City in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia
City in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia
Severodvinsk
Северодвинск
|
---|
|
|
Flag
Coat of arms
|
Anthem:
Anthem of Severodvinsk
[3]
|
|
Location of Severodvinsk
Show map of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Severodvinsk (European Russia)
Show map of European Russia
Severodvinsk (Europe)
Show map of Europe
|
Coordinates:
64°34′N
39°52′E
/
64.567°N 39.867°E
/
64.567; 39.867
|
Country
| Russia
|
---|
Federal subject
| Arkhangelsk Oblast
[2]
|
---|
Founded
| 1936
[4]
|
---|
|
? Body
| City Council of Deputies
[5]
|
---|
? Mayor
[7]
| Igor Skubenko
[
ru
]
(since 2017)
[6]
|
---|
Elevation
| 7 m (23 ft)
|
---|
|
? Total
| 192,353
|
---|
? Rank
| 95th
in 2010
|
---|
|
?
Subordinated to
| city of oblast significance
of Severodvinsk
[9]
|
---|
?
Capital
of
| city of oblast significance of Severodvinsk
[9]
|
---|
|
?
Urban okrug
| Severodvinsk Urban Okrug
[10]
|
---|
?
Capital
of
| Severodvinsk Urban Okrug
[10]
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC+3
(
MSK
[11]
)
|
---|
Postal code(s)
[12]
| 164500?164502, 164504, 164505, 164507, 164509, 164510, 164512, 164514, 164515, 164518, 164520?164524, 164529
|
---|
Dialing code(s)
| +7 81842
[13]
|
---|
OKTMO
ID
| 11730000001
|
---|
City Day
| Last Sunday of July
[14]
|
---|
Website
| www
.severodvinsk
.info
|
---|
Severodvinsk
(
Russian
:
Северодви?нск
;
IPA:
[s??v??r?d?v?insk]
) is a
city
in the north of
Arkhangelsk Oblast
,
Russia
, located in the
delta
of the
Northern Dvina
, 35 kilometers (22 mi) west of
Arkhangelsk
, the
administrative center
of the
oblast
. As of the
2021 Census
, the population was 157,213.
[15]
Due to the presence of important military shipyards (specialising in submarines since the Soviet period), Severodvinsk is an access-restricted town for foreign citizens. A special permit is required.
[16]
It was previously known as
Sudostroy
(until 1938),
[4]
and
Molotovsk
(until 1957).
[4]
History
[
edit
]
Pre-20th century
[
edit
]
Vikings
explored the territories around the North Dvina River - part of
Bjarmaland
- at the start of the second millennium. British and Norman
[4]
[
need quotation to verify
]
ships came to these places for mining, fur and fishing before the 13th century, but later the climate became colder and access to the northern seas became closed.
[
citation needed
]
The historical records first mention the settlement on the site of modern Severodvinsk in 1419, when the Swedes sailed into the bay and burnt down the
Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery
that stood by the shore during the
Swedish?Novgorodian Wars
. Tradition has it that
Saint Euphemius
, an
Orthodox
missionary
in
Karelia
, founded this monastery. The abbey stood in ruins until 1471, when two sons of
Marfa Boretskaya
died in a vicious storm; their bodies were recovered on the beach near the monastery twelve days later. At the urging of Boretskaya, the monastery was restored and her sons were buried there.
On August 24, 1553, a ship of
Richard Chancellor
reached the salt-mining settlement of
Nyonoksa
, which is still famous for its traditional wooden architecture. The British sailors visited the Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery, where they were surprised to find a community of "sailors in
soutanes
(cassocks)" and a pier large enough to accommodate several ships.
[
citation needed
]
The main church of this extraordinary establishment was dedicated to
Saint Nicholas
, the holy
patron
of sailors; hence, the whole
White Sea
became known in 16th-century English maps as "St. Nicholas Bay". In late 1613, during the
Time of Troubles
in Russia, Polish-Lithuanian vagabonds, the
Lisowczycy
, captured and looted Severodvinsk with the monastery.
The Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery flourished after the establishment of the
Muscovy Company
, as the bulk of their trade passed through the local harbor. In August 1618 the harbour was visited by
John Tradescant the elder
, who conducted a survey of an island situated opposite the monastery. This island became known to the British as "Rose Island", because it was there that Tradescant found an exceedingly rare plant which he named "
Rosa moscovita
" (which is now known as
Rosa acicularis
) and brought back to
London
.
