War between the Tsardom of Russia and Sweden
The
Russo-Swedish War of 1590?1595
was instigated by
Boris Godunov
in the hope of gaining the territory of the
Duchy of Estonia
along the
Gulf of Finland
belonging to
Sweden
since the previous
Livonian War
.
As soon as the
Truce of Plussa
expired early in 1590, a large Russian army led by Godunov and his sickly brother-in-law,
Feodor I of Russia
, marched from
Moscow
towards
Novgorod
. On 18 January they crossed the river
Narva
and laid siege to the Swedish castle of
Narva
, commanded by
Arvid Stalarm
. Another important fortress,
Jama
(Jamburg), fell to Russian forces within two weeks. Simultaneously, the Russians ravaged
Estonia
as far as
Reval
(Tallinn) and
Finland
as far as
Helsingfors
(Helsinki).
On 25 February, the local Swedish governor,
Carl Henriksson Horn af Kanckas
, was compelled to sign an
armistice
, which obliged Sweden to surrender the territories won by the
Treaty of Plussa
? namely Jama,
Koporye
, and
Ivangorod
. This peace settlement displeased
John III of Sweden
, who sent a fleet to take hold of Ivangorod, but this attempt to besiege the fortress was checked by a Russian castellan. Matters then remained quiet until summer 1591, when the Swedes struck against
Gdov
, capturing a local governor, Prince Vladimir
Dolgorukov
.
The other war theatre was
East Karelia
, where the Swedes sacked
Kola
and other Russian settlements bordering the
White Sea
. A raiding party allegedly led by Finnish peasant chief
Pekka Vesainen
, destroyed the
Pechenga Monastery
on 25 December 1589, killing 50 monks and 65 lay brothers. He then turned his troops to
Kola Fjord
but could not manage to destroy the Kola Fortress due to lack of men. Instead he captured and burned
Kandalaksha
(Kantalahti) and a small Russian settlement in
Kem
. Again, due to lack of men, he could not capture the
Solovetsky Monastery
on the
Solovetsky Islands
.
Godunov's government gradually overcame those setbacks, as Prince
Volkonsky
was sent to pacify Karelia, and the noblest Russian generals
Bogdan Belsky
,
Fedor Mstislavsky
, and Prince
Trubetskoy
devastated Finland. Then, the war settled into indecisive skirmishing from which it would not subsequently emerge. Three years elapsed before Sweden, in May 1595, agreed to sign the
Treaty of Teusina
(Tyavzino, Tyavzin, Tayssina). It restored to Russia all territory ceded in the Treaty of Plussa of 1583 to Sweden except for Narva. Russia had to renounce all claims on Estonia, including Narva, and Sweden's sovereignty over Estonia from 1561 was confirmed.
[7]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Sundberg, Ulf (2002).
Svenska krig 1521-1814
(in Swedish) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Hogberg. p. 75.
ISBN
9789189080140
.
Lugnet lagrar sig och kvarstar fram till den 18 maj 1595, da Freden i Teusina sluts. Freden kan betecknas som bra for Sverige.
- ^
KISER, EDGAR, et al. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REVOLT AND WAR IN EARLY MODERN WESTERN EUROPE.” Journal of Political & Military Sociology, vol. 22, no. 2, 1994, pp. 305?24. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/45371312
Archived
8 April 2023 at the
Wayback Machine
. Accessed 6 December 2023.
- ^
Roberts, Michael (10 July 2014).
Gustavas Adolphus
. Routledge.
ISBN
978-1-317-89576-3
.
Archived
from the original on 7 January 2024
. Retrieved
26 December
2023
.
- ^
"Archived copy"
.
Archived
from the original on 6 December 2022
. Retrieved
6 January
2024
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
)
- ^
https://web.archive.org/web/20071029024931/http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/1570.asp
- ^
"Relations With Sweden | Encyclopedia.com"
.
www.encyclopedia.com
.
Archived
from the original on 18 December 2023
. Retrieved
18 December
2023
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Black, Jeremy (28 March 1996).
The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792
. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN
978-0-521-47033-9
.
Archived
from the original on 7 December 2023
. Retrieved
2 December
2023
.
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Related
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Internal
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Tsardom of
Russia
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18th?19th
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20th
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21st
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