Rose-flavored water
Rose water
Turkish Rose water bottle
|
Type
| Flavoured water
|
---|
Place of origin
| Iran
(
Ancient Persia
)
|
---|
Region or state
| Asia
and
Europe
|
---|
Main ingredients
| Rose petals
|
---|
Ingredients generally used
| Water
|
---|
|
Rose water
is a flavoured water made by
steeping
rose petals in water.
[1]
It is the
hydrosol
portion of the
distillate
of
rose
petals
, a
by-product
of the production of
rose oil
for use in
perfume
. Rose water is also used to flavour food, as a component in some cosmetic and medical preparations, and for religious purposes throughout
Eurasia
.
Rose syrup
(not to be confused with
rose hip
syrup) is a
syrup
made from rose water, with sugar added.
Gulkand
in
South Asia
is a syrupy mashed rose mixture.
Central Iran
is home to the annual
Golabgiri
festival each spring. Thousands of tourists visit the area to celebrate the rose harvest for the production of rosewater.
[2]
[3]
Iran
accounts for 90% of world production of rose water.
[4]
History
[
edit
]
Since ancient times, roses have been used medicinally, nutritionally, and as a source of perfume.
[2]
Rose perfumes are made from rose oil, also called
attar
of roses
, which is a mixture of
volatile
essential oils
obtained by steam-distilling the crushed petals of roses. Rose water is a by-product of this process.
[5]
Before the development of the technique of distilling rose water, rose petals were already used in Persian cuisine to perfume and flavor dishes.
[6]
Rose water likely originated in Persia,
[7]
[8]
[9]
where it is known as
gul?b
(
????
), from
gul
(
??
rose) and
ab
(
??
water). The term was adopted into
Medieval Greek
as
zoulapin
.
[10]
The process of creating rose water through steam distillation was refined by Persian chemists in the
medieval Islamic world
which led to more efficient and economic uses for perfumery industries.
[11]
Uses
[
edit
]
Food
[
edit
]
Rose water is sometimes added to
lemonade
. It is often added to water to mask unpleasant odours and flavours.
[12]
In
South Asian cuisine
, rose water is a common ingredient in
sweets
such as
laddu
,
gulab jamun
, and
peda
.
[13]
It is also used to flavour
milk
,
lassi
,
rice pudding
, and other dairy dishes.
[
citation needed
]
In
Malaysia
and
Singapore
, sweet red-tinted rose water is mixed with milk, making a sweet pink drink called
bandung
.
[
citation needed
]
American and European bakers often used rose water until the 19th century, when
vanilla
became popular. In
Yorkshire
, rose water has long been used as a flavouring for the regional specialty, Yorkshire curd tart.
[
citation needed
]
In
Iran
, it is added to tea, ice cream, cookies, and other sweets. Rosewater is also used in some savoury dishes, such as Khoresh Gheyme,
Shirin Polow
(cherry rice),
Tahchin
or during steaming of Persian rice.
[
citation needed
]
In
Middle Eastern cuisines
, rosewater is used in various dishes, especially in sweets such as
Turkish delight
,
[1]
nougat
, and
baklava
.
Marzipan
has long been flavoured with rose water.
[14]
In
Cyprus
, rose water is used to flavor a number of different desserts, including the Cypriot version of
muhallebi
.
[15]
Rose water is frequently used as a
halal
substitute for red wine and other alcohols in cooking.
[
citation needed
]
The
Premier League
offer a rose water-based beverage as an alternative for
champagne
when awarding Muslim players.
[16]
In accordance with the ban on alcohol consumption in Islamic countries, rose water is used instead of champagne on the podium of the
Bahrain Grand Prix
and
Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
.
[17]
Cosmetics
[
edit
]
In
medieval Europe
, rose water was used to wash hands at a meal table during feasts.
[18]
Rose water is a usual component of
perfume
.
[19]
Rose water
ointment
is occasionally used as an
emollient
, and rose water is sometimes used in cosmetics such as
cold creams
, toners and face wash.
[19]
Some people use rose water as a spray applied directly to the face as a perfume and moisturiser, especially during the winter. It is also often sprinkled in
Indian weddings
to welcome guests.
[
citation needed
]
Religion
[
edit
]
Rose water is used in the religious ceremonies of
Christianity
(in the
Byzantine Rite
of the
Catholic Church
and in
Eastern Orthodox Church
),
[20]
Zoroastrianism
, and
Baha?i Faith
(in
Kitab-i-Aqdas 1:76
).
[21]
Composition
[
edit
]
Depending on the origin and manufacturing method, rose water is obtained from the
sepals
and
petals
of
Rosa × damascena
through
steam distillation
. The following
monoterpenoid
and
alkane
components can be identified with
gas chromatography
: mostly
citronellol
,
nonadecane
,
geraniol
and
phenyl ethyl alcohol
, and also
henicosane
, 9-nonadecen,
eicosane
,
linalool
, citronellyl acetate,
methyleugenol
,
heptadecane
,
pentadecane
,
docosane
,
nerol
,
disiloxane
,
octadecane
, and
pentacosane
. Usually,
phenylethyl alcohol
is responsible for the typical odour of rose water but is not always present in rose water products.
