6th Commissioner of the National Football League (born 1959)
Roger Stokoe Goodell
(born February 19, 1959) is an American businessman who has served as the
commissioner
of the
National Football League
(NFL) since 2006.
Goodell began his NFL career in 1982 as an administrative
intern
in the league office in New York under then-Commissioner
Pete Rozelle
. The position was secured through a letter-writing campaign to the league office and each of its then 28 teams.
[1]
[2]
In 1983, he joined the
New York Jets
as an intern, but returned to the league office in 1984 as an assistant in the
public relations
department.
[3]
[4]
[5]
In 1987, Goodell was appointed assistant to the president of the
American Football Conference
,
Lamar Hunt
, and under the tutelage of Commissioner
Paul Tagliabue
filled a variety of football and business operations roles, culminating with his appointment as the NFL's executive vice president and chief operating officer in December 2001. As the NFL's COO, Goodell took responsibility for the league's football operations and officiating, as well as supervised league business functions. He headed NFL Ventures, which oversees the league's business units, including media properties, marketing and sales, stadium development, and strategic planning.
[6]
Goodell was heavily involved in the negotiation of the
collective bargaining
agreement with the
NFLPA
and NFL owners during the
summer of 2011
.
[7]
He also played an extensive role in league expansion, realignment, and stadium development, including the launch of the
NFL Network
and securing new television agreements.
[6]
Early life
Goodell was born in
Jamestown, New York
on February 19, 1959,
[8]
to United States Senator
Charles Ellsworth Goodell
of New York, and his first wife Jean (Rice) Goodell of
Buffalo, New York
. Goodell graduated from
Bronxville High School
where, as a three-sport star in
football
,
basketball
, and
baseball
, he captained all three teams as a senior and was named the school's athlete of the year.
[9]
Injuries kept him from playing
college football
.
[10]
Goodell is a 1981 graduate of
Washington & Jefferson College
in
Washington, Pennsylvania
with a degree in economics.
[8]
[11]
[12]
[13]
As NFL Commissioner
Selection
When Tagliabue retired, Goodell was one of the candidates in contention for the position. In the second and third ballots, Goodell and Gregg Levy were the only candidates to receive votes (Goodell 17, Levy 14). Goodell increased his lead to 21?10 after the fourth ballot, falling one vote shy of election, but on the fifth round of voting two owners swung their votes to him to achieve the necessary two-thirds majority (Goodell 23, Levy 8).
[5]
The
Oakland Raiders
abstained from the voting in each round.
On August 8, 2006, Goodell was chosen to succeed Tagliabue; he assumed office on September 1, the date Tagliabue was required to step down.
[14]
Actions
Goodell believes his primary responsibility as commissioner is protecting the integrity of the game and making it safer?"protecting the shield", as he puts it (a reference to the NFL's shield logo).
[15]
However, some of his actions in this regard have been met with criticism.
[16]
In 2014, Goodell was awarded the third highest honor within the
Department of the Army Civilian Awards
scheme, the
Outstanding Civilian Service Award
, for substantial contributions to the US Army community while serving as the NFL commissioner.
[17]
NFL in Europe
The spring league
NFL Europe
, founded in 1995 and since 2004 with five of six teams based in Germany, was shut down by Goodell after the 2007 season. The
NFL International Series
began in October 2007 with regular season games in London.
Player conduct policy
In April 2007, following a year of significant scandal surrounding some NFL players' actions off the field, Goodell announced a new NFL Personal Conduct Policy.
Tennessee Titans
cornerback
Pacman Jones
and
Cincinnati Bengals
wide receiver
Chris Henry
were the first two players to be suspended under the new policy,
[18]
and
Chicago Bears
defensive lineman
Tank Johnson
was suspended months later because of his conduct involving weapon ownership and drunk driving.
On August 31, 2007, Goodell suspended
Dallas Cowboys
quarterbacks coach
Wade Wilson
for five games and fined him US$100,000 and suspended
New England Patriots
safety
Rodney Harrison
for four games without pay, after they admitted the use of banned substances for medical purposes and to accelerate healing, respectively. The league indicated to Wilson that his more severe penalty was because they held "people in authority in higher regard than people on the field."
