In baseball, a batter called out due to three strikes
This article is about the baseball term. For striking out a court case, see
Motion to dismiss
. For the typographical mode indicating crossed-out text, see
Strikethrough
.
Cincinnati Reds
outfielder
Adam Dunn
strikes out swinging.
In
baseball
or
softball
, a
strikeout
(or
strike-out
) occurs when a batter accumulates three
strikes
during a time
at bat
. It usually means that the batter is
out
. A strikeout is a statistic recorded for both
pitchers
and
batters
, and is denoted by
K
in
scorekeeping
and
statistics
. A "strikeout looking"?in which the batter does not swing and the third strike is called by the umpire?is usually denoted by a
?
.
[1]
Although a strikeout suggests that the pitcher dominated the batter, the free-swinging style that generates
home runs
also leaves batters susceptible to striking out. Some of the greatest home run hitters of all time?such as
Mickey Mantle
,
Reggie Jackson
, and
Jim Thome
?were notorious for striking out.
Rules and jargon
[
edit
]
A pitched ball is ruled a
ball
by the
umpire
if the batter did not swing at it and, in that umpire's judgement, it does not pass through the
strike zone
. Any pitch at which the batter swings unsuccessfully or, that in that umpire's judgement passes through the strike zone, is ruled a
strike
. Each ball and strike affects the
count
, which is incremented for each pitched ball with the exception of a
foul ball
on any count with two strikes. That is, a third strike may only occur by the batter swinging and missing at a pitched ball, or the pitched ball being ruled a strike by the umpire with no swing by the batter. A pitched ball that is struck by the batter with the
bat
on any count, and is not a foul ball or
foul tip
, is
in play
. A batter may also strike out by bunting, even if the ball is hit into foul territory.
A pitcher receives credit for (and a batter is charged with) a strikeout on any third strike, but a batter is
out
only if one of the following is true:
- The third strike is pitched and caught in flight by the catcher (including foul tips);
- On any third strike, if a
baserunner
is on
first
and there are zero or one outs;
- The third strike is
bunted
foul and is not caught by a fielder.
Thus, it is possible for a batter to strike out, but still become a runner and reach base safely if the
catcher
is unable to catch the third strike cleanly, and he then does not either tag out the batter or
force
him out at first base. In Japan, this is called
furinige
(
振り逃げ
)
, or "swing and escape". In Major League Baseball, it is known as an
uncaught third strike
. When this happens, a strikeout is recorded for both the pitcher and the batter, but no out is recorded. Because of this, a pitcher may occasionally be able to record more than three strikeouts in one
inning
.
It is also possible for a strikeout to result in a
fielder's choice
. With the bases loaded and two strikes with two outs, the catcher drops the ball or catches it on the bounce. The batter-runner is obliged to run for first base and other base-runners are obliged to attempt to advance one base. Should the catcher field the ball and step on home plate before the runner from third base can score, then the runner from third base is forced out.
In
baseball scorekeeping
, a swinging strikeout is recorded as a K or a
K-S
. A strikeout looking (where the batter does not swing at a pitch that the umpire then calls strike three) is often scored with a backwards K (
?
), and sometimes as a
K-L
,
CK
, or
Kc
(the 'c' for 'called' strike). In terms of gameplay, swinging and looking strikeouts are exactly equivalent; the difference in notation is simply to record this aspect of the time at bat. Despite the scorekeeping custom of using "K" for strikeout, "SO" is the official abbreviation used by Major League Baseball.
[2]
"K" is still commonly used by fans and enthusiasts for purposes other than official record-keeping. One baseball ritual involves fans attaching a succession of small "K" signs to the nearest railing, one added for every strikeout notched by the home team's pitcher, following a tradition started by
New York Mets
fans in honor of "Dr. K",
Dwight Gooden
. The "K" may be placed upside down (
?
) in cases where the batter strikes out looking, just as it would appear on a scorecard. Virtually every televised display of a high-strikeout major league game will include a shot of a fan's strikeout display, and if the pitcher continues to strike out batters, the display may be shown following every strikeout.
The use of "K" for a strikeout was invented by
Henry Chadwick
, a newspaper journalist who is widely credited as the originator of the
box score
and the
baseball scorecard
. As is true in much of baseball, both the box score and scorecard remain largely unchanged to this day. Chadwick decided to use "K", the last letter in "struck", since the letter "S" was used for "sacrifice". Chadwick was responsible for several other scorekeeping conventions, including the use of numbers to designate player positions.
