Hospital in London, England
The
Royal Free Hospital
(also known simply as the
Royal Free
) is a major
teaching hospital
in the
Hampstead
area of the
London Borough of Camden
. The hospital is part of the
Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
, which also runs services at
Barnet Hospital
,
Chase Farm Hospital
and a number of other sites. The trust is a founder member of the
UCLPartners
academic health science centre
.
History
[
edit
]
Early history
[
edit
]
What became the Royal Free Hospital was founded in 1828 by the surgeon
William Marsden
to provide free care to those of little means.
[1]
It is said that one evening, Marsden found a young girl lying on the steps of
St. Andrew Church, Holborn
, dying from disease and hunger and sought help for her from one of the nearby hospitals. However, none would take the girl in and she died two days later. After this experience Marsden set up a small dispensary at 16 Greville Street,
Holborn
, called the London General Institution for the Gratuitous Care of Malignant Diseases. The hospital became the London Free Hospital in 1833, and the Free Hospital in 1835.
[1]
A
royal charter
was granted by
Queen Victoria
in 1837 to what then became the Royal Free Hospital, after it was the only hospital to stay open during the
1826?1837 cholera epidemic
[2]
and had cared for many victims.
[1]
As demand for in-patient facilities increased the hospital moved to the former barracks of the
Light Horse Volunteers
in
Gray's Inn Road
in 1844.
[1]
[4]
The north wing of the former barracks, which was rebuilt and renamed the Sussex Wing after
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
, a benefactor of the hospital, re-opened in 1856 and the south wing, which was rebuilt and renamed the Victoria Wing after Queen Victoria, re-opened in 1879.
[1]
Meanwhile, the western elevation on Gray's Inn Road, which was rebuilt and renamed the Alexandra Building after the
Princess of Wales
, was re-opened by the
Prince
and Princess of Wales in July 1895.
[1]
Some additional land was purchased and used to develop the Helena Building, named after
Princess Helena
: the building was completed in 1915 and served as the Royal Free Military Hospital for officers during the latter stages of the
First World War
before becoming the maternity wing after the war.
[1]
The
Eastman Dental Clinic
opened in a building adjacent to the main hospital in 1929.
[1]
The Victoria Wing was badly damaged by a
V-1 flying bomb
in July 1944 during the
Second World War
.
[1]
Royal Free disease
[
edit
]
In 1955 an apparent outbreak of an infectious illness, involving fever and subsequent persisting fatigue along with other symptoms, affected 292 members of staff and forced the hospital's closure between 25 July and 5 October. There was subsequently some debate as to whether the episode was of an infectious cause, or just an example of
mass hysteria
.
[5]
The outbreak was later found to have been a notable case in the UK of
myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
, and resulted in the coining of the disease's name.
[6]
Move to Hampstead
[
edit
]
By the late 1960s the site on Gray's Inn Road had become too cramped, and a modern 12-storey cruciform tower block was built in
Pond Street
,
Hampstead
on the site of the former
Hampstead General Hospital
founded by
William Heath Strange
. It opened in 1974, and was officially opened by
the Queen
in 1978 on the Royal Free's 150th anniversary.
[1]
Meanwhile, the Eastman Dental Hospital took over the whole of the Gray's Inn Road site.
[1]
The Royal Free was the first hospital in the UK to appoint a consultant in
HIV
medicine, in 1989. Professor Margaret Johnson, a specialist in
thoracic medicine
, built the Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine, which is at the forefront of treatment of HIV-
AIDS
. The out-patients' centre was opened in 1992 by the actor Sir
Ian McKellen
and is named after the actor
Ian Charleson
.
[7]
MMR vaccine controversy
[
edit
]
In February 1998, the Royal Free held a press conference to coincide with the publication in
The Lancet
of a paper by
Andrew Wakefield
who claimed to have found a possible link between the
MMR vaccine
and
autism
. This started
a controversy
which led to a crisis in public confidence over MMR and a fall in uptake of the vaccine. Wakefield left the medical school in October 2001 and was later
struck off
the UK medical register by the
General Medical Council
[8]
following an investigation by
The Sunday Times
newspaper into the MMR issue.
[9]
[10]
Ekweremadu organ trafficking case
[
edit
]
In February 2022 a Nigerian male was presented to a private renal unit at the Royal Free hospital, in an attempt to persuade doctors to carry out an £80,000 kidney transplant. For a fee, a medical secretary at the hospital acted as an interpreter between the man and the doctors, to try to convince them he was an altruistic donor. Later,
Ike Ekweremadu
was convicted of organ trafficking, along with his wife Beatrice, and a doctor, Obinna Obeta, with the aim of harvesting the man’s kidney for Ekweremadu's daughter, Sonia. The court heard that Chris Agbo, an NHS consultant nephrologist at
Hinchingbrooke hospital
in Cambridgeshire, was paid by the Ekweremadus to facilitate the proposed transplant. Agbo also helped arrange a previous successful kidney transplant at the Royal Free, involving another man suspected of being trafficked from Nigeria, the jury was told.