[19]
Goodell has also imposed suspensions on the following players for conduct:
Date(s) suspended
|
Suspension length
|
Name
|
Position
|
Team at the time of suspension
|
April 10, 2007
|
Entire 2007 season
|
Adam "Pacman" Jones
[18]
|
Cornerback
|
Tennessee Titans
|
First 8 games of 2007 season
|
Chris Henry
[18]
|
Wide receiver
|
Cincinnati Bengals
|
June 4, 2007
|
First 8 games of 2007 season
|
Terry "Tank" Johnson
[20]
|
Defensive tackle
|
Chicago Bears
|
August 24, 2007 ? July 27, 2009
|
Suspended for the first two regular season games in the 2009 season and could play by week three of the season. He can play the final two pre-season games.
|
Michael Vick
[21]
|
Quarterback
|
Atlanta Falcons
|
October 14, 2008
|
Indefinite
(ultimately was the minimum of 4 games)
|
Adam "Pacman" Jones
[22]
|
Cornerback
|
Dallas Cowboys
|
August 13, 2009
|
Entire 2009 Season
|
Donte Stallworth
|
Wide receiver
|
Cleveland Browns
|
April 21, 2010
|
First 6 games of 2010 season (later changed to 4 games due to continuous following of the NFL personal conduct guidelines)
|
Ben Roethlisberger
|
Quarterback
|
Pittsburgh Steelers
|
November 29 ? December 11, 2011
|
Weeks 13 and 14 of 2011 season
|
Ndamukong Suh
[23]
|
Defensive tackle
|
Detroit Lions
|
September 7, 2014 ? November 2014
|
First two weeks of 2014 season plus ten additional weeks (originally two games, then changed to Indefinite following release of the video of the assault which was vacated after 12 weeks)
[24]
[
citation needed
]
|
Ray Rice
|
Running back
|
Baltimore Ravens
|
In addition to suspensions, Goodell has also fined players for on-field misconduct. For example, on October 19, 2010, the NFL handed out fines to
Pittsburgh Steelers
linebacker
James Harrison
,
Falcons
cornerback
Dunta Robinson
, and
New England Patriots
safety
Brandon Meriweather
after they were involved in controversial hits the previous Sunday. Goodell released a memo to every team in the league stating that "It is clear to me that further action is required to emphasize the importance of teaching safe and controlled techniques, and of playing within the rules."
[25]
The NFL's reaction to the hits was itself controversial and Goodell came under criticism from players like
Troy Polamalu
, who felt he had assumed too much control and power over punishment towards players and was making wrong decisions.
[26]
Two national political advocacy groups,
CREDO
and
UltraViolet
have submitted a petition with over 100,000 signatures calling on Goodell and the NFL to "address its domestic violence problem." This came after
Ray Rice
was suspended for two games when he was accused of assaulting his then fiancee, Janay Palmer, who is now his wife.
[27]
Handling of Spygate and the ordered destruction of Patriots' film tapes
On September 13, 2007, Goodell disciplined the
New England Patriots
and head coach
Bill Belichick
after New England attempted to videotape the defensive signals of the
New York Jets
from an illegal position on September 9. In the aftermath, Belichick was fined the league maximum of $500,000. The Patriots themselves were fined $250,000 and had to forfeit a first round pick in the
2008 NFL Draft
. As part of Goodell's probe into the allegations, the NFL required the Patriots to turn over any and all notes and tapes relating to the taping of opponents' defensive signals; the Patriots did not want the video tapes to leave their facilities, in turn league officials, by order of Goodell, went to Patriots athletic facilities and proceeded to smash the tapes.
[28]
[29]
Goodell came down hard on the Patriots because he felt Belichick's authority over football operations (Belichick is effectively the Patriots' general manager as well as head coach) was such that his decisions were "properly attributed" to the Patriots as well.
[30]
Goodell said he considered suspending Belichick, but decided against it because he felt fining them and stripping them of a draft pick were "more effective" than a suspension.
[31]
Involvement in the 2011 NFL lockout
Outside of player conduct, Goodell is also known for his work in the
2011 NFL lockout
. Prior to the start of the
2011 NFL season
, Goodell worked with
NFL owners
and the
NFLPA
on settling the
NFL lockout
which ran from March 11 to August 5.