[3]
Those unaware of Chadwick's contributions have speculated that "K" was derived from the last name of 19th-century pitcher
Matt Kilroy
. If not for the evidence supporting Chadwick's earlier use of "K", this explanation would be reasonable. Kilroy raised the prominence of the strikeout, setting an all-time single-season record of 513 strikeouts in 1886, only two years after overhand pitching was permitted. His record, however, is limited to its era since the pitcher's mound was only 50 feet (15 m) from the batter during that season. It was moved to its current distance of 60'6" in 1893. The modern record (1901?present) is 383 strikeouts, held by
Nolan Ryan
, one better than
Sandy Koufax
's 382.
For 55 years,
Walter Johnson
held the career strikeout record, at 3,508. That record fell in 1982 to Nolan Ryan, who was then passed by
Steve Carlton
, before Ryan took the career strikeout record for good at 5,714.
History
[
edit
]
Early rules stated that "three balls being struck at and missed and the last one caught, is a hand-out; if not caught is considered fair, and the striker bound to run." The modern rule has changed very little. The addition of the called strike came in 1858.
In 1880, the rules were changed to specify that a third strike had to be caught on the fly. A later adjustment to the dropped third strike rule specified that a batter is automatically out when there are fewer than two out and a runner on first base. In 1887, the number of strikes for an out was changed to four, but it was promptly changed back to three the next season.
The rule that a third strike (only) must be caught originates in the concept that a third strike is not an automatic out, but rather puts the ball in play. The rule was described at least as early as
Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths
' 1793 book
Gymnastik fur die Jugend
(Gymnastics for Youth) and has remained in effect since. After the third strike, the ball being in play, the batter (now a runner) must be put out. This is almost always done immediately after the strike is made, by the catcher (putouts on strikeouts are still credited to the catcher),
[4]
but if the ball is not caught on the fly by the catcher, the batter/runner must be put out by the same means as any other runner who puts a ball in play which is not caught on the fly?by soaking (hitting the runner with a ball thrown by a fielder, now long obsolete), or by being tagged out, or by leaving the baseline, or by
force out
at first base.
[5]
Slang
[
edit
]
Hall of Famer
Sandy Koufax
was the first notable strikeout pitcher and the first to average more than a strikeout per inning pitched.
A swinging strikeout is often called a
whiff
, while a batter who is struck out by a
fastball
is often said to have been
blown away
. A batter who strikes out on a swung third strike is said to have
fanned
(as in a fanning motion), whereas if he takes a called third strike it is called a
punch out
(describing the plate umpire's dramatic punching motion on a called third strike). However, sometimes these words are used as general synonyms for a strikeout, irrespective of whether it was swinging or looking. The announcer
Ernie Harwell
called a batter who took a called third strike, usually on the other team, "out for excessive window-shopping" or having "stood like the house by the side of the road".
On a called third strike, it is said that the batter was
caught looking
, or that he looked at a strike. Typically, a called third strike can be somewhat more embarrassing for a batter, as it shows that he was either fooled by the pitcher or, even worse, had a moment of hesitation.
For example,
Carlos Beltran
was caught looking at strike 3 to end the
2006 NLCS
, and the season, for the
New York Mets
. Sports commentators have also been known to refer to it as
browsing
if the batter did not move his bat at all.
A pitcher is said to
striking out the side
when he retires all three batters in a half-inning by striking them out. This term is also used when all three outs were caused by strikeouts, regardless of how other batters in the inning fared. If a pitcher strikes out three batters on nine pitches, he is said to have pitched an
immaculate inning
. A batter that takes the third strike looking, especially on a breaking pitch like a slider or a curveball that appears to be out of the strike zone but drops in before he can get the bat off his shoulders, can be said to have been
frozen
.
In slang, when a batter strikes out three times in a game, he is said to have completed a
hat trick
. If he strikes out four times, it is called a
golden sombrero
. He receives a
platinum sombrero
if he strikes out five times, and this dishonor is also known as the
Olympic rings
.
