Revisionism
is a term which emerged in the late 1990s and is applied to a group of
historiographic
theories related to the recent history of
Spain
. They are supposedly held together by posing a challenge to what is presented as a generally accepted, orthodox view on the history of the
Second Republic
and the
Civil War
. The term is used as stigmatization or abuse, and in usage it is paired with charges of incompetence at best or ill will at worst. Historians named revisionists reject the label and claim that no orthodox, canonical view of the recent past exists. Both groups blame each other for pursuing a hidden political agenda; those dubbed revisionists are branded conservatives or post-
Francoists
, their opponents are branded progressists and left-wingers.
History
[
edit
]
Until the late 1990s in Spain the term
revisionismo historico
was applied to various historiographic debates abroad, often though not always related to
Nazism
.
[1]
It was seldom used against the local background and its denotation could have varied, e.g. in 1988 the expression was employed to stand for scientific historiography.
[2]
According to scholars who later confronted revisionism, this general setting changed in the mid-1990s; the new government of
Jose Maria Aznar
launched a bid to revise the dominant historiographic view of the recent past.
[3]
In administrative terms the scheme was embodied e.g.
[4]
in
Plan de Mejora de la Ensenanza
,
[5]
a scheme aimed at re-design of the school curriculum, in 1997 proposed to the
Cortes
and eventually rejected.
[6]
In parallel the Right-wing administration mounted a public-discourse counter-offensive,
[7]
which climaxed in "Operacion Moa".
[8]
Its supposed result was commercial success of 3 books
[9]
which appeared on the market between 1999 and 2003; written by an amateur historian and
far-right
propagandist
Pio Moa
, they focused on the Second Republic and the Civil War.
[10]
Moa's books triggered adverse response. It was first embodied in a 1999 manifesto titled
Combate por la historia
; signed by historians, writers and public figures, it was the first to apply the term "revisionistas" to a group of unnamed Spanish historians, charged with distortions and falsifications.
[11]
In the early 21st century the name filtered into newspapers
[12]
and the phenomenon became a widely discussed topic, especially that also other books charged with revisionism were selling very well.
[13]
According to some scholars, the second term of the Aznar government reinforced the revisionist efforts,
[14]
expressed e.g. as another education plan advanced by
Real Academia de Historia
.
[15]
The anti-revisionist backlash climaxed in 2005-2006 as 3 books produced by professional historians and edited by
Alberto Reig Tapia
and
Francisco Espinosa Maestre
;
[16]
the volumes supposedly definitely dismantled the revisionist Moa narrative and at the time they were thought to have terminated the debate.
[17]
Instead of dying out, after 2005 the debate on revisionism flamed on and was brought to another level. To some extent sustained by adoption of
Ley de la Memoria Historica
in 2007,
[18]
the discussion transformed when a group of professional historians challenged the anti-revisionists; from that moment onwards the conflict was no longer between amateurs
[19]
and scholars, but between the scholars themselves. It reached another milestone in 2010-2011, the years when
Manuel Alvarez Tardio
and Roberto Villa Garcia published a general work on the Second Republic and when
RAH
-edited
Diccionario Biografico Espanol
published a biography of
Francisco Franco
.
[20]
The latter caused heated controversy mostly in popular discourse; according to many, the biography was revisionist and scandalous. The former had a low-profile but more lasting effect, and became a negative point of reference for many works confronting revisionist historiography.
[21]
The discussion on revisionism kept escalating and assumed increasingly militant tone. The next milestone was reached when in 2014
Stanley G. Payne
published his biography of Franco (co-authored by
Jesus Palacios Tapias
); at that point some concluded that revisionism was embraced by the world's most distinguished
Hispanists
.
[22]
Since then the debate has reached an unprecedented level and spilled over to global historiography.
[23]
It is also reflected in 2018 debates related to proposal of a new Ley de Memoria Historica.
[24]
Name and beyond
[
edit
]
Some scholars who confront the revisionist tide claim that the term "revisionism" as such is not by default deprecatory
[25]
and some authors considered champions of anti-revisionism declare themselves revisionists, naming skepticism a recommended historiographic approach.
[26]
They note that authors who strive to re-write history of Spain of the 20th century do not actually deserve the name of "revisionist" and should rather be called manipulators and liars; they are dubbed "self-proclaimed revisionists".
[27]
Others reserve the term for intellectuals like
de Felice
,
Nolte
,
Lachmann
or
Furet
and underline that the likes of Moa or Vidal are nowhere near their stature.
[28]
There are authors who agree that the name has been abused
[29]
and label their opponents rather as "pseudo-revisionists".
[30]
Finally, some scholars distinguish between "revisionism", the term reserved for amateurish writings of Moa or others, and "neo-revisionism", the term applied to scientifically grounded works pursuing similar yet not identical views.
[31]
Finally, few authors note that historiographic revision is generally welcome and needed, but "revisionism" by default stands for revision based on manipulation and has no place in the academic realm.
[32]
Most authors who rebuke attempts to distort and falsify history do not go into such detail and refer to "revisionismo historico" and "revisionistas". The name denotes an attempt to revise a generally accepted, proven scientific version of recent Spanish history and is applied to both "historiadores coyunturales" and "historiadores profesionales";
[33]
recently the term is applied not only to professionals in historiographic science but also to scholars who until their "enigmatic evolution" had been global icons of scientific Hispanism.
[34]
Sometimes in such cases the term is qualified as perfectly respectable scientific "revisionismo amable",
[35]
yet usually no such distinction is made. At times revisionism is divided into purist and comparative branches.
[36]
Sometimes two labels associated are "denialism"
[37]
and "negationism",
[38]
as the authors in question deny or negate generally accepted and supposedly proven historiographic concepts.
Though authors classified as revisionists are typically charged with nurturing post-Francoist, pro-Francoist, neo-Francoist, quasi-Francoist or plainly Francoist sentiments, some effort is made to distinguish between "Francoist historiography" and "revisionist historiography". The former is deemed actually orthodox in its Francoist set of old-style schemes and traits,
[39]
immune to discourse, straight continuation of pre-1975 narrative and represented by authors of older generation like
Ricardo de la Cierva
,
Vicente Palacio Atard
and
Fernando Vizcaino Casas
.