[32]
During the lockout, at the request of some NFL teams, he held conference calls with season ticket holders where he discussed the collective bargaining agreement and conducted question-and-answer sessions on various NFL topics.
[33]
Handling of Bountygate
In March 2012, Goodell revealed evidence that players and coaches on the
New Orleans Saints
had instituted a
bounty program
in which Saints defensive players were paid bonuses for deliberately knocking opposing players out of games. Then-defensive coordinator
Gregg Williams
administered the program, and as many as 27 Saints defensive players were involved. Later that month, Goodell handed down some of the harshest penalties in NFL history. He suspended Williams, who had left to become defensive coordinator of the
St. Louis Rams
, indefinitely (Williams was reinstated at the start of the 2013 season). Goodell also suspended head coach
Sean Payton
for the entire 2012 season, general manager
Mickey Loomis
for eight games and assistant head coach
Joe Vitt
for six games. Additionally, the Saints themselves were fined a league maximum $500,000 and had to forfeit their second round draft picks in
2012
and
2013
.
[34]
Goodell was particularly upset that those involved in the program lied about it during two separate league investigations of the program. Sanctions for players were not handed down at the time, and Goodell stated he would refrain from penalizing players until the NFLPA completed its investigation of the affair.
[35]
Replacement referees and involvement in the 2012 referee lockout
By June 2012, the league and the NFL Referees Association had not yet come to terms on a new collective bargaining agreement, thus failing to resolve a labor dispute. Accordingly, the NFL
locked out
the regular NFL game officials and opened the 2012 season with replacement referees.
[36]
[37]
The replacement officials consisted of low-level college and high school officials. None were
Division I
college referees at the time since the league wanted to protect them from union backlash and let them continue working their scheduled games during the concurrent college football season.
[38]
In addition, many of the top Division I conferences barred their officials from becoming replacements anyway because they employed current and former NFL referees as officiating supervisors.
[39]
[40]
Despite Goodell stating during the preseason that he believed that the replacement officials will "do a credible job",
[41]
the inexperience of the replacement referees generated criticism by writers and players. Referencing Goodell's aforementioned other actions as commissioner, the NFLPA issued a letter after Week 2 to the owners to end the dispute, saying:
It is lost on us as to how you allow a Commissioner to cavalierly issue suspensions and fines in the name of player health and safety yet permit the wholesale removal of the officials that you trained and entrusted to maintain that very health and safety. It has been reported that the two sides are apart by approximately $60,000 per team. We note that your Commissioner has fined an individual player as much in the name of "safety." Your actions are looking more and more like simple greed. As players, we see this game as more than the "product" you reference at times. You cannot simply switch to a group of cheaper officials and fulfill your legal, moral, and duty obligations to us and our fans. You need to end the lockout and bring back the officials immediately.
[42]
The
Fail Mary
[43]
was a direct result of the replacement referees during the 2012 NFL season. During the final play of a Week 2 game between the
Green Bay Packers
and
Seattle Seahawks
that occurred on September 24, 2012, at
CenturyLink Field
in
Seattle, Washington
, Packers safety
M.D. Jennings
intercepted a pass from Seahawks quarterback
Russell Wilson
in the endzone during a botched
Hail Mary
attempt with eight seconds left in the fourth quarter. However, the replacement referees ruled it a completion and a touchdown. The controversial ending followed weeks of criticism regarding the quality of officiating by replacement officials employed by the NFL during the
2012 NFL referee lockout
.
[44]
Player brain damage lawsuits
Under Goodell's leadership, on August 30, 2013, the NFL reached a $765 million settlement with the former NFL players over
head injuries
.
[45]
The settlement created a $675 million compensation fund from which former NFL players can collect from depending on the extent of their conditions. Severe conditions such as
Lou Gehrig's disease
and postmortem diagnosed
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
would be entitled to payouts as high as $5 million.
[45]
From the remainder of the settlement, $75 million would be used for medical exams, and $10 million would be used for research and education.
[45]
However, in January, 2014, U.S. District Judge
Anita B. Brody
refused to accept the agreed settlement because "the money wouldn't adequately compensate the nearly 20,000 men not named in the suit".
[46]
In 2014, the cap was removed from the amount.
