Scottish animal sciences research institute
The
Roslin Institute
is an
animal sciences
research institute at Easter Bush,
Midlothian
, Scotland, part of the
University of Edinburgh
, and is funded by the
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
.
It is best known for creating
Dolly the sheep
in 1996, the first
mammal
to be successfully
cloned
from an adult cell.
History
[
edit
]
Institute of Animal Genetics (1917?1980)
[
edit
]
The Roslin Institute has its roots in the University of Edinburgh's Institute of Animal Genetics (IAG), which was founded in 1917 under the direction of
Francis Albert Eley Crew
.
[1]
Poultry Research Centre (1947?1986)
[
edit
]
The Poultry Research Centre (PRC) was founded in 1947 by the
Agricultural Research Council (ARC)
.
[2]
The new institute used expertise and material from the IAG, and its laboratories were located adjacent to the IAG's building on the university's
King's Buildings
campus. A second site housing larger experiments was located on the Bush Estate, south of Edinburgh.
[3]
In 1971, the institute's experimental facility moved from the Bush Estate to a larger site near the village of
Roslin
, and the main laboratories moved to the same site in 1980.
[3]
Animal Breeding Research Organisation (1947?1986)
[
edit
]
The Animal Breeding Research Organisation (ABRO) was founded at the same time as the PRC in 1947, again using the IAG's expertise. Its research focused mainly on genetic improvement of cattle, pigs and sheep.
[4]
In the 1980s, under the direction of John King and
Roger Land
, ABRO's research began a shift towards
molecular biology
, which was key in laying the groundwork for the institute's work on cloning in the 1990s.
[5]
Edinburgh Research Station, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research (1986?1993)
[
edit
]
In 1986, the Poultry Research Centre and the Animal Breeding Research Organisation merged with the Institute of Animal Physiology, based in
Babraham
, Cambridgeshire, to form the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research (IAPGR).
[4]
The PRC's buildings in Roslin became the IAPGR's Edinburgh Research Station, with the former ABRO facilities progressively relocating there between 1986 and 1989.
[6]
The Roslin Institute (1993?2008)
[
edit
]
The IAPGR's sites at Babraham and Roslin became two independent institutes owned by the
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
in 1993 ? the
Babraham Institute
and the Roslin Institute. Animal genetics research had been gradually consolidating on the Roslin site since 1986,
[6]
and all agricultural research at Babraham had ceased by 1998.
The institute became a company limited by guarantee and a charity registered in Scotland, with the BBSRC as its sponsor, in 1995.
[7]
University of Edinburgh (2008?present)
[
edit
]
In 2006, the BBSRC announced that the institute would move to a new site on the University of Edinburgh's Easter Bush campus, under the direction of David Hume.
[8]
As part of the plans, the Roslin Institute merged with the Neuropathogenesis Unit of the
Institute for Animal Health
, well known for its role in deciphering the biology of
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
and this was headed by
Jean Manson
.
In April 2008, the combined institute became part of the University of Edinburgh's
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies
, and the institute's 197 staff members became University of Edinburgh employees on 1 May.
[7]
[9]
The move to Easter Bush was completed in March 2011.
[10]
Under the original plans, the new institute was to be known as EBRC,
[11]
but the institute ultimately retained the Roslin name.
In February 2020, Bruce Whitelaw became interim director of the institute, replacing
Eleanor Riley
, who had been director since 2017.
[12]
Honours
[
edit
]
In 1996, the institute won international fame when
Ian Wilmut
,
Keith Campbell
, and their colleagues created
Dolly the sheep
, the first
mammal
to be successfully
cloned
from an adult cell, at the institute.
[13]
[14]
[15]
A year later, two other sheep named
Polly and Molly
were cloned, each of which contained a human gene.
Roslin has made many other contributions to animal science and biotechnology research, especially in the area of livestock improvement and welfare through the application of
quantitative genetics
. In 2007, a Roslin team developed
genetically modified
chickens capable of laying eggs containing proteins needed to make cancer-fighting drugs.
Objectives
[
edit
]
The Roslin Institute aims to enhance the lives of animals and humans through world-class research in animal biology. The principal objectives are to:
- Enhance animal health and welfare through knowledge of genetic factors affecting resistance to disease.
- Enhance sustainability and productivity of livestock systems and food supply chains through understanding of reproductive and
developmental biology
.
- Enhance food safety by understanding interactions between disease-causing organisms and animals.
- Enhance human health through an understanding of basic mechanisms of health and disease and comparative biology of animal species.
