Anglo-Saxon infant saint (born and died 662)
Rumbold
or
Rumwold
was a medieval infant
saint
in
England
, said to have lived for three days in 662. He is said to have been full of
Christian
piety despite his young age, and able to speak from the moment of his birth, professing his faith, requesting
baptism
, and delivering a
sermon
prior to his early death. Several churches were dedicated to him, of which at least four survive, one being at
Pentridge
in Dorset.
Name
[
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]
His name has a number of alternative spellings: Rumbold, Rumwold, Rumwald and Rumbald.
[2]
Rumbold is the more common name used today, with streets in Buckingham and Lincoln being spelt this way.
Hagiography
[
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]
According to the 11th-century
hagiography
,
Vita Sancti Rumwoldi
, he was the grandson of
Penda of Mercia
(a
pagan
), and the son of a king of
Northumbria
.
His parents are not actually named; the most likely candidates are
Alhfrith
, son of
Oswiu of Northumbria
, and his wife Cyneburh, daughter of Penda. But there are difficulties with this identification: Alhfrith never ruled Northumbria himself, unlike his father, only the subkingdom of
Deira
. Also the Northumbrian king is described as a pagan, but according to
Bede
, Alhfrith was a Christian and convinced Penda's son
Peada
to convert to Christianity too.
Although it has been stated that Cyneburh is not known to have had any children, Northumbrian genealogy states she and Alhfrith had a further son, Osric, who subsequently became King of Northumbria himself.
In the
Vita
, Rumwold's mother is described as a pious Christian who, when married to a pagan king, tells him that she will not consummate the marriage until he converts to Christianity; he does so, and she becomes pregnant. The two are called by Penda to come to him when the time of her birth is near, but she gives birth during the journey, and immediately after being born the infant is said to have cried out:
Christianus sum, christianus sum, christianus sum
[
transl.
I am a Christian, I am a Christian, I am a Christian
]. He went on to further profess his faith, to request baptism, and to ask to be named "Rumwold", afterwards giving a sermon. He predicted his own death, and said where he wanted his body to be laid to rest, in
Buckingham
.
[
citation needed
]
Rumwold is reported to have been born in Walton Grounds, near
King's Sutton
in
Northamptonshire
, which was at that time part of the Mercian royal estates, possessing a court house and other instruments of government. The field in which he was born, where a chapel once stood on the supposed spot, may still be seen. King's Sutton parish church claims that its Saxon or Norman font may well have been the one where Rumwold was baptised. Rumwold was baptized by Bishop Widerin.
[6]
There are two wells associated with his name: in
Astrop
, just outside King's Sutton, and at
Brackley
and Buckingham, where his relics once lay.
[7]
Church dedications largely follow the missionary activity of Saint
Wilfrid
,
[
citation needed
]
but once spread as far as
North Yorkshire
,
Lincoln
,
Essex
and
Dorset
.
[
citation needed
]
Boxley Abbey
in
Kent
had a famous statue of the saint. It was small and of a weight so small a child could lift it, but at times it supposedly became so heavy even strong people could not lift it. According to tradition, only those could lift it who had never sinned.
[8]
Upon the
Dissolution of the Monasteries
in England, it was discovered that the statue was held or released by a wooden pin by an unseen person behind the statue.
[9]
In 2005, the former church of Saint Rumwold in Lincoln, which is now a college, erected a plaque to celebrate the connection.
St. Rumbold of Mechelen
[
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]
A statue of St. Rombout,
Hanswijk Basilica, Mechelen
There has been some historical confounding between Rumwold of Buckingham and
Rumbold of Mechelen
. The latter is locally known by the Latin name
Rumoldus
and in particular his name in Dutch,
Rombout
(in French spelled as
Rombaut
), and assumedly never called Rum
w
old. His usual names in English are Rumold, Rumbold, Rombout, and Rombaut. A compilation about three saints' lives as translated by Rosalind Love shows that an unknown author "corrected" a 15th-century attribution as "martyr" (assumedly Rumbold, who was murdered in
Mechelen
) by annotating "confessor" .
References
[
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]
Sources
[
edit
]
- Love, Rosalind C. (1996).
Three Eleventh-Century Anglo-Latin Saint's Lives ? Vita S. Birini, Vita et Miracula S. Kenelmi, Vita S. Rumwoldi
. Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press.
ISBN
9780198205241
.
- Kirby, David P. (1991).
The Earliest English Kings
. London: Unwin Hyman.
ISBN
0-04-445691-3
.
External links
[
edit
]
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East Saxon
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Frisian,
Frankish
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Irish and Scottish
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Kentish
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Mercian
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Northumbrian
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Roman
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West Saxon
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