[47]
Handling of Deflategate and Tom Brady suspension backlash
After the NFL suspended
New England Patriots
quarterback
Tom Brady
four games for his alleged awareness of team employees deflating footballs, as indicated in the Wells Report, the NFLPA filed an appeal of his suspension on May 14, 2015.
[48]
Despite their request for a neutral third party arbitrator, the NFL announced that Goodell would preside over Brady's appeal hearing,
[49]
which he did on June 23.
[50]
Goodell announced his upholding of the suspension on July 28, citing the destruction of Brady's cell phone as critical evidence that Brady "knew about, approved of, consented to, and provided inducements and rewards in support of a scheme by which, with Mr. Jastremski's support, Mr. McNally tampered with the game balls."
[51]
The same day, the NFL filed papers in
Manhattan
federal court to confirm Goodell's upholding of the suspension.
[52]
A day after the suspension was upheld, Brady and Patriots owner
Robert Kraft
made statements criticizing the league, with Brady stating that he was never "made aware at any time during Mr. Wells investigation, that failing to subject my cell phone to investigation would result in ANY discipline."
[53]
[54]
On August 4, U.S. District Judge
Richard M. Berman
ordered the transcript from Brady's appeal hearing released to the public. Writers quickly spotted contradictions between Goodell's statement and Brady's testimony, notably regarding increased phone conversations between Brady and team staffer John Jastremski in the weeks between the AFC Championship Game and
Super Bowl XLIX
.
Dan Wetzel
of
Yahoo! Sports
pointed out that while Goodell had stated in upholding the suspension that Brady claimed he only spoke with Jastremski about football preparations for the Super Bowl, which would be suspicious if correct due to the increase in communication, Brady had testified in the hearing that other topics, including the alleged deflation, were discussed.
[55]
The NFL was also criticized for a conflict of interest at the hearing, as one of the lawyers who worked on the Wells Report, Lorin Reisner, cross-examined Brady during the hearing on behalf of the league;
Ted Wells
' independence in his investigation, as repeatedly asserted by the league, was also put to question, as he testified that NFL counsel Jeff Pash reviewed the report.
[56]
Berman vacated Brady's suspension on September 3, citing a lack of fair due process.
[57]
Analysts criticized Goodell for his violation of due process in order to uphold an extreme punishment and his arrogance in presuming he superseded the NFL's rules. Wetzel stated that "Judge Berman didn't declare Brady innocent on Thursday; he declared the NFL guilty of violating federal law in trying to declare Brady guilty."
[58]
Michael Hurley of CBS Boston pointed out that the NFL's case was centered on Article 46 of the league's Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), but Berman cited Article 46 as evidence that the league had used unfair process.
[59]
The NFL announced it would appeal Judge Berman's decision just hours after the suspension was overturned.
[60]
The appeal hearing was held March 3, 2016.
[61]
At the hearing the three-judge panel of the
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
scrutinized Players Association lawyer
Jeffrey L. Kessler
more intensely than NFL lawyer
Paul Clement
, with Circuit Judge
Denny Chin
even stating that "the evidence of ball tampering is compelling, if not overwhelming."
[62]
On April 25, 2016, the Second Circuit reinstated Brady's four-game suspension for the
2016 NFL season
. Circuit Judge
Barrington Daniels Parker, Jr.
, joined by Circuit Judge Chin, wrote that they could not "second-guess" the arbitration but were merely determining it "met the minimum legal standards established by the
Labor Management Relations Act of 1947
".
[63]
Circuit Chief Judge
Robert Katzmann
dissented, writing that the NFL's fines for using
stickum
were "highly analogous" and that here "the Commissioner was doling out his own brand of industrial justice."
[64]
On May 21, 2015,
The Washington Post
published an article that Goodell's efforts to harshly suspend Brady were "part of a personal power play", supporting public claims that he was simply trying to demonstrate authority within the league.
[65]
Suppression of US national anthem protests
On May 23, 2018, Commissioner Goodell and NFL owners approved a new policy requiring all players to stand during the national anthem or given the option to stay in the locker room during the national anthem. Any players from an NFL team who protested the anthem while on the field would become subject to discipline from the league. In addition, the teams as a whole would be subject to punishment and other forms of discipline from the NFL as a result.
[66]
[67]
In light of the renewed
Black Lives Matter
protests after the
murder of George Floyd
at the hands of
Minneapolis
police, he recanted this position, encouraging players to speak their minds more freely.