[40]
The latter is deemed to be a confrontational response to historiographic vision generally agreed after 1975. It is at times pictured as a school represented by a new generation of authors
[41]
often armed with modern scientific tools, some of these authors skilled if not excelling ? this is, until they embraced revisionism
[42]
- in historiographic craft.
[43]
It is only recently that in course of increasingly heated debate less and less attention is paid to tell Francoist historians from revisionist historians. Both groups might be bundled together, many threads and motives are supposed to prove continuity of their historiographic vision, and revisionism is painted as "almost 'Blue'".
[44]
Some critics of revisionism go even further and claim that it is actually an orthodox Francoist reading of history.
[45]
Works questioned
[
edit
]
There are some 10-15 books which come up repeatedly as negative points of reference of the anti-revisionist discourse, though further volumes might be referred less frequently or even occasionally. They roughly fall into two different categories.One is composed of loose essays, formatted for non-specialized reader and deprived of back matter, which usually forms part of scientific apparatus; this is the case of volumes published by Moa, Vidal, Martin Rubio or others. Another one is composed of fully fledged historiographic studies aimed for more experienced if not professional audience; this is the case of books published by Alvarez Tardio, Villa Garcia, del Rey Reguillo or others.
[
citation needed
]
Works from both categories most frequently charged with revisionism are listed below, precedence given to volumes which stand most prominently as key vehicles of revisionist narrative.
30 works most often referred as revisionist
|
Pio Moa,
Los mitos de la Guerra Civil
, Madrid 2003,
ISBN
9788497340939
[46]
|
Manuel Alvarez Tardio, Roberto Villa Garcia,
El precio de la exclusion. La politica durante la Segunda Republica
, Madrid 2010,
ISBN
9788499200309
[47]
|
Stanley G. Payne, Jesus Palacios,
Franco. A Personal and Political Biography
, London 2014,
ISBN
9780299302108
[48]
|
Fernando del Rey Reguillo (ed.),
Palabras como punos: la intransigencia politica en la Segunda Republica Espanola
, Madrid 2011,
ISBN
9788430952175
[49]
|
Alfonso Bullon de Mendoza, Luis Eugenio Togores (eds.),
Revision de la Guerra Civil Espanola
, Madrid 2002,
ISBN
9788497390002
[50]
|
Manuel Alvarez Tardio, Fernando del Rey Reguillo (eds.),
El laberinto republicano: la democracia espanola y sus enemigos (1931-1936)
, Madrid 2012,
ISBN
9788490063576
[51]
|
Gabriele Ranzato,
La grande paura del 1936. Come la Spagna precipito nella guerra civile
, Bari 2011,
ISBN
9788842096474
[52]
|
Cesar Vidal,
Paracuellos Katyn. Un ensayo sobre el genocidio de la izquierda
, Madrid 2005,
ISBN
9788496088320
[53]
|
Angel David Martin Rubio,
Los mitos de la represion en la Guerra Civil
, Baracaldo 2005,
ISBN
9788496899636
[54]
|
Jose Manuel Macarro Vera,
Socialismo, republica y revolucion en Andalucia (1931-1936)
, Sevilla 2000,
ISBN
9788447205998
[55]
|
Roberto Villa Garcia, Manuel Alvarez Tardio,
1936. Fraude y violencia en las elecciones del Frente Popular
, Madrid 2017,
ISBN
9788467049466
[56]
|
Stanley G. Payne.
El colapso de la Republica. Los origenes de la guerra civil (1933-1936)
, Madrid 2005,
ISBN
9788497343275
[57]
|
Manuel Alvarez Tardio,
El camino a la democracia en Espana. 1931 y 1978
, Madrid 2005,
ISBN
9788493465834
[58]
|
Fernando del Rey Reguillo,
Paisanos en lucha. Exclusion politica y violencia en la Segunda Republica espanola
, Madrid 2008,
ISBN
9788497429047
[59]
|
Pio Moa,
Los origines de la Guerra Civil Espanola
, Madrid 1999,
ISBN
9788474905267
[60]
|
Julius Ruiz,
The ‘Red Terror’ and the Spanish Civil War. Revolutionary Violence in Madrid
, Cambridge 2014,
ISBN
9781107682931
[61]
|
Cesar Vidal, Francisco Jimenez Losantos,
Historia de Espana
, vol. III:
De la Restauracion borbonica hasta el primer franquismo
, Barcelona 2010,
ISBN
9788408094593
|
Angel David Martin Rubio,
Paz, Perdon... y Verdad: La represion en la guerra civil. Una sintesis definitiva
, Toledo 1999,
ISBN
8488787162
[62]
|
Gabriele Ranzato,
El eclipse de la democracia. La Guerra Civil espanola (1936-1942)
, Madrid 2006,
ISBN
9788432312489
[63]
|
Jose Maria Marco,
Una historia patriotica de Espana
, Barcelona 2013,
ISBN
9788408112150
[64]
|
Jose Javier Esparza,
El terror rojo en Espana
, Madrid 2007,
ISBN
9788496840041
[65]
|
Mercedes Gutierrez Sanchez, Diego Palacios Cerezales (eds.),
Conflicto politico, democracia y dictadura
, Madrid 2007,
ISBN
9788425913761
[66]
|
Pio Moa,
El derrumbe de la segunda republica y la guerra civil
, Madrid 2001,
ISBN
9788474906257
[67]
|
Cesar Vidal,
Checas de Madrid
, Barcelona 2007,
ISBN
9788467445640
[68]
|
Bartolome Bennassar
,
El infierno fuimos nosotros. La guerra civil espanola (1936-1942...)