Striking out six times is a rare occurrence, which in the history of major league play has only occurred in games that went to
extra innings
, with
Sam Horn
of the
Baltimore Orioles
being one of the few to do this. The slugger's then-teammate, pitcher
Mike Flanagan
, told reporters after that 1991 event that six strikeouts would thereafter be known as a
Horn
. He added that if anyone ever strikes out seven times in one game, it will be a
Horn of Plenty
.
Detroit Tigers fan keep track of their starting pitcher's strikeouts during a game in 2010, with each 'K' representing one strikeout.
Some pitchers who specialize in strikeouts have acquired nicknames including the letter "K".
Dwight Gooden
was known as "Doctor K" (back-referencing basketball star
Julius Erving
a.k.a. "Dr. J").
Francisco Rodriguez
is known as "K-Rod".
[6]
Roger Clemens
has taken the "K" name to an extreme by naming his four sons
Koby
, Kory, Kacy, and Kody.
Tim Lincecum
is nicknamed "The Say 'K' Kid", referencing former
Giants
player
Willie Mays
who was called "The Say Hey Kid".
Daisuke Matsuzaka
is known as "Dice-K", a term that was used as a pronunciation guide for his name when he first arrived in MLB.
Hall of Fame strikeout artist
Sandy Koufax
of the
Los Angeles Dodgers
coincidentally has a last name starting with "K", and in his call of the pitcher's
perfect game
in 1965, Dodgers announcer
Vin Scully
commented that Koufax's name "will always remind you of strikeouts".
[7]
More than three strikeouts in an inning
[
edit
]
The batter attempting to advance to first base after an uncaught third strike, which the catcher has already retrieved and is about to throw to the first baseman to record the putout
If a third strike is not caught cleanly by the catcher, it is still recorded as a strikeout for both the pitcher and the batter, but the batter becomes a runner and the play is still alive. (This is not true when first base is occupied and there are fewer than two outs; see
Uncaught third strike
.)
[8]
The runner may take first base unless the defense tags or throws him out. Therefore, a pitcher can achieve more than three strikeouts in one standard half-inning.
Prior to 1960, the event occurred only seven times.
[9]
The first Major League player to be credited with the feat was Ed "Cannonball" Crane of the
New York Giants
on October 4, 1888.
[10]
It has occurred in Major League Baseball 76 times.
[11]
[12]
Chuck Finley
accomplished the feat on May 12 and August 15, 1999, with the
Anaheim Angels
and again on April 16, 2000, with the
Cleveland Indians
.
Pete Richert
of the
Los Angeles Dodgers
is the only pitcher to do it in his MLB debut (April 12, 1962, against the
Cincinnati Reds
).
[13]
Steve Delabar
struck out four men in the 10th inning, and recorded the win in a 3?2 victory over the
Chicago White Sox
on August 13, 2012, making him the first pitcher in major league history to record four strikeouts in an
extra inning
.
[14]
For a list of pitchers who have achieved more than three strikeouts in an inning, including the most recent pitcher to do so, see
List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders
.
Five strikeouts in one inning have never occurred in a regulation Major League Baseball game. They have occurred at least six times at the
minor league
level. John Perkovitsh of Wisconsin Rapids did so against Oshkosh in a Wisconsin State League game on May 17, 1946, while
Ron Necciai
of Bristol in the Appalachian League accomplished the feat against Johnson City on May 17, 1952.
Kelly Wunsch
of the
Beloit Brewers
fanned five in the third inning on April 15, 1994.
[15]
Mike Schultz
of the
Lancaster JetHawks
struck out five batters in one inning on July 16, 2004, and Garrett Bauer of the
Rockford RiverHawks
struck out five batters in one inning on July 1, 2008.
[16]
Most recently, Malcolm Van Buren of the
Burlington Royals
struck out five in the seventh inning of a game on July 31, 2019.
[17]
That this has never happened in Major League play reflects the rarity of a pitcher getting a strikeout with an uncaught third strike, but also that,
- A second uncaught third strike happens with two outs, whether or not a runner is on first base and that the batter safely reaches first base, or
- that with fewer than two outs, the first baserunner, who reached base on an uncaught third strike, must have scored or be on a base other than first before another strikeout with a dropped 3rd strike can occur. Alternately, one or two normal strikeouts must be recorded before the second runner can possibly reach first base on a dropped 3rd strike; only when the second batter-runner reaches base can the 5th strikeout be completed.