[68]
Personal life
In October 1997, Goodell married former
Fox News Channel
anchor
Jane Skinner
[69]
and together they have twin daughters, born in 2001. He has four brothers: among them are Tim, who is a senior vice president for the
Hess Corporation
, and Michael, married to
Jack Kenny
, creator of the short-lived NBC series
The Book of Daniel
. The Webster family on the show was loosely based on the Goodell family.
[70]
Goodell's cousin
Andy Goodell
is a member of the
New York State Assembly
.
Goodell starred as himself in the NFL 100 commercial before
Super Bowl LIII
.
[71]
References
- ^
Crepeau, Richard C. (2014).
NFL Football: A History of America's New National Pastime
. University of Illinois Press. p. 171.
ISBN
978-0-252-09653-2
.
- ^
Korth, Joanne (August 13, 2006).
"Dream job comes with challenges"
.
St. Petersburg Times
. Retrieved
September 15,
2014
.
- ^
"Goodell, from PR intern to commissioner"
.
Associated Press via NBC Sports
. August 9, 2006. Archived from
the original
on June 10, 2010
. Retrieved
April 22,
2010
.
- ^
Matuszewski, Erik; Eichelberger, Curtis (August 8, 2006).
"NFL Picks Goodell, Once an Intern, as Commissioner"
. Bloomberg
. Retrieved
August 8,
2006
.
- ^
a
b
Maske, Mark (August 2008).
"Commissioner Vote Was Close"
.
blog.washingtonpost.com
. Archived from
the original
on May 23, 2011
. Retrieved
January 6,
2007
.
- ^
a
b
"New Commissioner Joined NFL in 1982"
.
ESPN.go.com
. August 9, 2006
. Retrieved
January 20,
2012
.
- ^
Davis, Nate (August 5, 2011).
"Goodell, Smith Sign CBA at Hall of Fame"
.
USA Today
. Retrieved
January 20,
2012
.
- ^
a
b
"Action for Healthy Kids Board of Directors"
.
ActionForHealthyKids.org
. Archived from
the original
on June 23, 2006
. Retrieved
December 17,
2006
.
- ^
"Roger Goodell named NFL Commissioner"
.
Scout.com
. August 9, 2006. Archived from
the original
on October 31, 2007
. Retrieved
August 9,
2006
.
- ^
"Roger Goodell Biography"
.
TV Guide's Celebrity Bios
. TV Guide
. Retrieved
January 20,
2012
.
- ^
"Goodell, Roger"
.
Education for a Lifetime
.
Washington & Jefferson College
. Archived from
the original
on 2012-06-25
. Retrieved
2012-05-15
.
- ^
King, Peter (August 8, 2006).
"Goodell named new commissioner"
.
Sports Illustrated
. Retrieved
August 8,
2006
.
- ^
"New commissioner joined NFL in 1982"
. ESPN. August 8, 2006
. Retrieved
August 8,
2006
.
- ^
Goldberg, Dave (August 8, 2006).
"Roger Goodell chosen to succeed Paul Tagliabue as NFL commissioner"
. Canada: CBC. Archived from
the original
on January 1, 2013
. Retrieved
August 9,
2006
.
- ^
"Goodell doesn't mention Roethlisberger"
. ESPN.
Associated Press
. 2010-06-28
. Retrieved
2012-03-23
.
- ^
"League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis"
.
Frontline
. October 8, 2013.
PBS
.
- ^
Odierno, Raymond (April 29, 2014).
"April 28, 2014 -- CSA's remarks at Twilight Tattoo"
. Retrieved
September 13,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
c
"NFL Goodell suspends Pacman for year; Henry for 8 games"
. ESPN. April 10, 2007
. Retrieved
April 10,
2007
.
- ^
Weisman, Larry (September 4, 2007).
"Harrison, Wilson hit with drug suspensions"
.
USA Today
. p. 8C
. Retrieved
May 16,
2008
.
- ^
Mayer, Larry (June 4, 2007).
"NFL announces Tank Johnson suspension"
.
ChicagoBears.com
. Archived from
the original
on June 6, 2007
. Retrieved
August 25,
2007
.
- ^
O'Dell, Larry (August 25, 2007).
