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Sichuanese Pinyin

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Sichuanese Pinyin (Si 4 cuan 1 hua 4 Pin 1 yin 1 ; simplified Chinese : 四川? ?音 ; traditional Chinese : 四川話 ?音 ; pinyin : Sichu?nhua p?ny?n ), is a romanization system specifically designed for the Chengdu dialect of Sichuanese . It is mostly used in selected Sichuanese dictionaries, such as the Sichuan Dialect Dictionary , [1] Sichuan Dialect's Vocabulary Explanation , [2] and the Chengdu Dialect Dictionary . [3] Sichuanese Pinyin is based on Hanyu Pinyin , the only Chinese romanization system officially instructed within the People's Republic of China , for convenience amongst users. However, Hanyu Pinyin is unable to match the phonology of Sichuanese with complete precision, especially in the case for the Minjiang dialect , as there are many differences between Sichuanese and Standard Chinese in phonology.

Scheme [ edit ]

Initials [ edit ]

Below each IPA symbol in the table below are the letters which correspond to their respective sounds in Sichuanese Pinyin, and a sample Chinese character with that initial: [ citation needed ]

Bilabial Labiodental Coronal Alveolar Alveopalatal Velar Semivowel
Plosive plain [p]
b ?
[t]
d
[k]
g
aspirated [p?]
p
[t?]
t
[k?]
k
Affricate plain [ts]
z
[t?]
j
[w]
w ?
aspirated [ts?]
c
[t??]
q
[j]
y ?
Nasal [m]
m ?
[n]
n
[n?]
? ?
[ŋ]
ng/ŋ
Fricative Voiceless [f]
f ?
[s]
s
[?]
x
[x]
h
voiced [v]
v
[z]
r/th
Zero ?
?

Finals [ edit ]

Below each IPA symbol in the table below are the letters which correspond to their respective sounds in Sichuanese Pinyin, and a sample Chinese character with that syllable rime: [ citation needed ]

-i or -u nasal finals
Ø- [z]
i
[?]
er
[a]
a
[o]
o
[?]
e
[ai]
ai
[ei]
ei
[au]
ao
[?u]
ou
[an]
an ? [4]
[?n]
en ?
[aŋ]
ang/aŋ ?
[oŋ]
ong/oŋ ?
i- [i]
i
[ia]
ia
[i?]
ie ?
[iai]
iai
[iau]
iao ?
[i?u]
iu
[ian]
ian ? [4]
[in]
in
[iaŋ]
iang/iaŋ
u- [u]
u
[ua]
ua
[u?]
ue ?
[uai]
uai
[uei]
ui ?
[uan]
uan [4]
[u?n]
un
[uaŋ]
uang/uaŋ
y- [y]
u ?
[yo]
uo ?
[ye]
ue ?
[yan]
uan ? [4]
[yn]
un
[yoŋ]
iong/ioŋ

Tones [ edit ]

The Sichuanese Pinyin system uses superscript numbers to mark the four tones of Chengdu dialect. The number is placed on the top right corner of every syllable, where "1" stands for the first tone, "2" stands for the second tone, and so forth.

Rules [ edit ]

The rules of Sichuanese Pinyin are based on those of Hanyu Pinyin, with some slight modifications:

  • When the final -ong has a zero-initial, it is written ong (as opposed to Hanyu Pinyin weng ).
  • As in Hanyu Pinyin, u is written u when paired with the series of alveolo-palatal initials ( j- , q- and x- ); however, the rule is not extended to the additional member ?- (e.g. ?u 3 ).

Sample text [ edit ]

The following sample text is a selection of Sichuanese idioms in Sichuanese Pinyin, Scuanxua Latinxua Sin Wenz (in Sichuanese) and Hanyu Pinyin (in Standard Mandarin pronunciation), for comparative purposes:

Chinese characters Sichuanese Pinyin Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz Hanyu Pinyin
矮子?河,安(淹)了心。 Ngai 3 zi 3 go 4 ho 2 , ngan 1 no 2 xin 1 . Ngaaiz go ho, ngan lo xin. ?izi guo he, y?n le x?n.
足正不?鞋歪。 Juo 2 zen 4 bu 2 pa 4 hai 2 wai 1 . Giuo zen bupa xai uai. Zu zheng bupa xie w?i.
吃苞谷?打哈欠,??腔。 Ci 2 bao 1 gu 2 ba 1 da 3 ho 1 hai 1 , kai 1 huang 2 qiang 1 . C baoguba daa xoxai, kai xuongkiang. Ch? b?og?b? d? h?qian, k?i huangqi?ng.
猫???,?不到爪爪。 Mer 1 zua 1 ci 2 ba 1 , to 2 bu 2 dao 3 zao 3 zao 3 . Mer zua cba, to budao zaozao. M?o zhu? cib?, tu? budao zhu?zhu?.

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ (in Chinese) 王文虎、?一舟、周家筠 (1987). 《四川方言?典》 . 四川人民出版社. ISBN   7-220-00370-6 .
  2. ^ (in Chinese) ??晟 (1989). 《四川方言????》 . 重?出版社. ISBN   7-5366-0638-9 .
  3. ^ (in Chinese) ??希、韋一心、冷玉龍 (1987). 《成都?方言?典》 . 四川省社?科?院出版社. ISBN   7-80527-594-7 .
  4. ^ a b c d There is a trend within the Chengdu dialect where [æ] will replace [an] .