Rural council
A
selsoviet
(
Belarusian
:
сельсавет
,
romanized
:
sieł'saviet
;
Russian
:
сельсовет
,
romanized
:
sel'sovet
,
IPA:
[?s?el?s??v??t]
;
Ukrainian
:
с?льрада
,
romanized
:
sil'rada
) is the shortened name for a
rural council
(
Belarusian
:
се?льскi саве?т
;
Russian
:
се?льский сове?т
;
Ukrainian
:
с?льська? ра?да
) and for the area governed by such a council (
soviet
).
Selsoviets were the lowest level of administrative division in rural areas in the
Soviet Union
. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, they were preserved as a third tier of administrative-territorial division throughout
Ukraine
,
Belarus
, and many of the
federal subjects of Russia
.
A selsoviet is a rural administrative division of a
raion
that includes one or several smaller rural localities and is in a subordination to its respective raion administration.
The name refers to the local rural self-administration, the rural soviet (council), a part of the Soviet system of administration. A selsoviet was headed by a chairman, who had to be appointed by higher administration.
For a considerable period of Soviet history,
passports
of rural residents were stored in selsoviet offices, and people could not move outside their area of residence without the permission of selsoviet.
Selsoviets in Russia
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Division into selsoviets as administrative-territorial units remained after the
dissolution of the Soviet Union
in many of the
federal subjects of Russia
.
In modern Russia, a selsoviet is a
type of an administrative division
of a
district
in a federal subject of Russia, which is equal in status to a
town of district significance
or an
urban-type settlement of district significance
, but is organized around a
rural locality
(as opposed to a town or an
urban-type settlement
). In some federal subjects, selsoviets were replaced with
municipal rural settlements
, which, in turn, were granted status of administrative-territorial units.
Prior to the adoption of the 1993
Constitution of Russia
, this type of administrative division had a uniform definition on the whole territory of the
Russian SFSR
. After the adoption of the 1993 Constitution, the administrative-territorial structure of the federal subjects is no longer identified as the responsibility of the federal government or as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the federal subjects.
[1]
This state of the matters is traditionally interpreted by the governments of the federal subjects as a sign that the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions are the sole responsibility of the federal subjects themselves.
[1]
As a result, the modern administrative-territorial structures of the federal subjects vary significantly from one federal subject to another; that includes the manner in which the selsoviets are organized and the choice of a term to refer to such entities.
As of 2013, the following types of such entities are recognized:
- Inhabited locality
(
населённый пункт
): in
Krasnoyarsk Krai
(together with selsoviets)
- Rural administration
(
сельская администрация
): in the
Republic of Kalmykia
and in
Tula Oblast
(together with rural okrugs, rural territories, and volosts)
- Rural administrative okrug
(
сельский административный округ
): in
Bryansk Oblast
- Rural okrug
(
сельский округ
): in the
Mari El Republic
, the
Republic of North Ossetia?Alania
, and the
Sakha Republic
; in
Krasnodar Krai
(together with stanitsa okrugs); in
Belgorod
,
Kaliningrad
,
Kirov
,
Omsk
,
Ryazan
, Tula (together with rural administrations, rural territories, and volosts),
Tyumen
,
Ulyanovsk
, and
Yaroslavl Oblasts
- Rural settlement
(
сельское поселение
): in the
Altai
and the
Chuvash Republics
; in
Amur
,
Moscow
,
Rostov
,
Smolensk
,
Tver
, and
Voronezh Oblasts
- Rural territory
(
сельская территория
): in
Kemerovo Oblast
and Tula Oblast (together with rural administrations, rural okrugs, and volosts)
- Rural-type settlement administrative territory
(
административная территория ? посёлок сельского типа
): in the
Komi Republic
(together with selo administrative territories)
- Selo administrative territory
(
административная территория ? село
): in the Komi Republic (together with rural-type settlement administrative territories)
- Selsoviet
(
сельсовет
): in the
Republics of Bashkortostan
,
Buryatia
(together with somons),
Dagestan
,
Khakassia
(together with settlement councils),
Mordovia
, and the
Udmurt Republic
; in
Altai
(together with settlement administrations), Krasnoyarsk (together with inhabited localities), and
Stavropol Krais
; in
Arkhangelsk
,
Astrakhan
,
Chelyabinsk
,
Kurgan
,
Kursk
,
Lipetsk
,
Nizhny Novgorod
,
Orenburg
(together with settlement councils),
Oryol
,
Penza
,
Tambov
,
Volgograd
, and
Vologda Oblasts
; in
Nenets Autonomous Okrug
(together with settlements)
- Settlement
(
поселение
): in
Kostroma
and
Novgorod Oblasts
- Settlement
(
посёлок
): in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (together with selsoviets)
- Settlement administration
(
поселковая администрация
): in Altai Krai (together with selsoviets)
- Settlement council
(
поссовет
): in the Republic of Khakassia (together with selsoviets) and in Orenburg Oblast (together with selsoviets)
- Settlement municipal formation
(
муниципальное образование со статусом поселения
): in
Leningrad Oblast
- Somon
(
сомон
): in the Republic of Buryatia (together with selsoviets)
- Sumon
(
сумон
): in the
Republic of Tuva
- Stanitsa okrug
(
станичный округ
): in Krasnodar Krai (together with rural okrugs)
- Territorial okrug
(
территориальный округ
): in
Murmansk Oblast
- Volost
(
волость
): in
Pskov Oblast
and Tula Oblast (together with rural administrations, rural okrugs, and rural territories)
See also
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References
[
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]
- ^
a
b
"Энциклопедический словарь конституционного права". Статья "Административно-территориальное устройство". Сост. А. А. Избранов. ? Мн.: Изд. В.М. Суров, 2001.