1975 body horror film by David Cronenberg
Shivers
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United States theatrical release poster, featuring an alternate title
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Directed by
| David Cronenberg
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Written by
| David Cronenberg
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Produced by
| Ivan Reitman
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Starring
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Cinematography
| Robert Saad
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Edited by
| Patrick Dodd
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Production
company
| DAL Productions
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Distributed by
| Cinepix Film Properties
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Release dates
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Running time
| 87 minutes
[1]
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Country
| Canada
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Language
| English
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Budget
| CAD$
179,000
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Box office
| CAD
$5 million
[
clarification needed
]
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Shivers
, also known as
The Parasite Murders
and
They Came from Within
, and, for Canadian distribution in French,
Frissons
(
free-SOHN
; 'chills' or 'shivers'), is a 1975 Canadian
science fiction
body horror
film written and directed by
David Cronenberg
and starring
Paul Hampton
,
Lynn Lowry
, and
Barbara Steele
.
Plot
[
edit
]
At Starliner Towers, a luxury apartment complex outside of
Montreal
, Dr. Emil Hobbes murders a young woman named Annabelle. He slices open her stomach, pours acid into the wound and then commits suicide. Nick Tudor, who has been suffering from stomach convulsions, finds their bodies but leaves without calling the police. The two bodies are found by resident doctor Roger St. Luc, who calls the police. Hobbes' medical partner, Rollo Linsky, tells St. Luc that he and Hobbes had been working on a project to create "a parasite that can take over the function of a human organ."
After suffering more convulsions, Nick leaves work early. He vomits a parasite over the railing of his balcony. The parasite slithers back into the apartment, where it attacks a cleaning woman in the basement, attaching itself to her face. Nick's wife Janine tries to care for him, but he ignores her and prefers to talk to the parasites undulating in his abdomen. At the clinic, Roger sees a sexually active middle-aged resident who has been suffering from stomach convulsions. Roger speculates that his condition might be an
STD
that he caught from Annabelle.
Linsky calls Roger from Hobbes' office downtown to tell him that Hobbes had developed a parasite that was "a combination of aphrodisiac and venereal disease that will, hopefully, turn the world into one beautiful mindless orgy." Hobbes believed modern humans had become over-intellectual and estranged from their primal impulses. Hobbes' ambition with his parasitic invention was to reassert humanity's unbridled, sexually aggressive instincts, and he used Annabelle as his guinea pig. Linsky warns Roger not to approach anyone who is behaving in a strange manner.
Nick tries to force Janine to have sex with him, but she recoils in horror when one of the parasites crawls from his mouth. She rushes to the apartment of her friend Betts, who was infected by one of the parasites while taking a bath. Betts seduces Janine and as they kiss, passes a parasite to her. Meanwhile, other residents, including a little girl in an elevator with her mother, who are assaulted by a deliveryman, become infected with the parasite, attack other residents and continue to spread the infection. Soon the hallways are full of people sexually assaulting or fighting one another. Roger combs the complex looking for the parasites while Forsythe?his nurse and lover?tends to an elderly couple who were attacked by one of the parasites.
Linsky arrives at Starliner Towers and goes to the Tudor apartment, as Roger had identified Nick as someone Annabelle might have infected. He finds Nick lying in bed, parasites crawling on his abdomen. When Linsky examines him more closely, one of the parasites latches onto his cheek. Linsky tries to pull it off with pliers, but Nick kills him and swallows the parasite. Forsythe tries to flee the complex in her car but is attacked by the infected security guard. Before he can rape her, Roger arrives and kills him, and the two hide in the basement. Forsythe tells Roger of a dream that mixed eroticism and death, then vomits up a parasite. Roger knocks her out and tries to carry her to safety, but they are attacked by a horde of infected sex maniacs. Roger is separated from Forsythe and is forced to flee as she is overwhelmed by the infected.
Roger kills Nick in his apartment, then tries to escape the complex, but is thwarted at every turn. He finally makes it to the swimming pool area where he encounters Janine and Betts swimming fully clothed. The two walk to the edge of the pool and smile seductively at him as he finds a door to the outside, but the infected block his path and he is pulled into the pool by Janine and Betts. The rest of the infected, including the little girl from the elevator, plunge into the pool fully dressed or otherwise and swim towards Roger to hold him down. Roger is eventually surrounded and finally infected by Forsythe.