Houston Astros
pitcher
Joe Niekro
struck out five Minnesota Twins batters in the first inning of an exhibition
spring training
game
[18]
on April 7, 1976, in New Orleans. Niekro's catcher,
Cliff Johnson
, was charged with five passed balls in the inning.
[19]
Exhibition games are not recorded in official statistics.
Records
[
edit
]
Pitchers
[
edit
]
An electronic banner announcing the milestone achievement of
John Smoltz
recording his 3000th strikeout during a game in April 2008
Career total
[
edit
]
The top 20
Major League Baseball
career strikeout leaders (active players in
bold
) (since 1901):
[20]
- Nolan Ryan
? 5,714
- Randy Johnson
? 4,875
- Roger Clemens
? 4,672
- Steve Carlton
? 4,136
- Bert Blyleven
? 3,701
- Tom Seaver
? 3,640
- Don Sutton
? 3,574
- Gaylord Perry
? 3,534
- Walter Johnson
? 3,509
- Justin Verlander
? 3,393
- Greg Maddux
? 3,371
- Max Scherzer
? 3,367
- Phil Niekro
? 3,342
- Ferguson Jenkins
? 3,192
- Pedro Martinez
? 3,154
- Bob Gibson
? 3,117
- Curt Schilling
? 3,116
- CC Sabathia
? 3,093
- John Smoltz
? 3,084
- Zack Greinke
? 2,977
Active pitchers with over 2,000 strikeouts (as of June 21, 2024):
[21]
- Justin Verlander
? 3,393
- Max Scherzer
? 3,367
- Zack Greinke
? 2,979
- Clayton Kershaw
? 2,944
- Chris Sale
? 2,296
- Gerrit Cole
- 2,152
Strikeouts per 9 innings
[
edit
]
The top 10
Major League Baseball
career
strikeout-per-nine innings
leaders (since 1900, minimum 1,000
IP
):
[22]
- Blake Snell
- 11.09
- Chris Sale
? 11.06
- Robbie Ray
? 11.03
- Jacob deGrom
? 10.96
- Max Scherzer
? 10.69
- Yu Darvish
? 10.61
- Randy Johnson
? 10.60
- Stephen Strasburg
? 10.54
- Gerrit Cole
? 10.42
- Kerry Wood
? 10.31
The top 5
Major League Baseball
single-season strikeout-per-nine innings leaders (since 1900, minimum 1.0
IP
per team game):
[23]
- Shane Bieber
, 2020 ? 14.19
- Gerrit Cole
, 2019 ? 13.81
- Jacob deGrom
, 2020 ? 13.76
- Spencer Strider
, 2023 - 13.54
- Randy Johnson
, 2001 ? 13.40
Season
[
edit
]
The top 10
Major League Baseball
single-season strikeout totals (since 1900):
[24]
Pitcher
|
Strikeouts
|
Season
|
Team
|
League
|
Overall Rank
|
Nolan Ryan
|
383
|
1973
|
California Angels
|
AL
|
8
|
Sandy Koufax
|
382
|
1965
|
Los Angeles Dodgers
|
NL
|
9
|
Randy Johnson
|
372
|
2001
|
Arizona Diamondbacks
|
NL
|
11
|
Nolan Ryan
|
367
|
1974
|
California Angels
|
AL
|
14
|
Randy Johnson
|
364
|
1999
|
Arizona Diamondbacks
|
NL
|
15
|
Rube Waddell
|
349
|
1904
|
Philadelphia Athletics
|
AL
|
18
|
Bob Feller
|
348
|
1946
|
Cleveland Indians
|
AL
|
19
|
Randy Johnson
|
347
|
2000
|
Arizona Diamondbacks
|
NL
|
20
|
Nolan Ryan
|
341
|
1977
|
California Angels
|
AL
|
25
|
Randy Johnson
|
334
|
2002
|
Arizona Diamondbacks
|
NL
|
30
|
The top 10
Major League Baseball
single-season strikeout totals (all time):
[25]
Game
[
edit
]
Progression of major league strikeout record for one nine-inning game, regular season (partial listing):
Modern era:
Note:
Tom Cheney
struck out 21 batters overall, in a 16-inning game, September 12, 1962.
