American historian (born 1934)
Stanley George Payne
(born September 9, 1934) is an American
historian
of modern
Spain
and
European
fascism
at the
University of Wisconsin?Madison
. He retired from full-time teaching in 2004 and is currently
Professor Emeritus
at its Department of History.
[1]
Early Life
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]
Stanley Payne was born on September 9th, 1934 in Denton, Texas. His father and mother were living in Colorado before moving to Texas. His father found work as a carpenter after losing his job to the Great Depression, and eventually became the foreman of a planing mill. His mother completed two years of nurse's training at a sanitarium in Chicago, but was forced to drop out due to lack of support from her family. She was a Seventh Day Adventist. The family moved to Sacramento, California when Stanley was twelve and Stanley's parents divorced soon after.
[2]
Work
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Known for his typological description of fascism, Payne is a specialist in the
Spanish fascist movement
and has also produced comparative analyses of Western European fascism. He asserts that there were some specific ways in which
Nazism
paralleled Russian communism to a much greater degree than Fascism was capable of doing. Payne does not propound the theory of "
red fascism
" or the notion that communism and Nazism are essentially the same. He states that Nazism more nearly paralleled Russian communism than any other noncommunist system has.
[3]
[4]
In the 1960s, his books were published in
Spanish
by
Editions Ruedo iberico (ERi)
, a publishing company set up by
Spanish Republican
exiles in
Paris
,
France
, to publish works forbidden in Spain by the
Francoist regime
ruling the country at the time. He has been referred to by some historians as a
revisionist
due to his views.
[5]
One of his more famous books is
Spanish Civil War, The Soviet Union and Communism
, which analyzes
Joseph Stalin
and the Soviet government's intervention in Spain. He also wrote
The Franco Regime
,
The Spanish Civil War
and
A History of Fascism 1914?1945
.
Payne uses a lengthy itemized list of characteristics to identify fascism, including the creation of an authoritarian state; a regulated, state-integrated economic sector;
fascist symbolism
; anti-
liberalism
;
anti-communism
, and anti-
conservatism
.
[6]
He sees elimination of the autonomy or, in some cases, complete existence of large-scale
capitalism
as the common aim of all fascist movements.
[7]
After a long shift towards Neo-
Francoism
,
[8]
in 2014 he published
Franco. A Personal and Political Biography
with
Jesus Palacios
, who during his youth had been a member of the now-banned group
CEDADE
.
[9]
Since then, he has been considered an iconic figure in
Francoist revisionism
.
[10]
[11]
[12]
Education
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]
Payne received his bachelor's degree from
Pacific Union College
in 1955. He went on to earn a masters from
Claremont Graduate School and University Center
in 1957 and a doctorate (Ph.D.) from
Columbia University
in 1960.
Books
[
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]
- Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism
, 1961
- Politics and the Military in Modern Spain
, 1967
- Franco's Spain
, 1967
- The Spanish Revolution
, 1970
- A History of Spain and Portugal
(2 vol 1973)
full text online free vol 1 before 1700
;
full text online free vol 2 after 1700
; standard scholarly history
- Basque Nationalism
, 1975
- La revolucion y la guerra civil espanola
, 1976
- Fascism: Comparison and Definition
, 1980
- Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview
, 1984
- The Franco Regime 1936?1975
, 1988
- Franco: El perfil de la historia
, 1992
- Spain's First Democracy: The Second Republic, 1931?1936
, 1993
- A History of Fascism 1914?1945
, 1996
- El primer franquismo, 1939?1959: Los anos de la autarquia
, 1998
- Fascism in Spain 1923?1977
, 2000
- The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism 1931?1939
, 2004
|
- El colapso de la Republica: Los origenes de la Guerra Civil 1933-1936
, 2005
- The Collapse of the Spanish Republic, 1933?1936
, 2006
- 40 preguntas fundamentales sobre la Guerra Civil
, 2006
- Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II
, 2008
- ¿Por que la Republica perdio la guerra?
, 2010
- Spain: A Unique History
, 2011
- Civil War in Europe, 1905-1949
, 2011
- La Europa revolucionaria: Las guerras civiles que marcaron el siglo XX
, 2011
- The Spanish Civil War
, 2012
- Franco: A Personal and Political Biography
, 2014, with Jesus Palacios
- Franco: Una biografia personal y politica
, 2014, with Jesus Palacios
- El fascismo
, 2014
- La Guerra Civil Espanola
, 2014
- El camino al 18 de julio: La erosion de la democracia en Espana, diciembre de 1935 - julio de 1936
, 2016
- 365 momentos clave de la historia de Espana
, 2016
- En defensa de Espana : desmontando mitos y leyendas negras
, 2017
- La revolucion espanola, 1936-1939: Un estudio sobre la singularidad de la Guerra Civil
, 2019
|
References
[
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]
- ^
Curriculum vitae and photo at
Department of History, University of Wisconsin?Madison
- ^
Payne, Stanley.
"Oral History - Stanley Payne"
.
University of Wisconsin-Madison
.
- ^
The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right.
Routledge. 2002. p. 67
- ^
Stanley G. Payne.
Fascism: Comparison and Definition
. University of Wisconsin Press. 1983.
ISBN
978-0299080648
. pp. 102?104
- ^
Angel Vinas
(ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
] 2015
- ^
Payne, Stanley (1980).
Fascism: Comparison and Definition
.
University of Wisconsin Press
, p. 7
- ^
Payne, Stanley G. (1995).
A history of fascism, 1914?1945
. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 10.
ISBN
978-0299148706
. Retrieved
7 February
2022
.
What fascist movements had in common was the aim of a new functional relationship for the social and economic systems, eliminating the autonomy (or, in some proposals, the existence) of large-scale capitalism and major industry
...
- ^
Rodriguez Jimenez, Francisco J. (2015).
"Stanley G. Payne: ¿Una trayectoria academica ejemplar?"
.
Hispania Nova
(1). Getafe:
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
: 24?54.
ISSN
1138-7319
.
- ^
Reig Tapia, Alberto (2015).
"La sombra de Franco es alargada"
.
Hispania Nova. Revista de Historia Contemporanea
. 1 (Extraordinario). Getafe:
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
.
ISSN
1138-7319
.
- ^
"Aguirre y Gonzalez subvencionaron con 300.000 euros a la fundacion de Abascal"
(in Spanish).
Servimedia
. 27 January 2019
. Retrieved
December 4,
2023
.
- ^
Gil Pecharroman, Julio
(11 November 2014).
"Revisionismo amable"
.
Revista de Libros
(in Spanish). Archived from
the original
on 5 May 2016
. Retrieved
30 August
2019
.
- ^
Robledo, Ricardo (2015-01-31).
"De leyenda rosa e historia cientifica: notas sobre el ultimo revisionismo de la Segunda Republica"
.
Cahiers de civilisation espagnole contemporaine. De 1808 au temps present
(in Spanish) (2/2015).
doi
:
10.4000/ccec.5444
.
ISSN
1957-7761
. Retrieved
2023-12-04
.
Bibliography
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External links
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