"Vick Couldn't Scramble Out of This Mess"
.
ABC News
. Archived from
the original
on August 28, 2007
. Retrieved
August 25,
2007
.
- ^
"NFL suspends Pacman Jones indefinitely"
.
Associated Press via Google.com
. October 14, 2008. Archived from
the original
on October 18, 2008.
- ^
"League upholds Suh's Suspension"
.
Fox Sports
. Associated Press. December 2, 2011
. Retrieved
January 11,
2012
.
- ^
"Ray Rice terminated by team, suspended by NFL after new violent video"
. CNN. 8 September 2014.
- ^
Peters, Craig (October 21, 2010).
"Titans Players React to NFL Memo on Increased Discipline for Illegal Hits"
.
TitansOnline.com
. Retrieved
July 19,
2011
.
- ^
Mark Kaboly (November 4, 2010).
"Polamalu thinks Goodell has too much authority"
.
Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
. Archived from
the original
on November 7, 2010
. Retrieved
November 4,
2010
.
- ^
Belson, Ken (1 August 2014).
"Roger Goodell Defends Length of Ray Rice's Suspension"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
3 August
2014
.
- ^
"Spygate to Deflategate: Inside what split the NFL and Patriots apart"
.
ESPN.com
. 2015-09-08
. Retrieved
2023-09-26
.
- ^
Bishop, Greg; Thamel, Pete (2008-02-01).
"Senator Wants N.F.L. Spying Case Explained"
.
The New York Times
.
ISSN
0362-4331
. Retrieved
2023-09-26
.
- ^
"NFL fines Belichick, strips Patriots of draft pick"
. NFL. Associated Press. September 13, 2007
. Retrieved
September 14,
2007
.
- ^
"Belichick draws $500,000 fine, but avoids suspension"
. ESPN. September 14, 2007
. Retrieved
May 16,
2008
.
- ^
"Roger Goodell signs 10-year CBA"
.
Associated Press via ESPN.com
. August 6, 2011
. Retrieved
August 14,
2011
.
- ^
Kuriloff, Aaron (April 14, 2011).
"NFL's Goodell to Hold Call With Giants Season-Ticket Holders Amid Lockout"
. Bloomberg
. Retrieved
August 14,
2011
.
- ^
Klemko, Robert (March 21, 2012).
"Sean Payton suspended, Saints fined for bounty program"
.
USA Today
. Retrieved
October 11,
2013
.
- ^
Goodell Talks Punishments
. ESPN. March 21, 2013. Archived from
the original
on March 24, 2012.
- ^
Farmer, Sam (July 18, 2012).
"NFL officials: Quality of games could suffer with replacement officials"
.
Los Angeles Times
. Retrieved
July 18,
2012
.
- ^
"NFL to use replacement refs"
. ESPN. August 29, 2012
. Retrieved
August 29,
2012
.
- ^
Murphy, Brian (August 4, 2012).
"Minnesota Vikings, NFL turning to replacement officials, for better or worse"
. Pioneer Press
. Retrieved
August 4,
2012
.
- ^
King, Peter (July 30, 2012).
"A League At The Crossroads"
.
Sports Illustrated
. Retrieved
August 13,
2012
.
NFL refs now serve as supervisors of officials for five major conferences?the Big East, Big 12, Pac-12, Big Ten and Conference USA?and they won't allow officials from those conferences to work NFL games. The source said that, in solidarity with the NFL zebras, supervisors in other FBS conferences won't allow their officials to work NFL games either
- ^
Borden, Same (August 27, 2012).
"With Referees Out, N.F.L. Stars Throw Flag on Novice Fill-Ins"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
August 27,
2012
.
- ^
"Replacement referees: NFL players fear negative effects, Sporting News poll finds"
.
Sporting News
. August 24, 2012
. Retrieved
August 24,
2012
.
- ^
"NFLPA accuses owners of "greed" for locking out referees"
. ProFootballTalk. September 23, 2012
. Retrieved
September 23,
2012
.
- ^
"
'Fail Mary' official fighting depression"
.
ESPN.com
. ESPN Internet Ventures, LLC. January 13, 2015.
Archived
from the original on September 11, 2016
. Retrieved
August 29,
2016
.
- ^
"NFL referees agree deal with league to end lockout"
.