[17]
The surviving buildings of the monastery were constructed at the close of the
Muscovite
period. The five-domed cathedral of St. Nicholas was built between 1670 and 1674, preceded by the Assumption church (1664?1667), to which it is joined by a gallery. Several decades later, the walls and towers were built of timber; the Soviets transported the best-preserved of these towers to
Kolomenskoye
,
Moscow
, where it still remains.
Modern city
[
edit
]
Severodvinsk is the second-largest city in Arkhangelsk Oblast. Its main industry remains defense-related ? the construction and repair of
submarines
at the huge Northern Machine-building Enterprise
SEVMASH
(Северное Машиностроительное Предприятие-СЕВМАШ). The Soviet Union's first
nuclear submarine
Leninsky Komsomol
was built here in 1957. At the beginning of the 1980s the world's largest submarine, a
Typhoon class
, was also built here, later recorded in the
Guinness Book of World Records
.
The modern city of Severodvinsk developed in the Soviet period. As it began to be built it was called
Sudostroy
(
Судострой
- "Boat-build").
[4]
It received town status in 1938 and until 1957 was named
Molotovsk
(
Молотовск
), after
Vyacheslav Molotov
.
[4]
On September 12, 1957 it was renamed Severodvinsk (meaning "Northern Dvina town").
During
World War II
a significant portion of the materials delivered by the
Arctic Convoys
to
Murmansk
and
Arkhangelsk
for the Soviet Union were unloaded in Severodvinsk. For example, the
Empire Elgar
, a British
heavy lift ship
that arrived in Arkhangelsk with convoy
PQ 16
and subsequently spent eight weeks unloading ships from the ill-fated
convoy PQ 17
.
A Russian naval-base supports the sea trials of nuclear submarines from the major submarine construction- (64.5817 N, 39.8307 E) and repair-facilities located in the area. In Soviet times the 17th-century buildings of the Nikolo-Korelsky monastery, located on the territory of the shipyard, were adapted and used for shipbuilding purposes.
[18]
In recent years the monastery buildings, specifically the main church, have been restored and re-consecrated. Church-goers attending services have to be shipyard workers or able to obtain a pass to enter the church portion of the shipyard.
Severodvinsk is an access-restricted town for foreign citizens. A special pass is required.
[16]
On 8 August 2019 a
nuclear accident
took place on Russian Navy's Central Missile Range in
Nyonoksa
, 30 km to the west from Severodvinsk.
[19]
Administrative and municipal status
[
edit
]
Within the
framework of administrative divisions
, it is, together with eleven
rural localities
, incorporated as the
city of oblast significance
of Severodvinsk
?an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
.
[9]
As a
municipal division
, the city of oblast significance of Severodvinsk is incorporated as
Severodvinsk Urban Okrug
.
[10]
Demographics
[
edit
]
Population:
192,353 (
2010 Russian census
)
;
[8]
201,551 (
2002 Census
)
;
[20]
248,670 (
1989 Soviet census
)
.
[21]
Population of Severodvinsk from 1939 to the present
1939
|
1944
|
1959
|
1962
|
1967
|
1970
|
1973
|
21,000
|
28,900
|
78,657
|
97,000
|
121,000
|
144,672
|
160,000
|
1975
|
1976
|
1979
|
1982
|
1985
|
1986
|
1987
|
177,000
|
177,000
|
197,232
|
214,000
|
238,000
|
233,000
|
239,000
|
1989
|
1990
|
1991
|
1992
|
1993
|
1994
|
1995
|
248,670
|
255,000
|
252,000
|
250,000
|
245,000
|
243,000
|
246,000
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
244,000
|
237,000
|
239,000
|
231,800
|
229,300
|
232,800
|
201,551
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
201,600
|
199,300
|
197,400
|
195,200
|
193,200
|
191,400
|
188,855
|
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
2014
|
2015
|
2016
|
192,353
|
191,794
|
190,083
|
188,539
|
187,284
|
186,172
|
185,075
|
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
2021
|
2022
|
2023
|
183,996
|
183,255
|
182,291
|
181,990
|
180,806
|
|
|
From 1950 until 1990,
high-tech
industries generated demand for a considerable quantity of suitably qualified experts and workers which prompted growth in population. Since 1992, the population has declined due to economic crises and unemployment that has provoked significant migration from the city.