, Madrid 2005,
ISBN
9788430605873
[69]
|
Alfonso Bullon de Mendoza,
Jose Calvo Sotelo
, Barcelona 2004,
ISBN
9788434467187
[70]
|
Jose Maria Zavala,
Los gangsters de la Guerra Civil
, Barcelona 2007,
ISBN
9788483462881
[71]
|
Juan Blazquez Miguel,
Espana turbulenta: alteraciones, violencia y sangre durante la II Republica
, Madrid 2007,
ISBN
9788493299477
[72]
|
Alfonso Bullon de Mendoza, Luis Eugenio Togores Sanchez (eds.),
La Republica y la Guerra Civil setenta anos despues
, Madrid 2008,
ISBN
9788497390705
[73]
|
Enrique Sacanell,
El general Sanjurjo, heroe y victima. El militar que pudo evitar la dictadura franquista
, Madrid 2004,
ISBN
9788497342056
[74]
|
Charge:
re-fried Francoist fables
[
edit
]
The debate is centred on the Second Republic and to some extent on the Civil War, though occasionally also
Restoration
period
[75]
or Francoism
[76]
might come under scrutiny. A thesis initially advanced by anti-revisionist scholars was that after 1975 "mayoritario sector"
[77]
of Spanish historiography agreed a propaganda-free opinion on the Republic
[78]
and that in post-Francoist Spain there was no ideologically-motivated "war of historians";
[79]
revisionists were marked as these who tried to open such a war. Recently this position has changed and some anti-revisionists admit that indeed there might be some "areas of contention"
[80]
and controversies,
[81]
embodied in a debate between these who denounce "false orthodox canon" and these who denounce "revisionism".
[82]
However, many authors keep flagging revisionism as a social rather than historiographic phenomenon.
[83]
Revisionists are considered to be motivated by a desire to defame the Republic;
[84]
their key thesis is that the Civil War was caused by the Left.
[85]
This underlying bottom message is reportedly sustained by a number of more detailed concepts. One critic listed them in an ironic "decalogue of the revisionist": 1) pretend scientific neutrality; 2) disregard "structural history"; 3) try to demythologize the Republic; 4) present the Republic as exclusion; 5) blame the Left for radical revolutionism; 6) deny
CEDA
’s role of a
Fascist
Trojan horse
; 7) claim that
Bienio negro
was not so black; 8) underline that violence was equal on both sides; 9) criticize memoria historica as having nothing to do with history; 10) glorify the transition, made possible by Francoism.
[86]
Historians called revisionists are typically refused scientific credentials,
[87]
denied both to relatively young scholars
[41]
and to academic Hispanists who established their position during decades.
[88]
Some are presented as interested in selling books rather than in historical rigor.
[89]
The charge raised most frequently is that instead of establishing the truth their aim is to dismantle "liberal-left myths".
[90]
Since they are not honest
[91]
they do not qualify as scientists,
[92]
even though they very much pretend so
[93]
and constantly raise claims to a myth
[94]
of scientific "objectivity"
[95]
and "impartiality",
[84]
qualities which they are also denied.
[95]
The revisionists reportedly lack "modus operandi propiamente historiografico",
[45]
fail "to provide a balanced assessment",
[96]
demonstrate bias,
[97]
distort history,
[98]
resort to "pseudo-scientific" methods, manipulation
[99]
and deliberate falsification,
[100]
create new myths,
[39]
tend to be hysterical
[101]
and cultivate their own "pedagogics of hate".
[102]
An index of manipulative techniques used by the revisionists contains 5 key methods: 1) use of logical fallacies;
[103]
2) relativisation, reductionism and negationism; 3) mystification; 4) psychologization
[104]
and 5) mythologization.
[105]
The revisionist authors are "in the service of the political aims of the present",
[106]
their goal identified as to "whitewash the history of the Spanish right"
[107]
and to cover up Nationalist crimes.
[108]
They are linked to a range of political options and might be dubbed "historiographic Right",
[109]
"conservatives",
[101]
"neo-Conservatives",
[110]
"theo-conservatives",
[111]
"ultraconservatives",
[112]
"conservative/neo-Francoist",
[101]
"pro-Francoists",
[95]
"filofranquistas",
[113]
"regime's panegyrists and ideologized 'historians'",
[114]
"Francoist apologists"
[115]
and "authoritarians".
[116]
They are charged with exalting "pure Francoism",
[117]
sustaining "canon neofranquista",
[41]
"peddling discredited historical narrative",
[118]
"repackaging the legends of Francoist ‘historiography’",
[119]
serving "re-fried Francoist fables",
[118]
"almost 'Blue'" myths
[120]
and even nurturing "filonazismo".
[121]
The charges are supposed proven by political membership of some historians,
[122]
their publications in right-wing periodicals
[123]
or publishing houses,
[124]
links to right-wing institutions,
[125]
their set of "ideological bedmates"
[126]
or who they dined with.
[127]
At times their presence in public discourse is cast against the background of Holocaust denial and revisionism being punishable by law in countries like Germany.
[128]
[129]
Key conflicting theories
[
edit
]
Thesis presented as:
|
"Orthodox"
[130]
|
"Revisionist"
[131]
|
|
Second Republic was a standard parliamentary democratic regime of the time
|
Second Republic was tilted towards the Left, exclusive, and its democratic character was seriously flawed
[132]
|
Republic was from the onset threatened principally by Right-wing conspiracy
|
during its lifetime Republic was assaulted by the Right and by the Left
[133]
|
PSOE
was one of major constitutional forces of the Republic
|
PSOE viewed the Republic as a transitory regime, to be followed by some sort of popular democracy
[134]
|
CEDA was an authoritarian party bent on toppling the Republic
|
CEDA in principle remained loyal to the Republican regime
[135]
|
republican politicians like
Azana
by their moderate attitude contributed to stability of the regime
|
republican politicians like Azana by their sectarian attitude contributed to deterioration of the regime
[136]
|
radicalisation of politics during the Republic was caused principally by the Right-wing refusal to recognize the regime
|
radicalisation of politics during the Republic was caused principally by the Left-wing claim to ownership of the regime
[137]
|
1934 rising in Asturias
was directed against the Right and remained an uncontrolled outbreak of Left-wing violence
|
1934 rising in Asturias was directed against the Republic and formed a revolutionary prelude to the Civil War
[138]
|
1936 elections were clearly won by the
Popular Front
and minor irregularities had no tangible impact on the outcome
[139]
|
1936 elections were subject to serious fraud and manipulation, which might have given Popular Front the Cortes majority
[140]
|
Popular Front government was like any other constitutional government
|
Popular Front government was a proto-revolutionary one
[75]
|
until the
July coup
state structures operated as usual
|
following the 1936 elections state structures imploded
[118]
|
there was no imminent threat of Left-wing revolution in the early summer of 1936
|
in the early summer of 1936 the Republic was about to be converted into a revolutionary dictatorship
[141]
|
Republic collapsed because it was assaulted by the Right
|
Republic collapsed because it was unable to provide political solution to Spanish structural problems
[142]
|
July coup resulted from fundamental Right-wing refusal to recognize the Republic
|
July coup was provoked by the Left
[143]
|
in July 1936 the military intended to topple the Republic and set up an authoritarian or totalitarian regime
|
in July 1936 the military intended to topple the Popular Front government and re-define the Republican regime
|
Republic continued to exist after the July coup
|
the regime which emerged after the July coup was no longer the Second Republic
[144]
|
Spanish democracy endured until March 1939
|
Spanish democracy collapsed in the spring of 1936
|
Left-wing violence during the Civil War was reactive, spontaneous, bottom-up and opposed by the state
|
Left-wing violence during the Civil War was heavily related to new format adopted by the state, it was largely organized and instigated by official structures
[145]
|
Left-wing violence and Right-wing violence during the Civil War are uncomparable as they were distinct in structure and scale
|
Left-wing violence and Right-wing violence during the Civil War are comparable
[146]
|
violence in the
Republican zone
was a measure of self-defense
|
violence in the Republican zone was a measure of revolutionary terror
[147]
|
Nationalist
regime emerging during the Civil War was a fascist one
[148]
|
unqualified identification of the emerging Nationalist regime with fascism is an unacceptable oversimplification
[149]
|
in essence, the Spanish Civil War was a struggle between democracy and dictatorship
|
in essence, the Spanish Civil War was a struggle between revolution and counter-revolution
[150]
|
Counter-charge:
Republica no fue Caperucita Roja
[
edit
]
Authors referred to as revisionists do not adopt a uniform stand. Some implicitly accept the label since they openly format their works as challenge to alleged "myths", reportedly prevailing in historiography.