Roger, Forsythe and the other Starliner residents drive out of the building's garage. Early the next morning, news reports encourage listeners not to panic as police investigate an epidemic of sexual assaults in Montreal.
Cast
[
edit
]
- Paul Hampton
as Roger St. Luc
- Joe Silver
as Rollo Linsky
- Lynn Lowry
as Nurse Forsythe
- Allan Kolman (credited as Alan Migicovsky) as Nicholas Tudor
- Susan Petrie as Janine Tudor
- Barbara Steele
as Betts
- Ronald Mlodzik as Merrick
- Barry Boldero as Det. Heller
- Camil Ducharme as Mr. Guilbault
- Hanka Posnanska as Mrs. Guilbault
- Wally Martin as Doorman
- Vlasta Vrana
as Kresimer Sviben
- Silvie Debois as Benda Sviben
Production
[
edit
]
After finishing
Crimes of the Future
David Cronenberg
lived in
Tourrettes-sur-Loup
, France, where he shot filler for the
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
using a 16 mm camera he purchased with a
Canada Council
grant. During his time in France he went to the
Cannes Film Festival
where he realized that he "couldn't make movies like
Stereo
and
Crimes
and consider myself a professional film-maker" and that he needed a broader audience. He returned to Canada and started work on
Shivers
.
Cronenberg joined
Cinepix
which he described as "sleazy distributors, and I say that with great affection - my kind of people".
Cinepix was attempting to enter the American market and
John Dunning
believed that Cronenberg's film would aid them.
It took around three years to gain financial backing from the
Canadian Film Development Corporation
which viewed the movie as "disgusting, awful, horrific, perverse" according to Cronenberg.
Jonathan Demme
was offered the position of director.
Cronenberg directed the film, but stated "I had fifteen days to learn how to make a movie. I didn't know how to make movies, just films." and that he "didn't know what the fuck was going on" at his first production meeting.
The film was written under the titles
The Parasite Complex
,
Starliner
, and
Orgy Of The Blood Parasites
.
Ivan Reitman
produced the film. It was shot at
Nuns' Island
from 21 August to 17 September 1974. The film was given a budget of $115,000, but cost $179,000 (equivalent to $1,073,317 in 2023) with $76,500 coming from the CFDC.
Dick Smith
and
Joe Blasco
worked on effects and makeup for the film.
It was shot at Tourelle-Sur-Rive, a 1962 apartment building designed by
Mies van der Rohe
.
[10]
While filming, Lynn Lowry accidentally struck Cronenberg in the face with a cooking fork.
[11]
Release
[
edit
]
The film was released as
Shivers
in Canada and the United Kingdom,
The Parasite Murders
and
Frissons
in Quebec, and
They Came From Within
in the United States. The film was released in Canada in Montreal by
Cinepix
on 10 October 1975, in English in three theatres and in French in seven theatres.
Regional showings in the United States started in
San Antonio
, Texas, on September 26, 1975.
[13]
The film was successful in Quebec, but failed in the United States with Cronenberg blaming
American International Pictures
's poor distribution. Multiple scenes were cut from the American release to prevent an
X rating
. The film earned around $5 million after a theatrical release in forty countries.
Home media
[
edit
]
The film was released on
DVD
by
Image Entertainment
on September 16, 1998.
[14]
On September 15, 2020,
Lionsgate
issued the film on
Blu-ray
in the United States as part of its
Vestron Video
Collector's Series. This release includes, among other features, a new commentary by Cronenberg.
[15]
Reception
[
edit
]
Making $1 million
[
clarification needed
]
in Canada,
Shivers
was one of the highest-grossing English-language Canadian films of all time,
[16]
and more profitable than any previous Canadian film.
[17]
According to Cronenberg it was the first film funded by the CFDC to earn a profit.
On
Rotten Tomatoes
, the film has a rating of 85% based on reviews from 26 critics, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's consensus states, "
Shivers
uses elementally effective basic ingredients to brilliant
effect ?
and lays the profoundly unsettling foundation for director David Cronenberg's career to follow".