Geography
[
edit
]
Location
[
edit
]
The city is located near the Nikolsky mouth of the
Northern Dvina
at its confluence with the
White Sea
, 35 km northwest of
Arkhangelsk
,
administrative centre
of
the region
.
The area of Severodvinsk Urban Okrug, which includes the city of Severodvinsk and nearby rural settlements, is 1,193.49 square kilometres (460.81 sq mi), which is more than the area of
Moscow
within the
MKAD
. It is due to the fact that in addition to the city of Severodvinsk a large forest area with its settlements (villages and dachas) to the south and west of the city is included in the boundaries of Severodvinsk Urban Okrug itself. The area of the city within the
city
limits is 120.5 square kilometres (46.5 sq mi).
The city is located at a latitude of 64°34′N, which means that it is possible to observe the
northern lights
.
Climate
[
edit
]
Climate in Severodvinsk is
subarctic
according to the
Koppen climate classification
. Summers are cool and winters are very cold. The average winter temperature is lower than in the central, southern and even some northern (such as
Saint-Petersburg
) regions of the
European part of Russia
. In december the Sun rises after 9 am and sets before 4 pm. But from May 17 to July 27
white nights
are observed in the city.
Climate data for Severodvinsk (2010-2019)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
3.5
(38.3)
|
5.0
(41.0)
|
10.4
(50.7)
|
19.6
(67.3)
|
31.2
(88.2)
|
30.9
(87.6)
|
35.9
(96.6)
|
29.9
(85.8)
|
26.9
(80.4)
|
15.8
(60.4)
|
9.8
(49.6)
|
3.7
(38.7)
|
35.9
(96.6)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?9.4
(15.1)
|
?7.3
(18.9)
|
?4.1
(24.6)
|
1.4
(34.5)
|
8
(46)
|
11.8
(53.2)
|
15
(59)
|
13.3
(55.9)
|
9.1
(48.4)
|
3
(37)
|
?1.5
(29.3)
|
?4.5
(23.9)
|
3
(37)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?36.3
(?33.3)
|
?34
(?29)
|
?29.6
(?21.3)
|
?16.6
(2.1)
|
?3.9
(25.0)
|
1.3
(34.3)
|
3.7
(38.7)
|
3.7
(38.7)
|
?1.4
(29.5)
|
?12.1
(10.2)
|
?20.6
(?5.1)
|
?28.8
(?19.8)
|
?36.6
(?33.9)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
32
(1.3)
|
26
(1.0)
|
22
(0.9)
|
29
(1.1)
|
28
(1.1)
|
70
(2.8)
|
71
(2.8)
|
93
(3.7)
|
57
(2.2)
|
57
(2.2)
|
41
(1.6)
|
41
(1.6)
|
566
(22.3)
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
85
|
83
|
78
|
73
|
65
|
70
|
73
|
77
|
82
|
86
|
87
|
87
|
79
|
Source:
http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/summary/22546.htm
|
Economy
[
edit
]
Industry
[
edit
]
The main role of the city has been, and remains, the production and repair of submarines and military ships. During the
Cold War
, the city prospered, but with the decline and break-up of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War the city has declined. The city's large military enterprises have survived the economic crises of the 1990s and have adjusted to new economic conditions. Severodvinsk now has the largest shipbuilding yard in Russia for large ships (tankers, cargo ships).
Large and military factories
[
edit
]
- core line of business is the construction and repair of submarines and other naval ships, as well as civilian vessels and
oil platforms
- Repair of submarines, military and civil ships, construction of oil platforms and faceting of diamonds.
- "Severny Reyd"
(
Северный рейд
("Northern Raid")
)
- Manufacture of marine equipment.
- "Arktika"
(
Арктика
("Arctic")
)
- Manufacture of automated equipment.
Transportation
[
edit
]
Severodvinsk is the terminal station of a railway line which splits off at
Isakogorka
station from the line connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk.
The
Kudemskaya narrow-gauge railway
in 2010 has appeared in Forbes ranking, of 10 most beautiful railway routes of the world.