[151]
Some joined the anti-revisionist campaign and turned from iconic revisionists to iconic anti-revisionists.
[152]
Some ignore the term and do not take part in direct polemics.
[153]
Some assumed a combative position and in numerous articles, press statements and books they confront their opponents. There are authors dubbed revisionists who deny having anything in common with other "revisionists" and treat them in a derogatory manner,
[154]
there are authors who admit sharing similar views.
[155]
In general, they question existence of an orthodox, generally accepted historiographic vision of the Republic
[156]
and claim that historiography is about debate and plurality of opinions.
[157]
On this basis they maintain that no such thing as revisionism exists,
[158]
that the term is artificial construction which bundles together various scholars and opinions, and that by means of similar arbitrary judgments even icons of anti-revisionism like
Preston
might be counted in.
[159]
A somewhat sympathetic term alternative to "revisionism" is "Moaist revolution".
[160]
There is no name commonly applied to scholars who criticize supposed revisionism, though some coined the term "contrarrevisionismo".
[161]
They are at times referred to as "pequeno grupo de historiadores" who intend to monopolize the discourse by means of social, political and infrastructural network they had built.
[162]
To this end, they allegedly attempt to stigmatize all these who do not comply as pseudo-scientists, busy with dirty political agenda and not deserving a place in academic discourse. The anti-revisionist authors are presented as driven by their own prejudice,
[163]
ideologically motivated,
[164]
"politically committed"
[165]
and named "small group of historians determined to defend at all costs the vision of a sacred and ‘heroic’ republican democracy".
[166]
Their supposed political sympathies are clearly described as Left-wing, with references to "historiografia ‘progresista’",
[167]
"nueva [progressist] religion civil",
[168]
"anti-Fascist historiography",
[169]
"political correctness", "post-Marxist ideology",
[168]
"militant history"
[170]
and "anti-Francoist, progressive historians".
[171]
Their principal objective is described as further mythologization of the Republic; this stand is ironically referred by remarks that "Republic was not a
Little Red Riding Hood
".
[172]
Some revisionist authors take charges of their supposed Francoist sympathies very seriously. They demand from periodicals which published such opinions the right to reply and require individuals advancing such claims to retract them;
[173]
these demands usually produce no result except claims that by "threatening quasi-legal language" they intend to administratively limit free speech.
[101]
They also claim to have never endorsed the regime and diagnose that though there might have been a modest post-Francoist revival in some sectors of the Spanish media, all professional historians remained immune.
[174]
They reverse the charges and maintain that it is rather the "contrarrevisionistas" who demonstrate a Francoist heritage: unable of detaching science from politics, they reportedly view history in Manichean terms, refuse to acknowledge their analysis, and got locked in a schematic bi-polar logic.
[175]
These revisionists attempt to reverse also other charges directed at them and similarly denounce their opponents in terms who they dine with and where they publish,
[176]
e.g. by noting that one of the most militant anti-revisionists is related to a
Trotskyite
periodical.
[177]
They use
anti-intellectualism
to attempt to ridicule the pose of moral superiority, reportedly assumed by those lambasting revisionism,
[178]
and agonize about their alleged "personal smears".
[179]
Protagonists
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
- ^
see e.g.
ABC
17.11.98, available
here
- ^
Carlos Seco,
Un analisis objetivo del regimen de Franco
, [in:]
El Pais
23.07.88, available
here
- ^
Giovanni C. Cattini,
Historical revisionism. The reinterpretation of history in contemporary political debate
, [in:]
Transfer
06 (2011), p. 32, and many other similar claims made by other authors. Also historians who try to stay neutral in the revisionist-antirevisionist debate and strive to take equidistant position versus both camps adhere to the view that Aznar's government intended to impose a right-wing historiographical perspective, see e.g. Antonio Cazorla-Sanchez,
Memory and Cultural History of the Spanish Civil War
, Boston 2014,
ISBN
9789004259966
, pp. 31, 38.