[11]
[12]
Education
[
edit
]
For a long time, the Royal Free was the only London hospital allowing women to study medicine, forming an association with the
London School of Medicine for Women
, under which women from the school completed their clinical studies at the hospital, from 1877. Under the Deanship of
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
, one of the school's founders, it became part of the
University of London
and in 1896 became known as the London Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine for Women.
In 1998 it merged with the
University College Hospital
's medical school to form the Royal Free and University College Medical School, renamed the
UCL Medical School
in 2008.
Facilities
[
edit
]
The Royal Free Hospital has a
high-level isolation unit
equipped to treat highly infectious diseases such as
Ebola virus disease
.
[14]
In 2014, the British nurse
William Pooley
was successfully treated for Ebola virus disease at the unit.
[14]
In December 2014,
Pauline Cafferkey
, a British health worker diagnosed with Ebola in Glasgow was transferred to the unit for treatment.
[15]
The unit has also previously been used to treat a patient with
Crimean?Congo hemorrhagic fever
.
[16]
Significant advances in the fields of liver medicine (
hepatology
) and
transplantation
;
renal disease
and
dialysis
;
haematology
and
haemophilia
have been made at the Royal Free, and the trust now treats all patients needing dialysis in north and central London. The department of liver medicine is recognised as one of the leading research units of its type in the world: it was founded by Professor Dame
Sheila Sherlock
.
[17]
Performance
[
edit
]
The hospital was rated 'good' by the
Care Quality Commission
in September 2017.
[18]
In a report of the
Care Quality Commission
completed in May 2019, Royal Free Hospital's overall surgical safety rating was downgraded from "good" to "requires improvement", due to a "large number" of "never events"?incidents so serious they should never have happened?which were partially related to "poor behaviours" by a few consultants at the Royal Free London NHS Trust and failures of the Trust's management.
[19]
Transport
[
edit
]
The Royal Free is near
Belsize Park tube station
and
Hampstead Heath railway station
, and on several bus routes. There are limited car parking facilities.
[20]
Notable staff
[
edit
]
Rachael Annie Cox-Davies
, matron from 1905 to 1922 and founding member of the
Royal College of Nursing
[21]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
"Royal Free Hospital"
. Lost hospitals of London
. Retrieved
21 May
2018
.
- ^
About Us
(PDF)
. Royal Free London
. Retrieved
16 August
2021
.
- ^
Lynne A. Amidon,
Illustrated History of the Royal Free Hospital
(London: Special Trustees of the Royal Free Hospital, 1996)
- ^
Dawson J (February 1987).
"Royal Free disease: perplexity continues"
.
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)
.
294
(6568): 327?8.
doi
:
10.1136/bmj.294.6568.327
.
PMC
1245346
.
PMID
3028544
.
- ^
A. Melvin Ramsay (1986).
Postviral Fatigue Syndrome. The saga of Royal Free disease
. Londen: Gower.
ISBN
0-906923-96-4
.
- ^
"Ian Charleson Day Centre"
. Royal Free Hospital
. Retrieved
21 May
2018
.
- ^
James Meikle, Sarah Boseley (24 May 2010).
"MMR row doctor Andrew Wakefield struck off register"
.
guardian.co.uk
. Retrieved
24 May
2010
.
- ^
Deer, Brian (22 February 2004).
"Revealed: MMR research scandal"
.
The Times
. London:
The Sunday Times
. Retrieved
2 March
2010
.
- ^
Deer B (8 February 2009).
"MMR doctor Andrew Wakefield fixed data on autism"
.
Sunday Times
. London. Archived from
the original
on 25 May 2010
. Retrieved
9 February
2009
.
- ^
Weaver, Matthew (5 May 2023).
"Nigerian politician jailed for nine years in UK over organ trafficking plot"
.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
11 May
2023
.
- ^
Weaver, Matthew (5 May 2023).
"Met police investigate more organ trafficking cases in UK"
.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
11 May
2023
.
- ^
a
b
"London's Royal Free Hospital: Why it is the UK's frontline defence against Ebola"
. The Daily Telegraph. 30 December 2014. Archived from
the original
on 30 December 2014.
- ^
"Ebola nurse Pauline Cafferkey transferred to London unit"
. BBC News. 30 December 2014.
- ^
Lisa O'Carroll (30 December 2014).
"Treating Ebola: inside the Royal Free hospital's high-level isolation unit"
.
The Guardian
.
- ^
Booth, Christopher C. (2005).
"Sherlock, Dame Sheila Patricia Violet"
.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
(Online ed.). Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/76674
. Retrieved
26 January
2017
.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
"The Royal Free Hospital"
.
Care Quality Commission
. 20 September 2017
. Retrieved
13 January
2018
.
- ^
"
'Culture of bullying by surgeons' linked to Royal Free blunders"
.
Evening Standard
. 10 May 2019
. Retrieved
12 May
2019
.
- ^
"How to get to the Royal Free Hospital"
.
Royal Free London
. Retrieved
16 August
2021
.
- ^
"Davies, Rachael Annie Cox- (1862?1944), nurse"
.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
.
doi
:
10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-62126
. Retrieved
28 December
2023
.
Bibliography
[
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]
External links
[
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]
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