[28]
He had 13 strikeouts through the first nine innings.
Progression of strikeout record,
World Series
game:
- 10 ?
1903
(first modern Series), Game 1,
Deacon Phillippe
- 11 ?
1903
, Game 2,
Bill Dinneen
- 12 ?
1906
, Game 3,
Ed Walsh
- 13 ?
1929
, Game 1,
Howard Ehmke
- 14 ?
1953
, Game 3,
Carl Erskine
- 15 ?
1963
, Game 1,
Sandy Koufax
- 17 ?
1968
, Game 1,
Bob Gibson
[29]
Progression of major league strikeout record for a relief pitcher, regular season (partial listing):
[30]
Batters
[
edit
]
Career
[
edit
]
The top 15
Major League Baseball
career strikeout leaders (as of June 20, 2024):
[32]
- Reggie Jackson
? 2,597
- Jim Thome
? 2,548
- Adam Dunn
? 2,379
- Sammy Sosa
? 2,306
- Alex Rodriguez
? 2,287
- Miguel Cabrera
? 2,105
- Andres Galarraga
? 2,003
- Justin Upton
- 1,971
- Jose Canseco
? 1,942
- Willie Stargell
? 1,937
- Mark Reynolds
? 1,927
- Nelson Cruz
- 1,916
- Curtis Granderson
? 1,916
- Giancarlo Stanton
- 1,909
- Mike Cameron
? 1,901
Active batters with over 1,300 K's (as of June 21, 2024):
- Giancarlo Stanton
- 1,910
- Paul Goldschmidt
- 1,798
- Andrew McCutchen
- 1,713
- Evan Longoria
? 1,696
- Joey Votto
? 1,640
- J.D. Martinez
- 1,627
- Freddie Freeman
- 1,588
- Eugenio Suarez
- 1,525
- Mike Trout
- 1,485
- Bryce Harper
- 1,462
- Nick Castellanos
- 1,416
- Carlos Santana
- 1,391
- Christian Yelich
- 1,366
- Brandon Belt
- 1,346
Season
[
edit
]
Single-season strikeout records (batters):
Game (teams combined)
[
edit
]
Progression of record for total strikeouts by both teams in one game (partial listing):
- 33 ? San Francisco Giants at Philadelphia Phillies (14 innings), June 22, 1958.
[33]
[34]
Matched by:
- 33 ? Washington Senators at Cleveland Indians (19 innings), June 14, 1963
[35]
[34]
- 36 ? San Francisco Giants at New York Mets (23 innings), May 31, 1964
[36]
[37]
[34]
- 43 ? California Angels at Oakland Athletics (20 innings), July 9, 1971
[38]
[39]
[37]
- 48 ? New York Yankees at Chicago Cubs (18 innings), May 7, 2017
[40]
[39]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Major League Baseball
(2001?2009).
"Baseball Basics: Abbreviations"
. Retrieved
September 2,
2009
.
- ^
"The Official Site of Major League Baseball: Official info: Baseball Basics: Abbreviations"
. Mlb.mlb.com. May 24, 2013
. Retrieved
June 6,
2013
.
- ^
"In baseball scoring, why is a strikeout marked with a K?"
.
Thestraightdope.com
. Retrieved
December 20,
2005
.
- ^
"Putout (PO): Definition"
. Major League Baseball
. Retrieved
March 30,
2021
.
- ^
Hershberger, Richard (Spring 2015).
"The Dropped Third Strike: The Life and Times of a Rule"
.
Baseball Research Journal
. SABR (Society for American Baseball Research)
. Retrieved
March 30,
2021
.
- ^
"Truth&Rumors | K-Rod expects to leave Angels"
. FanNation. March 22, 2008
. Retrieved
June 6,
2013
.
- ^
Shaikin, Bill (September 25, 2016).
"Three calls that are arguably Vin Scully's all-time best"
.
Los Angeles Times
. Retrieved
December 26,
2017
.
- ^
Official Rules of Major League Baseball
6.09b
- ^
"Four Strikeouts in One Inning"
.
Baseball-almanac.com
. 2011
. Retrieved
May 12,
2011
.
- ^
"Fluke or Feat: Ranking the Toughest Single Game Accomplishments in MLB"
.