- ^
other initiative supposed to derail public discourse was setting up
FAES
, Fabian Altemoller,
Die spanische extreme Rechte zwischen Metapolitik und Politik: Eine Analyse der Situierung der Nueva Derecha und der Adaption der Nouvelle Droite
, Berlin 2017,
ISBN
9783643137579
, p. 212,
Xose-Manoel Nunez Seixas
, Andreas Stucki,
Neueste Entwicklungen und Tendenzen der postdiktatorischen Geschichtskultur in Spanien
, [in:] Stefan Troebst, Susan Baumgartl (eds.),
Postdiktatorische Geschichtskulturen im Suden und Osten Europas
, Gottingen 2010,
ISBN
9783835306370
, p. 216, Xose-Manoel Nunez,
Ein endloser Erinnerungskrieg? Burgerkrieg, Diktatur und Erinnerungsdiskurs in der jungsten spanischen Geschichtswissenschaft
, [in:]
Neue Politische Literatur
55 (2010), p. 40
- ^
full name
Plan de Mejora de la Ensenanza de las Humanidades en el Sistema Educativo Espanol
- ^
Cattini 2011, p. 32
- ^
apart from FAES, its vehicles were the radio broadcast station COPE, electronic bulletin
Libertad Digital
and privately held popular dailies
ABC
and
El Mundo
, Sebastian Balfour,
El revisionismo historico y la Guerra Civil
, [in:]
Pasajes: Revista de pensamiento contemporaneo
19 (2006), p. 61
- ^
Eduardo Gonzalez Calleja
,
La historiografia sobre la violencia politica en la Segunda Republica espanola: una reconsideracion
, [in:]
Hispania Nova
11 (2013), p. 26
- ^
the most popular of them,
Los mitos de la guerra civil
, sold at least in 300,000 copies in Spain, see
here
. The result was typical for best-selling novels rather than for historiographic works, the latter sold at best in tens of thousands of copies.
Mitos
was also translated into a number of foreign languages and re-published in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2014 and 2018
- ^
titled
Los origenes de la guerra civil espanola
(1999),
Los personajes de la Republica vistos por ellos mismos
(2000) and especially
Los mitos de la guerra civil
(2003)
- ^
see
Combate por la historia
, [in:]
nodo50
service, available
here
- ^
see e.g.
La Vanguardia
20.11.02, available
here
- ^
e.g.
Paracuellos-Katyn
of Cesar Vidal sold at least in 45,000 copies, Manuel Munoz Navarrete,
Revisando a los revisionistas
, Dublin 2009, p. 4. Authors of books considered revisionist and published before 2010 were mostly non-professional historians, like Cesar Alcala, Federico Jimenez Losantos, Jose Javier Esparza or Jose Maria Zavala
- ^
"coincidiendo con la segunda legislatura del Partido Popular (2000-2004) y en sintonia con el poder politico se produjo un embate revisionista", Francisco Espinosa Maestre,
El fenomeno revisionista o los fantasmas de la derecha espanola
, Badajoz 2005,
ISBN
9788488956682
, cover page
- ^
Cattini 2011, p. 33, Antonio Bernat Montesinos,
Estrategias de revisionismo historico y pedagogia del odio
, [in:]
Annuario de Pedagogia
9 (2007), p. 77
- ^
Francisco Espinosa Maestre,
El fenomeno revisionista o los fantasmas de la derecha espanola
(2005), Alberto Reig Tapia,
Anti-Moa
(2006), Alberto Reig Tapia,
Revisionismo y politica. Pio Moa revisitado
(2008)
- ^
Edward Malefakis,
La Segunda Republica y el revisionismo
, [in:]
El Pais
12.01.11, available
here
- ^
Enrique Moradiellos,
Revision historica critica y pseudo-revisionismo politico presntista: el caso de la Guerra Civil Espanola
, Badajoz 2011, p. 13. The law triggered another historiographic protest manifesto, titled
Manifiesto por la Verdad Historica
and signed among others by Federico Jimenez, Cesar Vidal, Jose Maria Marco, Pedro Schwartz, Ricardo de la Cierva and Jesus Palacios, Montesinos 2007, p. 55
- ^
"aparte de Stanley Payne, no les respaldo ningun historiador profesional importante", Malefakis 2011
- ^
some scholars claim that publication of the biogram exposed "the limits of post-Francoist democratization", Chris Ealham,
The Emperor's New Clothes: 'Objectivity' and Revisionism in Spanish History
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
48/1 (2012), p. 192
- ^
especially the 2012 volume
En el combate por la historia
, edited by Angel Vinas, see Ealham 2012, pp. 193-194, Peter Anderson,
Knowing and Acknowledging Spain’s Dark Civil War Past
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
52/1 (2017), p. 135
- ^
even junior students with no previous scientific contribution do not hesitate to assert that since the late 1990s Payne's "credibility started to decline", that he turned into "almost an apologist of the Franco regime", that his stature "has plummeted from a respectful and significant historian to an almost apologist", and that due to his "propaganda-like work" Payne "has no objectivity"; the MA hopeful then proceeds to lecture Payne and other scholars how a properly written historiographic work should look like, Ascenett Martinez-Lopez,
The Spanish Predisposition. Biases within the Historiography and Memory of the Spanish Civil War
[MA thesis University of Newcastle], Newcastle 2017, pp. 8 and passim. The thesis was supervised by one of the anti-revisionists, Alejandro Quiroga
- ^
the debate on revisionism was taken up mostly by British and American scholars, compare contributions of Peter Anderson, Sebastian Balfour, Gerard Blaney Jr., Cathie Carmichael, Chris Ealham, Helen Graham, Stanley G. Payne, Samuel Pierce, Paul Preston, Tim Rees, Michael Richards, Richard A. Robinson, Michael Seidman, Robert Stradling, Nigel Townson and Mary Vincent, see e.g. sections in
Journal of Contemporary History
or
European History Quarterly
in issues from 2006 to 2017. Beyond the English-speaking world the topic is barely present though noticed, see especially Fabian Altemoller,
Die spanische extreme Rechte zwischen Metapolitik und Politik
, Berlin 2017,
ISBN
9783643137579
, and Gabriele Ranzato,
Il passato di bronzo: L'eredita della guerra civile nella Spagna democratica
, Bari 2014,
ISBN
9788858118627
- ^
for the draft version of the law see
here
. The authors claim that new regulations are "moral duty" towards victims of the war and Francoism. The opponents claim that the proposal advances "soviet-style regulations". Many revisionist authors (Payne, Martin Rubio, Palacios, Togores, Seidman, Gonzalez Cuevas, Moa) signed a protest letter against the draft, see
La Gaceta
15.03.2018, available
here
- ^
Ricardo Robledo,
Historia cientifica vs. historia de combate en la antesala de la Guerra Civil
, [in:]
Studia historica. Historia contemporanea
32 (2014), p. 77
- ^
Alvaro Morales,
Paul Preston: "Los historiadores serios siempre estamos haciendo revisionismo"
, [in:]
El Dia
12.10.06, available
here
- ^
Morales 2006
- ^
Pedro Carlos Gonzalez Cuevas,
¿Revisionismo historico en Espana?