[22]
Gallery
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
"Rosewater recipes"
.
BBC Food
.
- ^
a
b
"GOL?B"
.
Encyclopaedia Iranica
. Vol. XI (online ed.). Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. 2012. pp. 58?59.
ISSN
2330-4804
. Retrieved
24 March
2021
.
- ^
"Rosewater festivals draw visitors to central Iran"
.
Tehran Times
. 3 May 2018
. Retrieved
1 June
2021
.
- ^
"Iran Meets 90% of Global Rosewater Demand"
.
Financial Tribune
. 15 June 2019
. Retrieved
16 April
2021
.
- ^
Adamson, Melitta Weiss (2004-01-01).
Food in Medieval Times
. Greenwood Publishing. p. 29.
ISBN
9780313321474
.
- ^
Adamson, Melitta Weiss (2004).
Food in Medieval Times
. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 29.
ISBN
978-0-313-32147-4
.
Rose petals were already used in Persian cookery to perfume and flavor dishes long before the technique of distilling rose water was developed. The person commonly credited with the discovery of rose water was the tenth-century Persian physician Avicenna.
- ^
Adamson, Melitta Weiss (2004).
Food in Medieval Times
. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 29.
ISBN
978-0-313-32147-4
.
Rose petals were already used in Persian cookery to perfume and flavor dishes long before the technique of distilling rose water was developed. The person commonly credited with the discovery of rose water was the tenth-century Persian physician Avicenna.
- ^
Marks, Gil
(2010).
Encyclopedia of Jewish Food
. HMH. p. 791.
ISBN
978-0-544-18631-6
.
In 800 CE, the Arab scholar Jabir ibn Hayyan in-vented an improved still. About two centuries later, the Bukharan-born physician ibn Sina (980-1037), whose name was latinized as Avicenna, discovered how to use the still to extract the essential oil from flower petals. This allowed for the steam distillation of floral waters, particularly rose water
- ^
Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein; Shafei, Mohammad Naser; Saberi, Zahra; Amini, Somayeh (2011).
"Pharmacological Effects of Rosa Damascena"
.
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
.
14
(4): 295?307.
ISSN
2008-3866
.
PMC
3586833
.
PMID
23493250
.
The origin of Damask rose is the Middle East and some evidences indicate that the origin of rose water is Iran
- ^
"Rose water"
at
Encyclopædia Iranica
- ^
Ahmad Y. al-Hassan
,
Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part III: Technology Transfer in the Chemical Industries
Archived
2015-12-29 at the
Wayback Machine
,
History of Science and Technology in Islam
.
- ^
"All About Rose And Rose Water | how to use | health benefits"
.
iran dried fruit
. 2019-12-19
. Retrieved
2023-12-30
.
- ^
Krishna Gopal Dubey (27 September 2010).
The Indian Cuisine
. PHI Learning Pvt. p. 11.
ISBN
9788120341708
.
- ^
Adamson, Melitta Weiss (2004).
Food in Medieval Times
. Greenwood Publishing. p. 89.
ISBN
9780313321474
.
- ^
"Rodostagma - Rosewater"
.
Heartland of Legends
. 17 February 2023. Archived from
the original
on 23 April 2023.
- ^
"PL offers 'rosewater and pomegranate' drink instead of champagne to avoid offending Muslim players"
.
Yahoo! News
. 26 August 2012
. Retrieved
24 October
2014
.
- ^
"Champagne to be sprayed on the F1 podium again after two years of sparkling wine"
.
The Telegraph
. 2017-07-30.
ISSN
0307-1235
. Retrieved
2020-01-14
.
- ^
Adamson, Melitta Weiss (2004).
Food in Medieval Times
By Melitta Weiss Adamson
. Greenwood Publishing.
ISBN
9780313321474
.
Archived
from the original on 2022-10-31
. Retrieved
2017-02-11
.
- ^
a
b
"Rose water: Benefits, uses, and side effects"
.
Medical News Today
. Retrieved
2018-07-03
.
- ^
"Journey through Holy Week & Pascha"
. Holy Apostles Greek Orthodox Church. Archived from
the original
on 6 March 2012
. Retrieved
7 June
2016
.
- ^
Baha'u'llah (2005).
Kitab-i-Aqdas
. Project Gutenburg. p. 23 of PDF (1:76).
- ^
Loghmani-Khouzani, H; Fini Sabzi, O; Safari, J H (2007).
"Essential Oil Composition of
Rosa damascena
Mill Cultivated in Central Iran"
(PDF)
.
Scientia Iranica
.
14
(4): 316?319. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 20 March 2012.
External links
[
edit
]
Look up
rose water
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Rose water
.