Sport
[
edit
]
Sport teams representing Severodvinsk in city, regional and all-Russian competitions:
- "Sevmash" (also represents Northern Machine-building Enterprise) -
football
,
futsal
,
ice hockey
,
bandy
,
volleyball
,
floorball
;
- "Zvezdochka" (also represents "Zvezdochka" enterprise) - football, futsal, hockey, volleyball;
- "Sever" - bandy.
Social sphere
[
edit
]
Education
[
edit
]
There are 32 middle schools of general education in Severodvinsk, including special schools for orphans and handicapped children; two musical schools and two art schools.
Secondary vocational education institutions
[
edit
]
- Technical College (part of the
Northern (Arctic) Federal University
since 2011)
- Technical School of Construction, Design and Technology
- Technical School of Shipbuilding and Engineering
- Technical School of Shipbuilding and Ship Repair
- Technical School of Social Infrastructure
- Technical School of Wiring and Communication
- College of Management and Information Technology
- Branch of
Arkhangelsk
Medical College
Higher education institutions
[
edit
]
The city hosts branches of the following institutions:
Monuments
[
edit
]
There are nearly twenty monuments and memorial complexes in the city, including:
- a monument honoring the city founders on Pashaeva Square (a 30-meter sculpture);
- a monument to the renowned Russian scientist
Mikhail Lomonosov
, who was born in the region. One of the city's central streets is named after him;
- two monuments to
Vladimir Lenin
;
- the city gate, on the road from Arkhangelsk;
- a monument to the home front workers of World War II;
- military memorial complex on Yagry island which includes monument to World War II participants "The Grieving Motherland", monuments to the victims of the
Kursk submarine disaster
and the liquidators of the
Chernobyl disaster
.
Cultural heritage
[
edit
]
Fifteen objects in Severodvinsk are protected as cultural heritage monuments
[22]
In particular, the
Nyonokotsky Pogost
in the village of
Nyonoksa
is protected as an architecture monument on the federal level. This is one of the few surviving triple wooden church ensembles, consisting of two churches (a bigger, not heated, church used in the summer, a smaller, heated church used in the winter) and a bell-tower. Nyonoksa was also notable for salt production.
In addition, the wooden Church Resurrection of Christ, currently located on Yagry Island in the northern part of Severodvinsk, was relocated there in 1990s and was the first religious building open in the city. The church was built in the end of 19th century in the village of
Solza
about 20 kilometers (12 mi) from Severodvinsk.
The stone church of St. Nicholas is located in the eastern portion of the SEVMASH Shipyard. The church building is the last remnant of the Svyato-Nikolskoye Monastery which served as the gateway to the pilgrimage monastery on the Solovetskiy Islands from the 15th century.
City in culture
[
edit
]
- K-19: The Widowmaker
- Nuclear underwater epic, film of
Discovery Channel
- Documentary film of Alexandr Ipatov, "Severodvinsk, a bird's-eye view" (Russian "Северодвинск, вид с высоты птичьего полёта")
- Seven Days
, Season 1, Episode 13, "Last Breath"
Notable people
[
edit
]
- Polina Agafonova
, Russian figure skater, was born in Severodvinsk in 1996.
- Svetlana Klyukina
, Russian artistic gymnast and a member of Russian Olympic team on
2008 Summer Olympics
, was born in Severodvinsk in 1989.
- Marina Prusakova
, widow of
Lee Harvey Oswald
, the assassin of US President
John F. Kennedy
in 1963, was born in Molotovsk in 1941.
[23]
- Olga Rukavishnikova
, Soviet athlete who mainly competed in the women's pentathlon event during her career, was born in Molotovsk in 1955.
- Mikhail Suprun
, Russian historian and professor of the Pomor State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, was born in Molotovsk in 1955.
- Maria Kursova
, professional chess player representing Armenia
Twin towns and sister cities
[
edit
]
Severodvinsk is
twinned
with:
References
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. ≪
Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 11 430 005
≫, в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г..
(State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997
Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 11 430 005
, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^
Law #65-5-OZ, Article 15.1.1
- ^
Decision #123
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Severodvinsk?test of strength (Russian), "Pravda Severa" publishing house, 1998
- ^
Charter of Severodvinsk, Article 33.1.1
- ^
Official website of the Administration of Severodvinsk.