, [in:]
El Catoblepas
82 (2008), p. 14, available
here
- ^
Moradiellos 2011, p. 3
- ^
Gonzalez Cuevas 2008, p. 14
- ^
the reported difference is that neo-revisionism does not advance catastrophist perspective, and that it falls into 2 streams: "purist" (which assaults the Republic altogether) and "comparative" (which denigrates the Republic by comparing its output with results of the
peaceful transition
of the 1970s, Malefakis 2011
- ^
Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 52
- ^
Moradiellos 2009, p. 3, Eduardo Gonzalez Calleja,
La historiografia sobre la violencia politica en la Segunda Republica espanola: una reconsideracion
, [in:]
Hispania Nova
11 (2013), p. 25
- ^
Ricardo Robledo,
De leyenda rosa e historia cientifica: notas sobre el ultimo revisionismo de la Segunda Republica
, [in:]
Cahiers de civilisation espagnole contemporaine
2 (2015), p. 6
- ^
Julio Gil Pecharroman,
Revisionismo amable
, [in:]
Revista de Libros
11.11.14, p. 1
- ^
Malefakis 2011
- ^
Ismael Saz
,
Va de revisionismo
, [in:]
Historia del Presente
17 (2011), p. 164
- ^
Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 27
- ^
a
b
Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 53
- ^
Moradiellos 2009, p. 17
- ^
a
b
c
Robledo 2015, p. 4
- ^
one anti-revisionist scholar examines the life and work of Stanley G. Payne to verify whether his "prestige was matched with an exemplary professional praxis" and concluded that it was not, see Francisco J. Rodriguez Jimenez,
Stanley G. Payne, ¿Una trayectoria academica ejamplar?
[in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015, pp. 183-210
- ^
"el revisionismo prospero ... hasta 2006, cuando sus argumentos principales quedaron desacreditados" by literature commemorating 70th anniversary of the war and 75h anniversary of proclamation of the Republic, Malefakis 2011, see also Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 27
- ^
see Chris Ealham,
"Myths" and the Spanish Civil War: Some Old, Some Exploded, Some Clearly Borrowed and Some Almost "Blue"
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
42/2 (2007), pp. 365-376. The blue color is supposed to indicate Francoist leaning, as the Francoist Falange sported blue shirts
- ^
a
b
Moradiellos 2009, p. 4
- ^
Carmen Gonzalez Martinez,
’El pasado no esta muerto ni es pasado’: historiografia de la Guerra Civil y revisionismo en el ano de la memoria historica
, [in:] Gonzalo Capellan de Miguel, Julio Perez Serrano (eds.),
Sociedad de masas, medios de comunicacion y opinion publica
, Madrid 2008, vol. 1,
ISBN
9788496637498
, p. 59, Bernat 2007, p. 55, Rodrigo 2004, p. 185, Sevillano 2007, p. 183
- ^
Ealham 2012, p. 191, Pierce 2011, p. 176-178, Robledo 2014, p. 77, Robledo 2015, p. 9, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 90, Luis Carlos Navarro Perez,
El largo Carnaval de 1936 en un pueblo del Sur. Una reflexion sobre las causas de la violencia
, [in:] Rafael Quirosa-Cheyrouze Munoz, Monica Fernandez Amador (eds.),
Miradas al pasado reciente: de la II Republica a la Transicion
, Almeria 2014,
ISBN
9788416027736
, p. 103. For a review which agrees that according to the authors the Republic was not "democracia autenticamente liberal y plural" yet which hails the authors for their rigorous work see e.g. Julio de la Cueva Merino,
Resena: El precio de la exclusion
, [in:]
Historia Contemporanea
44 (2012), pp. 371-374
- ^
Vinas 2017, p. 124, Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
] 2015,
- ^
Robledo 2014, p. 77, Robledo 2015, p. 11, Navarro Perez 2014, p. 103, Jose Luis Ledesma,
Franco y las violencias de la guerra civil
, [in:] Angel Vinas,
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
] 2015, p. 160, Chris Ealham,
La historia social, el (neo-) revisionismo y el mapa de la izquierda espanola de los anos 30
, [in:]
Historia Social
86 (2016), p. 142
- ^
Angel Ramon del Valle Calzado,
Los origenes del conflicto. El problema de la tierra en Castilla-La Mancha
, [in:]
Francisco Alia Miranda
, Angel Ramon del Valle Calzado, Olga M. Morales Encinas (eds.),
La guerra civil en Castilla-La Mancha, 70 anos despues: actas del Congreso Internacional
, Cuenca 2008,
ISBN
9788484275558
, p. 190, Juan Andres Blanco Rodriguez,
La historiografia de la guerra civil espanola
, [in:]
Hispania Nova
7 (2007), p. 26, Javier Rodrigo,
Los mitos de la derecha historiograflca. Sobre la memoria de la guerra civil y el revisionismo a la espanola
, [in:]
Historia del presente
3 (2004), p. 188, Hugo Garcia,
La historiografia de la Guerra Civil en el nuevo siglo
, [in:]
Ayer
62 (2006), p. 287, Francisco J. Rodriguez Jimenez,
Aproximacion a la historiografia estadounidense sobre la Guerra Civil Espanola
, [in:]
Studia historica. Historia contemporanea
32 (2014), p. 474, Ricardo Robledo,
El giro ideologico en la historia contemporanea espanola: “Tanto o mas culpables fueron las izquierdas”
, [in:] Carlos Forcadell, Ignacio Peiro, Mercedes Yusta (eds.),
El pasado en construccion. Revisionismos historicos en la historiografia contemporanea
, Zaragoza, 2015,
ISBN
9788499113364
, p. 323
- ^
Ealham 2012, p. 191, Quiroga 2013, p. 519-522, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 16, Robledo 2014, p. 77, Robledo 2015, p. 9, Ledesma 2015, p. 160
- ^
Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 15, Robledo 2015, p. 11, Ledesma 2015, p. 160
- ^
Bernat 2007, p. 61, Sevillano 2007, p. 185, Munoz Navarrete 2009, pp. 6, 28-30, Xose-Manoel Nunez Seixas, Andreas Stucki,
Neueste Entwicklungen und Tendenzen der postdiktatorischen Geschichtskultur in Spanien
, [in:] Stefan Troebst, Susan Baumgartl (eds.),
Postdiktatorische Geschichtskulturen im Suden und Osten Europas
, Gottingen 2010,
ISBN
9783835306370
, p. 217
- ^
Gonzalez Martinez 2008, p. 59, Xose-Manoel Nunez,
