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Setaria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the grass genus. For the roundworm genus, see Setaria (roundworm) . For the lichen genus, see Bryoria .

Foxtail
Setaria parviflora in Hawai'i
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade : Tracheophytes
Clade : Angiosperms
Clade : Monocots
Clade : Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Panicodae
Tribe: Paniceae
Subtribe: Cenchrinae
Genus: Setaria
P.Beauv. 1812, conserved name not Ach. ex Michx. 1803 (a lichen ) [1] [2]
Type species
Setaria viridis
Synonyms [4]
  • Acrochaete Peter
  • Chaetochloa Scribn.
  • Cymbosetaria Schweick.
  • Camusiella Bosser
  • Tansaniochloa Rauschert
caption=Setaria distantiflora (A.Rich.) Pilg., herbarium sheet
caption=Setaria distantiflora (A.Rich.) Pilg., herbarium sheet

Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family . [5] [6] The name is derived from the Latin word seta , meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets. [7]

The genus includes over 100 species distributed in many tropical and temperate regions around the world, [8] and members are commonly known as foxtail or bristle grasses . [2] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

Description [ edit ]

The grass is topped by a cylindrical long-haired head, which tend to droop when ripe. The seeds are less than 6 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 4 inch) in length. [14]

Species [ edit ]

As of May 2024 , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: [15]

Formerly included [4]

Numerous species were once considered members of Setaria but have since been reassigned to the following genera: Brachiaria , Dissochondrus , Echinochloa , Holcolemma , Ixophorus , Oplismenus , Panicum , Pennisetum , Pseudoraphis , Setariopsis , and Urochloa

Uses [ edit ]

The grains can be eaten raw, though are hard and can be bitter; boiling can reduce both of these properties. [14]

Several species have been domesticated and used as staple crops throughout history: foxtail millet ( S. italica ), korali ( S. pumila ) in India, and, before the full domestication of maize , Setaria macrostachya in Mexico. [16] Several species are still cultivated today as food or as animal fodder, such as foxtail millet and korali ( S. pumila ), while others are considered invasive weeds . [17] S. italica and S. viridis are being developed as genetic model systems for the study of monocots and bioenergy grasses. [18]

Other species that have been cultivated as crops include S. palmifolia (highland pitpit) of Papua New Guinea , where it is cultivated as a green vegetable; S. parviflora (knot-root foxtail), historically cultivated in Mesoamerica ; and S. sphacelata (African bristle grass) of Sudan, a "lost millet" of Nubia . [19]

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Tropicos, Setaria Ach. ex Michx.
  2. ^ a b "Genus: Setaria P. Beauv" . Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05 . Retrieved 2013-11-16 .
  3. ^ lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(3): 156 (1920)
  4. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie Francois Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie page 51 in Latin
  6. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie Francois Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XIII (13), figure III (3) line drawing of Setaria viridis
  7. ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology . Vol. 4: R-Q. CRC Press. p. 2470. ISBN   0-8493-2673-7 .
  8. ^ Aliscioni, S., et al. An overview of the genus Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in the Old World: Systematic revision and phylogenetic approach. Abstract. Botany 2004. Salt Lake City. August 3, 2004.
  9. ^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 499, 531 狗尾草? gou wei cao shu Setaria P. Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 51. 1812
  10. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  11. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana Archived 2015-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Atlas of Living Australia
  13. ^ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
  14. ^ a b The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants . United States Department of the Army . New York: Skyhorse Publishing . 2009. p. 56. ISBN   978-1-60239-692-0 . OCLC   277203364 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: others ( link )
  15. ^ " Setaria P.Beauv." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2024-06-07 .
  16. ^ Diao, Xianmin; Jia, Guanqing (2017). "Origin and Domestication of Foxtail Millet". Genetics and Genomics of Setaria . Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. Vol. 19. pp. 61?72. doi : 10.1007/978-3-319-45105-3_4 . ISBN   978-3-319-45103-9 . ISSN   2363-9601 .
  17. ^ Dekker, Jack (29 February 2004). "4". In Inderjit (ed.). Weed Biology and Management . Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 65?67. ISBN   9781402017612 .
  18. ^ Li, P.; Brutnell, T. P. (2011-03-31). "Setaria viridis and Setaria italica, model genetic systems for the Panicoid grasses" . Journal of Experimental Botany . 62 (9): 3031?3037. doi : 10.1093/jxb/err096 . ISSN   0022-0957 . PMID   21459768 .
  19. ^ Fuller, Dorian Q. (2014). "Millets: Origins and Development". Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology . New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 4945?4948. doi : 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2181 . ISBN   978-1-4419-0426-3 . S2CID   129203615 .

External links [ edit ]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Setaria .
Wikispecies has information related to Setaria .
  • Setaria . California Department of Food and Agriculture.
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