- Identify new and emerging
zoonoses
and understand how pathogens might cross from animals to humans.
- Enhance quality of life for animals by studying the mechanisms and behaviours associated with optimising their environment and life experiences.
Research
[
edit
]
Research at the Roslin Institute is categorised into four scientific divisions:
[16]
- Functional Genetics and Development
- Genetics and genomics
- Infection and immunity
- Clinical sciences
Three Institute Strategic Programmes, which are funded by the
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
, span the Divisions of the institute.
- Blueprints for Healthy Animals
- Control of Infectious Diseases
- Improving Animal Production & Welfare
Directors
[
edit
]
Poultry Research Centre
[
edit
]
Animal Breeding Research Organisation
[
edit
]
- Robert Gordon White (1947?1951)
- Richard Alan Beatty (Post WW2-1957)
- Hugh Paterson Donald (1951?1974)
- John King (1974?1982)
- Roger Burton Land
(1982?1986)
Edinburgh Research Station
[
edit
]
Roslin Institute
[
edit
]
Notable people
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Animal Genetics"
.
University of Edinburgh Our History
. Retrieved
25 September
2020
.
- ^
Shirley Williams
(20 May 1977).
"Poultry Research Centre"
.
Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
. Vol. 932. United Kingdom: House of Commons.
- ^
a
b
"Poultry Research Centre (1947?1986) (research institution)"
.
University of Edinburgh
Archives Online
. Retrieved
25 September
2020
.
- ^
a
b
"Animal Breeding Research Organisation. ABRO (1945?1986)"
.
University of Edinburgh
Archives Online
. Retrieved
25 September
2020
.
- ^
Wilmut, Ian; Campbelll, Keith; Tudge, Colin (2000).
The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control
. Headline Book Publishing.
- ^
a
b
"History of the Institute"
.
The Roslin Institute
. Archived from
the original
on 25 March 2020
. Retrieved
25 September
2020
.
- ^
a
b
"Roslin Institute ? History"
.
Roslin Institute
. Archived from
the original
on 29 November 2009.
- ^
"First director appointed to new research centre"
.
BBSRC
. Archived from
the original
on 27 January 2007.
- ^
BBSRC Annual Report and Accounts 2007?2008
(PDF)
(Report).
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
. 2008.
- ^
"New home for Roslin Institute".
Veterinary Record
.
169
(2): 34. 2011.
doi
:
10.1136/vr.d4061
.
S2CID
219199064
.
- ^
BBSRC Annual Report and Accounts 2006?2007
(PDF)
(Report).
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
. 2007.
- ^
"Professor Eleanor Riley, Director of the Roslin Institute to step down"
.
BBSRC
. Archived from
the original
on 6 July 2020
. Retrieved
6 July
2020
.
- ^
Campbell, K. H. S.
; McWhir, J.; Ritchie, W. A.;
Wilmut, I.
(1996). "Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line".
Nature
.
380
(6569): 64?66.
Bibcode
:
1996Natur.380...64C
.
doi
:
10.1038/380064a0
.
PMID
8598906
.
S2CID
3529638
.
- ^
Firn, D. (1999).
"Roslin Institute upset by human cloning suggestions"
.
Nature Medicine
.
5
(3): 253.
doi
:
10.1038/6449
.
PMID
10086368
.
S2CID
41278352
.
- ^
Jayaraman, K. S. (1998).
"India's short cow drags Roslin Institute into controversy"
.
Nature
.
394
(6696): 821.
Bibcode
:
1998Natur.394..821J
.
doi
:
10.1038/29621
.
PMID
9732859
.
- ^
"Research at Roslin Institute"
. 25 April 2023.
- ^
"Bulfield, Grahame, 1941?: (geneticist, formerly director and chief executive, Roslin Institute, Edinburgh and vice-principal, University of Edinburgh)"
.
University of Edinburgh
Archives Online
. Retrieved
26 September
2020
.
- ^
a
b
"Interim director of The Roslin Institute announced"
.
The Roslin Institute
. 7 May 2018. Archived from
the original
on 7 April 2019
. Retrieved
20 September
2020
.
- ^
"New Director starts at The Roslin Institute"
.
The Roslin Institute
. 7 May 2018. Archived from
the original
on 7 April 2019
. Retrieved
20 September
2020
.
- ^
"Gene editing specialist to lead Roslin Institute"
.
Vet Times
. 5 April 2022
. Retrieved
12 August
2022
.
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