Ein endloser Erinnerungskrieg? Burgerkrieg, Diktatur und Erinnerungsdiskurs in der jungsten spanischen Geschichtswissenschaft
, [in:]
Neue Politische Literatur
55 (2010), p. 41
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 5, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 21, Riesco Roche 2015, pp. 118, 123
- ^
Eduardo Gonzalez Calleja, Francisco Sanchez Perez,
Revisando el revisionismo. A proposito del libro 1936. Fraude y violencia en las elecciones del Frente Popular
, [in:]
Historia Contemporanea
58 (2018), pp. 851-881, Diego Caro Cancela,
El canon del revisionismo y la historia local. A proposito de "1936.Fraude y violencia en las elecciones del Frente Popular"
, [in:]
Academia
service (2017), available
here
, Angel Luis Lopez Villaverde,
Lo que la ‘verdad’ esconde. A proposito de fraudes y violencias en 1936
, [in:]
ctxt
service 03.05.2017, available
here
, Agustin Moreno,
Reino de Espana: El retorno de los mitos franquistas
, [in:]
SinPermiso
service 23.04.2017, available
here
. For overview of what is presented as insults directed at the authors see
Insultos en las redes contra el libro ‘1936: Fraude y Violencia
, [in:]
InterEconomia
service 15.03.2017, available
here
- ^
Gonzalez Martinez 2008, p. 59, Ealham 2007, pp. 365-370, Robledo 2015, p. 11, Ealham 2015, p. 137
- ^
Robledo 2014, p. 78
- ^
Robledo 2014, p. 77, Robledo 2015, p. 10, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 21. Riesco Roche 2015, p. 124, Navarro Perez 2014, p. 103, Ledesma 2015, p. 160
- ^
Rodrigo 2004, p. 185, Sevillano 2007, p. 183
- ^
Thomas 2017, p. 145, Marco 2017, p. 161, Ealham 2007, p. 365, Richards 2007, p. 10
- ^
Gonzalez Martinez 2008, p. 64
- ^
Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 15
- ^
Robledo 2015, pp. 4, 11
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 12, Moradiellos 2009, p. 12
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 11, Ledesma 2015, p. 160
- ^
Richards 2007, p. 10, Rodrigo 2004, p. 185, Sevillano 2007, p. 183
- ^
Nunez Seixas, Stucki 2010, p. 217
- ^
"a veces bastante ‘revisionista’", Delaunay 2014, p. 440, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 11
- ^
referred as revisionist in Nunez Seixas, Stucki 2010, p. 217
- ^
Thomas 2017, p. 146, Robledo 2015, p. 12
- ^
Ledesma 2015, p. 160
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 323, Nunez 2010, p. 41
- ^
Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 27
- ^
a
b
Ealham 2007, p. 368, Ealham 2012, p. 195
- ^
see e.g. Robledo 2015, p. 8
- ^
Gil Pecharroman 2014, p. 2
- ^
"consenso que existia", Ricardo Robledo,
El giro ideologico en la historia contemporanea espanola: “Tanto o mas culpables fueron las izquierdas”
, [in:] Carlos Forcadell, Ignacio Peiro, Mercedes Yusta (eds.),
El pasado en construccion. Revisionismos historicos en la historiografia contemporanea
, Zaragoza, 2015,
ISBN
9788499113364
, p. 304
- ^
which allegedly renders the Spanish historiographic debate different from the German one, compared to ideologically-driven "war of historians", Julian Casanova,
Republic, Civil War and Dictatorships: The Peculiarities of Spanish History
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
52/1 (2017), p. 149
- ^
one scholars lists 5 "areas of contention": explanation for the failure of the Second Republic, 2) responsibilities for the Civil War, 3) reasons for Franco’s victory, 4) nature and size of repression during the war and afterwards, 5) Franco’s role in modernization of Spain, Angel Vinas,
On the 80th Anniversary of the Spanish Civil War
. [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
52/1 (2017), p. 123
- ^
Francisco Sevillano Calero,
El revisionismo historiografico sobre el pasado reciente en Espana
, [in:]
Pasado y Memoria
6 (2007), p. 189
- ^
Casanova 2017, p. 149
- ^
the reasons supposedly responsible for emergence of revisionism in Spain are 1) use of the past for political militancy of the left, 2) generational change, 3) new international background, especially the fall of communism,, 4) idealisation of the Republic; 5) partial militancy of Movimiento para la Recuperacion de la Memoria Historica, Moradiellos 2009, pp. 17-25
- ^
a
b
Robledo 2014, p. 76
- ^
Chris Ealham,
Social history, (Neo-)revisionism and mapping the 1930s Spanish left
, [in:]
Labor history
58 (2017), pp. 245-270, available
here
- ^
Robledo 2014, pp. 92-94
- ^
they are at best admitted to cultivate "self-proclaimed 'science'" Robledo 2014, p. 76
- ^
Stanley G. Payne, who has been contributing to historiography on contemporary Spain for 5 decades, is ridiculed that "the reader may wonder whether they [Payne and authors of recommended latest studies] even refer to the same country", Vinas 2017, p. 123. Also a veteran French Hispanist Bartolome Bennassar found himself under fire for revisionist flavor of his recent work, "a veces bastante ‘revisionista’",Jean-Marc Delaunay,
Miradas francesas sobre la Guerra Civil
, [in:]
Studia Historica. Historia contemporanea
32 (2014), p. 440, similar hints in Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 11. A vastly experienced Polish Hispanish, Jan Kieniewicz, was charged with sustaining revisionist concepts by Olga Glondys,
Entre la propaganda y la verdad: cambios del paradigma en el discurso polaco sobre la guerra civil espanola
, [in:]
Studia Historica
32 (2014), p. 509
- ^
Roberto Villa Garcia,
The Second Republic: Myths and Realities
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), p. 421
- ^
Ealham 2007, p. 372
- ^
Manuel Alvarez Tardio,
¿Para cuando un debate historico sin prejuicios? A proposito de la resena de Samuel Pierce sobre El Precio de la Exclusion. La politica durante la Segunda Republica
, [in:]
Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies
36/1 (2011), p. 156
- ^
