From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Substitute for human breast milk
Soy formula
is a substitute for human
breast milk
. It is a commercial product based on the proteins found in soybeans. Soy
infant formula
uses processed soybeans as its source of protein, and comes in powdered or liquid form.
[1]
Usually lactose-free, soy infant formula contains a different sugar. Infants who are intolerant of cows' milk protein may also be intolerant of soy protein. It differs from human breast milk in a number of ways.
[2]
Soy protein inhibits the absorption of iron. The soy-based formulas discussed by the
World Health Organization
reports that soy formula is fortified with iron to compensate for this effect.
[3]
One naturally occurring plant-based compound found in soy-based infant formula is
phytic acid
. It is also a strong inhibitor of iron absorption, though it can be removed in processing. It is not known how many manufacturers of soy-based formula incorporate this practice. China and Vietnam have regulated soy-based infant formulas to include NaFeEDTA (sodium-feric
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
) to fortify the formula and enhance the absorption of iron by the infant. When iron compounds are added to soy-based infant formula, the iron compound is encapsulated to prevent it from making the formula dark.
[4]
Constituents
[
edit
]
Genetically modified ingredients may be present in soy-based infant formula. It may also be of lower nutritional value.
[5]
Soy-based infant formula can have
aluminum
,
phytates
, and
phytoestrogens
(isoflavones) that might cause unanticipated effects. Other constituents are
amino acids
: such as
taurine
,
methionine
, and
carnitine
. Added minerals are phosphore, calcium, iron, and
zinc
. SIF also contains soy-isolate that supplies 95% of protein.
Indications
[
edit
]
Breastfeeding is still the best option for feeding infants.
[6]
There are instances when breastfeeding is not possible and the use of formula is appropriate.
[5]
Indications for the use of soy-based infant formula are
galactosaemia
and
lactase deficiency
. When a child develops an allergy to cows' milk, soy-based formula is used. SBF is less costly than other breast milk formula substitutes.
[6]
History
[
edit
]
Past reports of the effects of soy formula have suggested that a constituent of soy formula may affect reproductive functions. However, studies have shown that no correlation exists between the consumption of soy formula and abnormality in reproductive anatomy or function.
[7]
Soy-based infant formula has been used for over the past 100 years. By late 1800s and the early 1900s, supplementation of breastfeeding with formula was acceptable.
[5]
Soy-based formula was used as early as 1909.
[6]
Allergies and other concerns
[
edit
]
Soy-based infant formula is associated with
allergies in infants
.
[8]
Chronic food protein-induced
enterocolitis
syndrome (FPIES) has been observed in infants aged younger than three months who were fed with soy formula.
[9]
France
has taken soy-based infant formula off the market. Soy-base formula accounts for about 20% of the infant formula purchased in the US. In
New Zealand
formula use is around 10%, and in
Belgium
and the
UK
and about 5%.
[6]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Promoting Breastfeeding During Pregnancy ? Step 3"
. World Health Organization. 7 August 2017.
Archived
from the original on 22 August 2017
. Retrieved
7 August
2017
– via www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain
.
- ^
Walker, Marsha (2011).
Breastfeeding management for the clinician : using the evidence
. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
ISBN
9780763766511
.
- ^
"Preventing and Controlling Iron Defiency Anaemia Through Primary Health Care"
. The World Health Organization. 1990. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 8 August 2017
. Retrieved
9 August
2017
.
- ^
"JIACI · Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology"
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 2017-08-08
. Retrieved
2017-08-07
.
- ^
a
b
c
Walker, Marsha (1 August 2015).
"Formula Supplementation of Breastfed Infants: Helpful or Hazardous?"
.
ICAN: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition
.
7
(4): 198?207.
doi
:
10.1177/1941406415591208
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Vandenplas, Yvan; De Greef, Elisabeth; Devreker, Thierry; Hauser, Bruno (1 February 2011). "Soy infant formula: is it that bad?".
Acta Paediatrica
.
100
(2): 162?166.
doi
:
10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02021.x
.
PMID
20860705
.
S2CID
44418196
.
- ^
Andres, Aline; Moore, Mary B.; Linam, Leann E.; Casey, Patrick H.; Cleves, Mario A.; Badger, Thomas M. (1 May 2015).
"Compared with Feeding Infants Breast Milk or Cow-Milk Formula, Soy Formula Feeding Does Not Affect Subsequent Reproductive Organ Size at 5 Years of Age"
.
The Journal of Nutrition
.
145
(5): 871?875.
doi
:
10.3945/jn.114.206201
.
PMID
25761499
.
- ^
Nowak-W?grzyn, Anna; Katz, Yitzhak; Mehr, Sam Soheil; Koletzko, Sibylle (1 May 2015).
"Non?IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy"
.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
.
135
(5): 1114?1124.
doi
:
10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.025
.
PMID
25956013
.
- ^
Nowak-W?grzyn, A; Jarocka-Cyrta, E; Moschione Castro, APB (2017).
"Food Protein?Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome"
.
Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology
.
27
(1): 1?18.
doi
:
10.18176/jiaci.0135
.
ISSN
1018-9068
.
PMID
28211341
.
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