City in South Holland, Netherlands
Spijkenisse
(
Dutch pronunciation:
[sp?ik??n?s?]
ⓘ
) is a city in the
province
of
South Holland
,
Netherlands
. Following an administrative reform in 2015, it is part of the
municipality
of
Nissewaard
, and has a population of 72,500. It covers an area of 30.27 km
2
(11.69 sq mi) of which 4.15 km
2
(1.60 sq mi) is water. It is part of the
Greater Rotterdam area
.
History
[
edit
]
Archaeological evidence suggests that the area around Spijkenisse has been inhabited for several thousand years. The area's prehistoric inhabitants depended on fishing in the Maas and hunting in the surrounding swamps for sustenance.
The oldest known reference to the name
Spickenisse
is in a source from 1231. Spijkenisse is a
portmanteau
of the words
spieke
(
spit
) and
nesse
(
nose
) meaning "pointy nose." The name is a reference to the settlement's location on a spit of land protruding into the river.
[3]
Spijkenisse formed as a farming and fishing village on a creek along the
Oude Maas
. It originally belonged to the Lord of
Putten
(whose coat of arms is now used by the city) but in 1459 the fiefdom of Putten, including Spijkenisse, was transferred to
Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
. In 1581, after the
Dutch declaration of independence
, the area came under the control of the
States of Holland and West Friesland
.
[4]
In the 16th century, the village suffered several floods, and endured destructive fires in the following two centuries which hampered its economic growth. In the 20th century Spijkenisse heavily urbanised as part of the Greater Rotterdam area. Contemporary Spijkenisse includes the communities of
Hekelingen
, Den Hoek, and Beerenplaat.
Transport
[
edit
]
Spijkenisse has a connection to the city of
Rotterdam
by
Rotterdam Metro
lines C and D, through
Spijkenisse Centrum
,
Heemraadlaan
and
De Akkers
stations. The metro is operated by
RET
.
On 2 November 2020, at about 00:30, a train ran through buffers at the end of the line and was saved from plunging 10 metres by the "Whale tails" sculpture.
There are also several bus services operated by
EBS
and 1 line of
Connexxion
to Ouddorp.
In 2011, the town built
seven bridges
designed by Robin Stam, replicating
Robert Kalina
's fictional designs on the
euro
banknotes.
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
Districts
[
edit
]
- De Akkers
- Centrum
- De Elementen
- De Hoek
- Gildenwijk
- Groenewoud
- Hoogwerf
- Maaswijk
- Schenkel
- Schiekamp
- Sterrenkwartier
- Vierambachten
- Vogelenzang
- Vriesland
- Waterland
Health
[
edit
]
- Spijkenisse Medisch Centrum
(former Ruwaard van Putten hospital)
Schools
[
edit
]
Primary schools
[
edit
]
Roman Catholic
|
Protestant
|
Public
|
Calvinist
|
De Akkers
|
Het Anker
|
Annie MG Schmidt
|
De Morgenster
|
De Klinker
|
Het Baken
|
De Vuurvogel
|
|
De Maasoever
|
De Bron
|
|
|
Monseigneur Bekkersschool
|
De Duif
|
De Vogelenzang
|
|
De Wegwijzer
|
De Hoeksteen
|
De Krullevaar
|
|
Paus Johannes
|
De Marimba
|
De Meander(tot 2012)
|
|
|
De Rank
|
De Montessori
|
|
|
De Schakel
|
Jan Campert
|
|
|
|
De Piramide
|
|
|
|
De Toermalijn
|
|
|
|
De Veenvlinder
|
|
Secondary school
[
edit
]
Roman Catholic
|
Christian
|
Public
|
MAVO Charles de Foucauld
|
PENTA college CSG Scala Molenwatering
|
OSG My College
|
|
PENTA College CSG Scala Rietvelden
|
OSG De Ring van Putten
|
|
PENTA college CSG De Oude Maas
|
|
Notable residents
[
edit
]
- Sport
International relations
[
edit
]
Spijkenisse is
twinned
with the following cities:
Gallery
[
edit
]
-
The medieval village church is the oldest building in Spijkenisse.
-
-
Mannetjes op de krom
by
Bert Kiewiet
[
nl
]
-
The library "Bookmountain"
-
The
Rokade
-
Ice in the harbour of spijkenisse
-
The Maasboulevard
-
Sculpture "droomboot" (dream boat)
-
Outfall sluice
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020"
[Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020].
StatLine
(in Dutch).
CBS
. 24 July 2020
. Retrieved
19 September
2020
.
- ^
"Postcodetool for 3201EL"
.
Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
(in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis
. Retrieved
24 August
2013
.
- ^
"Gemeente Spijkenisse"
. Spijkenisse.nl
. Retrieved
2014-02-10
.
- ^
Spijkenisse Online - geschiedenis
Archived
June 7, 2011, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Kristen Allen, "
Euro Bridges: An Uncommon Monument to the Common Currency
",
Spiegel Online
, 4 November 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^
Benjamin Starr, "
Bridges on Euro Banknotes Were Fictional, But This Dutch Designer Built Them Anyway
",
Visual News
, 17 December 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
- ^
Those fantasy bridges on euro notes? They're real, now, and all in one place
Coin World
(www.coinworld.com). July 24, 2017. Retrieved on 2017-07-25.
- ^
Euro Banknote Bridges
Atlas Obscura
(www.atlasobscura.com). Retrieved on 2018-06-25.
External links
[
edit
]
Places adjacent to Spijkenisse
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International
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National
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Geographic
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