Mikhail Arkadyevich Gmyrin, Mayor of Severodvinsk
(in Russian)
- ^
Charter of Severodvinsk, Article 33.1.2
- ^
a
b
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]
(in Russian).
Federal State Statistics Service
.
- ^
a
b
c
Oblast Law #65-5-OZ
- ^
a
b
c
Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ
- ^
"Об исчислении времени"
.
Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
(in Russian). June 3, 2011
. Retrieved
January 19,
2019
.
- ^
Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (
Russian Post
).
Поиск объектов почтовой связи
(
Postal Objects Search
)
(in Russian)
- ^
Телефонный код города Северодвинск
(in Russian). Коды городов
. Retrieved
August 26,
2011
.
- ^
Charter of Severodvinsk, Article 1.3
- ^
"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
.
Federal State Statistics Service
. Retrieved
September 1,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
"What is Unreachable in Arkhangelsk Region - The Official Tourist Web Portal of Arkhangelsk Region of Russian Federation"
.
www.pomorland.travel
. Archived from
the original
on August 8, 2014.
- ^
Hamel, Joseph (January 1999).
England and Russia: Comprising the Voyages of John Tradescant, the Elder..
. Adamant Media Corporation. p. 282.
ISBN
1-4021-8427-1
.
- ^
"XX век"
(in Russian). Управление образования Северодвинска
. Retrieved
August 26,
2011
.
- ^
"New Russian government data on August 8 explosion reveals that a nuclear reactor was definitely involved"
.
meduza.io
. Retrieved
August 31,
2019
.
- ^
Federal State Statistics Service
(May 21, 2004).
Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов ? районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек
[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities?Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000]
(XLS)
.
Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]
(in Russian).
- ^
Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров
[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]
(in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via
Demoscope Weekly
.
- ^
Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации
(in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture
. Retrieved
June 2,
2016
.
- ^
Голубцова, Ольга Валентиновна (1993).
Русская жена убийцы президента: Молотовск-Даллас
(in Russian). Северодвинск.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
Sources
[
edit
]
- Местный референдум. 16 июня 1996 г. ≪Устав муниципального образования "Северодвинск"≫, в ред. Решения №27 от 25 марта 2010 г ≪О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав Северодвинска≫. Опубликован: "Северный рабочий", №196, 15 октября 1996 г.
(Local referendum. June 16, 1996
Charter of the Municipal Formation of "Severodvinsk"
, as amended by the Decision #27 of March 25, 2010
On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of Severodvinsk
. ).
- Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №65-5-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2009 г. ≪Об административно-территориальном устройстве Архангельской области≫, в ред. Областного закона №232-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. ≪О внесении изменений в отдельные Областные Законы в сфере осуществления местного самоуправления и взаимодействия с некоммерческими организациями≫. Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №43, 6 октября 2009 г.
(Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #65-5-OZ of September 23, 2009
On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Arkhangelsk Oblast
, as amended by the Oblast Law #232-13-OZ of December 16, 2014
On Amending Various Oblast Laws Dealing with the Process of Municipal Self-Government and Relations with Non-Profit Organizations
. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
- Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №258-внеоч.-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2004 г. ≪О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области≫, в ред. Областного закона №224-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. ≪Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов Соловецкого района Архангельской области и о внесении изменения в статью 46 Областного закона "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области"≫. Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г.
(Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004
On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast
, as amended by the Oblast Law #224-13-OZ of December 16, 2014
On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities in Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and on Amending Article 46 of the Oblast Law "On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast"
. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
- Муниципальный Совет Северодвинска. Решение №123 от 28 октября 2004 г. ≪Об утверждении Положения "О гимне города Северодвинска"≫. Вступил в силу с момента опубликования. Опубликован: "Северный рабочий" ("Вестник муниципального Совета Северодвинска"), №198?200, 14 декабря 2004 г.
(Municipal Council of Severodvinsk. Decision #123 of October 28, 2004
On the Adoption of the Provision "On the Anthem of the City of Severodvinsk"
. Effective as of the moment of publication.).
External links
[
edit
]
|
---|
Key locations
| | |
---|
Monasteries
| |
---|
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Geographic
| |
---|