Bleacherreport.com
. 2011
. Retrieved
May 13,
2011
.
- ^
"Rare Feats: Four K's in One Inning"
. mlb.mlb.com
. Retrieved
August 17,
2012
.
- ^
Kercheval, Nancy (June 25, 2011).
"Burnett Becomes First New York Yankee to Strike Out 4 in a Single Inning"
.
Bloomberg.com
. Bloomberg
. Retrieved
September 28,
2011
.
- ^
"Los Angeles Dodgers 11, Cincinnati Reds 7"
. Retrosheet.org. April 12, 1962
. Retrieved
October 17,
2010
.
- ^
"Cooper drives in winning run as Jays beat White Sox in 11th"
.
TSN.ca
. August 13, 2012
. Retrieved
August 14,
2012
.
- ^
"Brewer Farmhand Fans 5 - In One Inning"
. April 21, 1994
. Retrieved
July 31,
2019
.
- ^
"Bauer K's 5 in first; James hits winner in 12th"
.
Rockfordriverhawks.com
. July 1, 2008
. Retrieved
October 17,
2010
.
- ^
Burlington Baseball- 2021 Appy League [@BurlingtonBases] (July 31, 2019).
"Mid 7: MALCOLM VAN BUREN STRIKES OUT FIVE BATTERS IN ONE INNING! Twins kept off the board as they still lead 6-5"
(
Tweet
)
. Retrieved
December 31,
2020
– via
Twitter
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
link
)
- ^
Schlossberg, Dan (2007).
Baseball Gold: Mining Nuggets from Our National Pastime
. Chicago: Triumph Books. pp.
302?303
.
ISBN
978-1-57243-958-0
.
- ^
The Chicago Tribune
, April 8, 1976, p. C2
- ^
"Career Leaders & Records for Strikeouts"
.
Baseball-Reference.com
. Retrieved
October 14,
2018
.
- ^
"Active Leaders & Records for Strikeouts"
.
Baseball-Reference.com
. Retrieved
October 14,
2018
.
- ^
"Career Leaders & Records for Strikeouts per 9 IP"
. Baseball-Reference.com
. Retrieved
October 14,
2018
.
- ^
"Single-Season Leaders & Records for Strikeouts per 9 IP"
. Baseball-Reference.com
. Retrieved
October 14,
2018
.
- ^
"Strikeouts Single Season Leaders by Baseball Almanac"
. Baseball-almanac.com
. Retrieved
June 6,
2013
.
- ^
"Single-Season Leaders & Records for Strikeouts"
. Retrieved
May 10,
2011
.
- ^
a
b
"Baseball Recordbook 2007"
(PDF)
.
Sporting News
. p. 63.
- ^
Bevis, Charlie.
"George Bignell"
.
SABR
. Retrieved
June 6,
2013
.
- ^
"Washington Senators 2, Baltimore Orioles 1"
.
Retrosheet
. September 12, 1962
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
"St. Louis Cardinals 4, Detroit Tigers 0"
.
Retrosheet
. October 2, 1968
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
"Strikeout Records"
.
Baseball Almanac
.
- ^
"Arizona Diamondbacks 3, San Diego Padres 0"
.
Retrosheet
. July 18, 2001
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
"Career Leaders & Records for Strikeouts"
.
- ^
"San Francisco Giants 5, Philadelphia Phillies 4 (1)"
.
Retrosheet
. June 22, 1958
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Major League Records Set in Marathon"
.
Chicago Tribune
. June 1, 1964
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
– via newspapers.com.
- ^
"Cleveland Indians 3, Washington Senators 2 (2)"
.
Retrosheet
. June 14, 1963
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
"San Francisco Giants 8, New York Mets 6 (2)"
.
Retrosheet
. May 31, 1964
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
a
b
"Mangual Ends Angels' Night Life"
.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
. July 10, 1971
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
– via newspapers.com.
- ^
"Oakland Athletics 1, California Angels 0"
.
Retrosheet
. July 9, 1971
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
a
b
"Yankees-Cubs sets MLB record with 48 combined strikeouts"
.
ESPN.com
. May 8, 2017
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
- ^
"New York Yankees vs. Chicago Cubs ? Box Score"
.
ESPN.com
. May 7, 2017
. Retrieved
May 8,
2017
.
External links
[
edit
]