Draught horse breed of the former Soviet Union
Soviet Heavy Draft
Советский тяжеловоз
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Soviet_heavy_draft.jpg/220px-Soviet_heavy_draft.jpg) |
Conservation status
| FAO
(2007): not listed
[1]
: 99
|
---|
Other names
| - Russian
:
Советский тяжеловоз
- Sovetskii Tyazhelovoz
- Sovetskaya Tyazhelovozskaya
[2]
- Soviet Heavy Draught
|
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Country of origin
| |
---|
Use
| Working animal
|
---|
|
Weight
| - Male:
average 850 kg
[2]
maximum 1,000 kg
[3]
: 325
|
---|
Height
| |
---|
Colour
| bay
, brown,
chestnut
|
---|
|
In the
Sevastopol Zoo
(May 2011)
The
Soviet Heavy Draft
is a Russian
breed
of heavy
draft horse
.
[4]
It derives from the Belgian
Brabant
heavy draft breed. It was developed in the former
Soviet Union
for
agricultural draft work
, and was recognized as a breed in 1952.
[3]
: 324
It is one of several heavy draft breeds developed in the Soviet Union in the twentieth century, others being the
Russian Heavy Draft
? which derived mainly from the
Ardennais
? and the
Vladimir Heavy Draft
, which was derived principally from the
Clydesdale
.
History
[
edit
]
The
Russian Empire
had no indigenous breeds of heavy draft horse.
[5]
: 277
The origins of the Soviet Heavy Draft date to the late nineteenth century, at the Khrenovski
stud farm
in
Voronezh Oblast
. Imported
Brabant
draft
stallions
from Belgium were
cross-bred
with
mares
of various types: some were of
Ardennais
,
Jutland
,
Percheron
or
Suffolk Punch
draft type, others were
riding horses
.
[3]
: 324
Breeding was later transferred to the Pochinki Stud Farm in
Pochinki
, in
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
, with another center at the
stud farm
of
Gavrilov Posad
, in
Ivanovo Oblast
, and another in
Mordovia
.
[3]
: 325
The breeding range covered a broad area in central-southern
Russia
. In 1885 there were three Brabant stallions in that area; in 1895 there were fifty-eight, by 1950 almost four hundred, and nearly nine hundred in 1945. There was strong demand for powerful agricultural horses, and the area of influence of the Brabant stallions spread. They were used in the creation of the
Estonian
and
Lithuanian Heavy Draft
breeds.
[3]
: 325
The Soviet Heavy Draft was named and officially recognized in 1952.
[3]
: 325
In 1980 the total population was about 35,000, of which almost 4,000 were
pure-bred
.
[3]
: 272
Characteristics
[
edit
]
The selective breeding that created the Soviet Heavy Draft resulted in a massively-built horse with free-moving
gaits
.
It has a straight or convex profile, and a short neck. The torso is wide and muscular, with a wide strong back and a muscular sloping croup. The abdomen is rounded. The legs are short and sturdy with solid joints and broad rounded
hooves
.
[6]
: 111
The Soviet Heavy Draft was created for
draft work
in agriculture and industry. It is also used in the production of
meat
and
milk
. Mares are moderately fertile (65?75%), and foals are fast-growing, reaching
350?400 kg
when
weaned
. The highest recorded milk yield per
lactation
is
6,320 kg
.
[3]
: 325
It was among the breeds used in the development of the
Bulgarian Heavy Draft
in the later twentieth century.
[7]
: 448
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007).
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources
, annex to
The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
ISBN
9789251057629
. Accessed June 2017.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Sovetskii Tyazhelovoz/Russian Federation
. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2017.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
N.G. Dmitriev, L.K. Ernst (1989).
Animal genetic resources of the USSR
. FAO animal production and health paper 65. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
ISBN
9251025827
. Archived 13 November 2009. Also available
here
, archived 29 September 2017.
- ^
Советский тяжеловоз // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 2. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.374
- ^
Elwyn Hartley Edwards (1994).
The Encyclopedia of the Horse
. London; New York; Stuttgart; Moscow: Dorling Kindersley.
ISBN
0751301159
.
- ^
Maurizio Bongianni (1988).
Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies
. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc.
ISBN
0671660683
.
- ^
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
ISBN
9781780647944
.
Sources
[
edit
]
- Книга о лошади / сост. С. М. Буденный. том 1. М., 1952.
- Советская тяжеловозная порода // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский. 2-е изд. том 39. М., Государственное научное издательство ≪Большая Советская энциклопедия≫, 1956. стр.484
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These are the
horse breeds
considered in the Russian Federation to be wholly or partly of Russian origin. Inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed originates predominantly or exclusively within the Russian Federation.
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Contemporary
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Extinct
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