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The
sixth siege of Gibraltar
in 1411 was the only occasion on which control of
Gibraltar
was contested between two Islamic powers. After the failed
fifth siege of Gibraltar
in 1349?50, which ended with the death of King
Alfonso XI of Castile
from
bubonic plague
, the
Kingdom of Castile
was preoccupied with the
Castilian Civil War
and its aftermath. In 1369, Sultan
Muhammed V of Granada
took advantage of the Castilians' distractions and in the
siege of Algeciras (1369)
he seized the city of
Algeciras
, on the west side of the
Bay of Gibraltar
, which Alfonso XI had captured in 1344. After razing it to the ground he made peace with
Henry II
, the winner of the civil war. The truce was renewed by Henry's successors
John I
and
Henry III
. At some point during the truces, control of Gibraltar was transferred from the
Marinid dynasty
of Morocco, which had held it since 1333, to the Granadans. It is not clear why this happened; it may have been as a condition of the Granadans assisting the Marinids against rebels in Morocco.
In February 1407, the truce between the Christian and Islamic kingdoms collapsed during the reign of the infant
John II
as the result of a minor skirmish. A Castilian fleet put to sea and inflicted a major defeat on the Moors in the
Strait of Gibraltar
. The rulers of Granada and Morocco met at Gibraltar and agreed to sue for a fresh truce, but relations between the two Islamic states soon broke down amid disagreements between their rulers.
The garrison of Gibraltar rebelled in 1410 against the Granadan ruler,
Yusuf III
, and declared allegiance to
Abu Said Uthman III
of Morocco. Abu Said Uthman III sent his brother, Abu Said, to take charge with an army numbering some 1,000 cavalry and 2,000 infantry. They occupied a number of castles in the area as well as the ports of
Estepona
and
Marbella
. A Granadan counter-offensive in 1411 drove Abu Said back to Gibraltar, where he took refuge. Yusuf III's son Ahmad laid siege to Gibraltar and defeated several Moroccan attempts to break out. Eventually a Granadan sympathiser in the garrison helped the besiegers to gain entrance. They stormed the
Moorish Castle
, forcing Abu Said to surrender, and restored Granadan control over Gibraltar. Back in Morocco, Abu Said Uthman III reacted by writing to Yusuf III to ask him to execute Abu Said for disloyalty. Instead, the Granadan sultan gave Abu Said an army and sent him back to Morocco to launch an ultimately unsuccessful rebellion against Abu Said Uthman III.
References
[
edit
]
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Hills, George (1974).
Rock of Contention: A history of Gibraltar
. London: Robert Hale & Company.
ISBN
0-7091-4352-4
.
36°08′38″N
5°21′00″W
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36.1439; -5.3499