[19]
Critical reaction to the initial release of the movie was negative, however.
Of a selection of 28 reviews from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and France, 16 reviews were negative?12 of these very negative?versus 6 that were positive. Of the positive reviews, 3 were very positive. 6 reviews were neutral.
Canadian critics such as Martin Knelman, in
The Globe and Mail
, and Dane Larnken, in the
Montreal Gazette
, gave the film negative reviews.
American critic
Roger Ebert
noted that while he expected
Shivers
to be a dismal exploitation film, since it was part of a double bill with the purported
snuff film
Snuff
, he instead was impressed by much of the movie. He gave it 2
1
⁄
2
stars.
[23]
Canadian journalist
Robert Fulford
previously praised Cronenberg's prior film
Stereo
.
However, Fulford, writing under the pseudonym Marshall Delaney, decried the content of
Shivers
in the national magazine
Saturday Night
. Since Cronenberg's film was partially financed by the taxpayer-funded CFDC. Fulford headlined the article with
You should know how bad this film is. After all, you paid for it.
He called it "crammed with blood, violence and depraved sex", and "the most repulsive movie I've ever seen."
[25]
Not only did this high-profile attack make it more difficult for Cronenberg to obtain funding for his subsequent movies
it also resulted in him being kicked out of his apartment in
Toronto
according to Cronenberg, due to his landlord's inclusion of a "morality clause" in the lease.
[27]
The controversy over the sexual and violent content of
Shivers
grew to the point that the
Parliament of Canada
debated the film's social and artistic value and effect upon society.
[17]
[
failed verification
?
see discussion
]
Related works
[
edit
]
The screenplay was published by
Faber & Faber
in the 2002 collection
David Cronenberg: Collected Screenplays 1: Stereo, Crimes of the Future, Shivers, Rabid.
[28]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"
SHIVERS
(X)"
.
British Board of Film Classification
. September 9, 1975
. Retrieved
May 18,
2013
.
- ^
Justine Smith, 'Cronenberg's Creeptastic Trio', Toronto
National Post
, 31 October 2018, p. B8; Hassard, John; Holliday, Ruth (October 4, 2003). Contested Bodies. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-64417-9; Mathijs, Ernest (2008). The Cinema of David Cronenberg: From Baron of Blood to Cultural Hero. Wallflower. ISBN 978-1-905674-65-7.
- ^
https://filmschoolrejects.com/shivers-commentary/
- ^
"
They Came From Within
advertisement"
.
San Antonio Express
. September 26, 1975. p. 59 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^
"Shivers"
. dvdempire.com
. Retrieved
March 31,
2011
.
- ^
"Blu-ray Review: David Cronenberg's Shivers on Vestron Video - Slant Magazine"
.
Slant Magazine
. Archived from
the original
on October 12, 2020.
- ^
"Canada-Only B.O. Figures".
Variety
. November 21, 1979. p. 24.
- ^
a
b
Grant, Barry Keith (2007).
Schirmer Encyclopedia of Film: Academy Awards - Crime Films
. Schirmer Reference.
ISBN
978-0-02-865792-9
.
- ^
"
Shivers
"
.
Rotten Tomatoes
.
Fandango Media
. Retrieved
October 7,
2021
.
- ^
Roger Ebert (March 19, 1976).
"They Came from Within/Shivers"
. rogerebert.com
. Retrieved
July 29,
2016
.
- ^
Fulford, Robert (September 1975), "You should know how bad this film is. After all, you paid for it",
Saturday Night
, p. 83
- ^
Rossignol, Sebastien (June 2003).
Le cinema de David Cronenberg et la peinture de Francis Bacon?Regards croises
(Maitrise Cinema et Histoire thesis) (in French).
Toulouse
, France:
Universite de Toulouse II ? Le Mirail
.
- ^
Cronenberg, David (2002).
David Cronenberg: Collected Screenplays 1: Sterero, Crimes of the Future, Shivers, Rabid
. Faber & Faber.
ISBN
0571210171
.
Works cited
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
Wikiquote has quotations related to
Shivers
.
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