Architectural style, named for Henry Hobson Richardson
Richardsonian Romanesque
is a
style
of
Romanesque Revival architecture
named after the American architect
Henry Hobson Richardson
(1838?1886). The
revival style
incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian
Romanesque
characteristics. Richardson first used elements of the style in his
Richardson Olmsted Complex
in
Buffalo, New York
, designed in 1870, and
Trinity Church
in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple
architects
followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well.
History and development
[
edit
]
This very free
revival style
incorporates 11th and 12th century southern French, Spanish and Italian
Romanesque
characteristics. It emphasizes clear, strong picturesque massing, round-headed "Romanesque" arches, often springing from clusters of short squat columns, recessed entrances, richly varied
rustication
, blank stretches of walling contrasting with bands of windows, and cylindrical towers with conical caps embedded in the walling.
Architects working in the style
[
edit
]
The style includes work by the generation of architects practicing in the 1880s before the influence of the
Beaux-Arts styles
.
Some of the practitioners who most faithfully followed Richardson's proportion, massing and detailing had worked in his office. These include:
Other architects who employed Richardson Romanesque elements in their designs include:
The style also influenced the
Chicago school
of architecture and architects
Louis Sullivan
and
Frank Lloyd Wright
.
[3]
Overseas,
Folke Zettervall
was influenced by the Richardson style when he designed several railway stations in
Sweden
during this period.
[4]
In Finland,
Eliel Saarinen
was influenced by Richardson.
[5]
Dispersion
[
edit
]
Research is underway to try to document the westward movement of the artisans and craftsmen, many of whom were immigrant
Italians
and
Irish
, who built in the Richardsonian Romanesque tradition. The style began in the East, in and around Boston, where Richardson built the influential
Trinity Church
on
Copley Square
. As the style was losing favor in the East, it was gaining popularity further west. Stone carvers and masons trained in the Richardsonian manner appear to have taken the style west, until it died out in the early decades of the 20th century.
As an example, four small bank buildings were built in Richardsonian Romanesque style in
Osage County, Oklahoma
, during 1904?1911: the
Osage Bank of Fairfax
,
Bank of Hominy
,
Bank of Burbank
, and
Bank of Bigheart
.
[6]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
Notes
- ^
O'Brien, Marta (9 June 2008).
"Toronto's Third City Hall"
. Heritage Toronto
. Retrieved
2014-11-25
.
- ^
"National Register of Historic Places Inventory ?Nomination Form, Theodore Link Historic District"
(PDF)
.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
. September 11, 1980.
- ^
Freundt, Rachel (8 June 2017).
"How Louis Sullivan's organic architecture inspired Frank Lloyd Wright's Prairie School"
.
Curbed Chicago
. Retrieved
2022-06-28
.
- ^
"Kumla jarnvagsstation"
[Kumla Railway Station].
lansstyrelsen.se
(in Swedish)
. Retrieved
27 March
2019
.
Byggnaden ar starkt inspirerad av den amerikanske arkitekten Henry Hobson Richardssons arkitektur.
- ^
Johnson, Donald L. and Donald Langmead,
Makers of 20th Century Modern Architecture: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook
, Greenwood, 1997, p.290
- ^
Claudia Ahmad and George Carney (December 1983).
"National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Submission: Richardsonian Romanesque Banks of Osage County TR"
. National Park Service
. Retrieved
2008-02-12
.
Bibliography
- Kelsey, Mavis P. and Donald H. Dyal,
The Courthouses of Texas: A Guide
, Texas A&M University Press, College Station Texas 1993
ISBN
0-89096-547-1
- Kvaran, Einar Einarsson,
Architectural Sculpture in America
unpublished manuscript
- Kvaran, Einar Einarsson,
Starkweather Memorial Chapel, Highland Cemetery, Ypsilanti, Michigan
, Unpublished paper 1983
- Larson, Paul C., Editor, with Susan Brown,
The Spirit of H. H. Richardson on the Midwest Prairies
, University Art Museum, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis and Iowa State University Press, Ames 1988
- Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl,
H. H. Richardson: Complete Architectural Works
, MIT Press, Cambridge MA 1984
ISBN
0-262-15023-9
- Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, and Andersen, Dennis Alan,
Distant Corner: Seattle Architects and the Legacy of H. H. Richardson
, University of Washington Press, Seattle WA 2003
ISBN
0-295-98238-1
- Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold,
Henry Hobson Richardson and His Works
, Dover Publications, Inc. NY 1959 (Reprint of 1888 edition)
ISBN
0-486-22320-5
External links
[
edit
]
Media related to
Richardsonian Romanesque
(
category
) at Wikimedia Commons
|
---|
International
| |
---|
France
| |
---|
Germany, Austria-Hungary
| |
---|
Great Britain
| |
---|
Greece
| |
---|
Italy
| |
---|
Netherlands
| |
---|
Nordic countries
| |
---|
Portugal
| |
---|
Poland
| |
---|
Romania
| |
---|
Russian Empire and USSR
| |
---|
Serbia
| |
---|
Spain
| |
---|
United States
| |
---|
|
---|
Native and indigenous
| |
---|
Colonial and post-colonial
| |
---|
Early Republic
| |
---|
Mid-19th century
| |
---|
Victorian
| |
---|
Late-19th to
mid-20th century
| |
---|
Post?World War II
| |
---|
Building types and vernacular
| |
---|
Cities
| |
---|
States
| |
---|