Reuters
. 2012-09-27.
Archived
from the original on 2022-02-01
. Retrieved
2021-07-10
.
- ^
a
b
c
Connor, Tracy (30 August 2013).
"NFL and players reach $765 million settlement over head injuries"
.
U.S. News
. Retrieved
15 December
2013
.
- ^
"Judge scuttles NFL's $760M concussion settlement"
,
MarketWatch
citing
NBC10 Philadelphia
, January 14, 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
- ^
Jason Breslow,
"Judge Approves NFL Concussion Settlement"
, PBS, July 7, 2014.
- ^
"NFLPA appeals Patriots QB Tom Brady's four-game suspension"
.
ESPN.com
. 14 May 2015
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
John Breech (14 May 2015).
"Roger Goodell will hear Tom Brady's appeal; no neutral arbitrator"
.
CBSSports.com
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Don Melvin (23 June 2015).
"Tom Brady's 'Deflategate' appeal hearing ends after 10 hours"
. CNN.com
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Jeff Howe (28 July 2015).
"Highlights from Roger Goodell's ruling on Tom Brady appeal"
.
Boston Herald
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Armstrong, Kevin; et al. (28 July 2015).
"NFL hopes to have expected Tom Brady lawsuit in New York and not Minnesota"
.
New York Daily News
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Orr, Conor (29 July 2015).
"Tom Brady responds to Roger Goodell's ruling"
. National Football League
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Almasy, Steve (29 July 2015).
"Tom Brady and Patriots owner attack NFL over 'Deflategate' decision"
.
CNN.com
. CNN
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Wetzel, Dan (5 August 2015).
"Roger Goodell's manipulation of Tom Brady's testimony leaves NFL on slippery slope"
.
Yahoo! Sports
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Florio, Mike (6 August 2015).
"Ted Wells, "independent" investigator in name only"
. ProFootballTalk
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Orr, Conor (3 September 2015).
"Judge nullifies Tom Brady's four-game suspension"
. National Football League
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Wetzel, Dan (3 September 2015).
"The arrogance of Roger Goodell"
.
Yahoo! Sports
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Hurley, Michael (3 September 2015).
"Hurley: After losing Deflategate, Roger Goodell should be embarrassed"
. CBS Boston
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Patra, Kevin (3 September 2015).
"NFL officially appeals Tom Brady decision"
. National Football League
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
McCann, Michael (1 March 2016).
"Deflategate is back in court: Preview of NFL's appeal hearing"
.
Sports Illustrated
. Retrieved
2 March
2016
.
- ^
Volin, Ben (3 March 2016).
"Brady's lawyer feels pressure from judges"
.
The Boston Globe
. Retrieved
26 April
2016
.
- ^
Volin, Ben (25 April 2016).
"Brady must serve 'Deflategate' suspension, appeals court rules"
.
The Boston Globe
. Archived from
the original
on 27 April 2016
. Retrieved
26 April
2016
.
- ^
Gershman, Jacob (25 April 2016).
"Why the NFL Won its 'Deflategate' Appeal"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. Retrieved
26 April
2016
.
- ^
"In trying to restore his authority, Goodell undermined his credibility"
.
Washington Post
. Retrieved
2016-10-05
.
- ^
Knoblauch, Austin (May 23, 2018).
"NFL expected to enact national anthem policy for '18"
.
NFL.com
. NFL Enterprises, LLC
. Retrieved
May 23,
2018
.
- ^
"Roger Goodell's statement on national anthem policy"
.
NFL.com
. NFL Enterprises, LLC. May 23, 2018
. Retrieved
May 23,
2018
.
- ^
Archived at
Ghostarchive
and the
Wayback Machine
:
"America Protests Police Brutality and Systemic Racism | The Daily Social Distancing Show"
.
YouTube
.
- ^
Schefter, Adam (August 8, 2006).
"Goodell now comes to the forefront"
. NFL. Archived from
the original
on August 14, 2006
. Retrieved
August 8,
2006
.
- ^
Sepinwall, Alan (2005).
"TV's New Religious Saga"
.
Beliefnet
. Retrieved
December 17,
2006
.
- ^
"
'NFL 100' commercial: Breaking down everything you saw in epic ad"
.
External links
|
---|
Pound sign (#) denotes interim status
|