they are referred to as "historians" in quotation marks, Ealham 2007, p. 366
- ^
"pretendiamente objetivas y equilibradas" but in fact "escribiendo el libro negro de la Republica", Robledo 2015, p. 2
- ^
"objective" history is ridiculed as a "nineteenth-century belief", made outdated by "hermeneutics, epistemology and their implications for historiography", Chris Ealham,
“Cry babies” or authoritarians? An investigation into the inability of Spain’s historical revisionists to accept criticism
[working paper in progress], p. 1, available
here
- ^
a
b
c
Ealham 2013, p. 193
- ^
Samuel Pierce,
Review: Manuel Alvarez Tardio and Roberto Villa Garcia, El precio de la exclusion: la politica durante la Segunda Republica
, [in:]
Bulletin for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies
35/1 (2011), p. 178
- ^
Gary Raymond,
The Spanish Holocaust by Paul Preston
, [in:]
Wales Arts Review
2012, available
here
- ^
Ealham 2017, p. 245
- ^
Bernat Montesinos 2007, pp. 47, 52
- ^
Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 25
- ^
a
b
c
d
Ealham [ongoing], p. 2
- ^
Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 94
- ^
e.g. "ad populum" or "post hoc ergo propter hoc"
- ^
"psicologizacion de la responsabilidad", Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 65
- ^
Bernat Montesinos 2007, pp. 56-69
- ^
Ealham 2007, p. 367; "perhaps it would be more ‘honest’ if would-be ‘objective’ historians came clean about their political agenda", Ealham 2012, p. 197
- ^
Ealham 2012, p. 202
- ^
the intention to cover up Nationalist crimes is posed as attempt not to "re-open the wounds", Robledo 2015, p. 2; the same declaration is held tantamount to refusal to investigate, incompatible with historian’s craft, Anderson 2017, p. 130, Maria Thomas,
Political Violence in the Republican Zone of Spain during the Spanish Civil War: Evolving Historiographical Perspectives
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
52/1 (2017), p. 147
- ^
Javier Rodrigo,
Los mitos de la derecha historiograflca. Sobre la memoria de la guerra civil y el revisionismo a la espanola
, [in:]
Historia del presente
3 (2004), p. 185
- ^
Ealham 2007, p. 370 Ealham 2007, p. 370
- ^
Ealham 2013, p. 194
- ^
Francisco Sanchez Perez,
El ‘heroe’ frente a la maligna republica
, [in:]
Hispania Nova
2015 (extraordinary issue), p. 92
- ^
Moradiellos 2009, p. 14
- ^
Ealham 2007, p. 366
- ^
Alvarez Tardio 2011, p. 156
- ^
Ealham [ongoing], p. 1
- ^
a
b
Robledo 2015, p. 5
- ^
a
b
c
Ealham 2007, p. 367
- ^
Ealham 2007, pp. 367-368
- ^
Ealham 2007, p. 365
- ^
the charge of nurturing "filonazismo" is perhaps the most far-reaching one presented in the scholarly realm (anonymous cyberspace excluding). It was put forward by Xose Manoel Nunez Seixas,
Los vencedores vencidos: la peculiar memoria de la Division Azul, 1945-2005
, [in:]
Pasado y memoria: Revista de historia contemporanea
4 (2005), p. 96. Perhaps to avoid legal action, the charge was addressed to an unnamed group of "young historians"
- ^
revisionists are even more damned as the parties they engage have reportedly never condemned Francoism, Robledo 2014, p. 80
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 5, Ealham 2012, p. 198, Robledo 2014, p. 79
- ^
like Editorial Encuentro
- ^
for FAES see Robledo 2015, p. 2, Robledo 2014, p. 79, for RAH as "thoroughly undemocratic" institution "unrepresentative of Spanish historical profession", see Ealham 2012, p. 192
- ^
Chris Ealham,
The Emperor’s New Clothes: ‘Objectivity’ and Revisionism in Spanish History
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
48/1 (2013), p. 192
- ^
see e.g. comments on Payne dining with Moa, Robledo 2015, p. 6
- ^
Sebastian Balfour,
The concept of historical revisionism: Spain since the 1930s
, [in:]
International Journal of Iberian Studies
21/3 (2008), pp. 179-18
- ^
Sevillano Calero 2007, p. 187, Richard J. Evans,
Debate ? Public Memory, Political Violence and the Spanish Civil War
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
52/1 (2017), p. 118. While scholarly periodicals maintain some restraint, in some popular media a thesis that the Spanish revisionists are Holocaust-deniers is advanced almost openly, compare "?perpetran en Espana algunos historiadores de mentira que de un tiempo a esta parte publican con exito versiones actualizadas de los infundios de la propaganda franquista; o lo de quienes, digamos, aseguran que Auschwitz fue en realidad un balneario con fines beneficos”, Javier Cercas,
Revisar la revision
, [in:]
El Pais
31.05.07
- ^
for a concise, scholarly, recently published, all-round "orthodox" vision of the Republic and the Civil War see Julian Casanova,
A Short History of the Spanish Civil War
, New York 2013,
ISBN
9780857733047
; it was re-printed a number of times, with recent edition in 2019
- ^
for a concise, scholarly, recently published, all-round "revisionist" vision of the Republic and the Civil War see Stanley G. Payne,
The Spanish Civil War
, London 2012,
ISBN
9781139536240
; it was re-printed a number of times, with recent edition in 2019
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 6, Ealham 2007, p. 367, Ealham 2012, p. 195, Robledo 2014, p. 92, Blaney 2017, p. 418, Vinas 2017, pp. 123?124
- ^
Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 35, Robledo 2014, p. 93, Sevillano Calero 2007, p. 186, Vinas 2017, pp. 123-124
- ^
Robledo 2014, pp. 92?3, Blaney 2017, p. 413, Alvarez Tardio 2016, p. 426
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 3, Ealham 2007, p. 369, Gonzalez Cuevas 2008, Vinas 2017, pp. 123?124
- ^
Robledo 2014, pp. 86, 89
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 3, Pierce 2011, p. 177, Ealham 2007, p. 367, Robledo 2014, p. 93
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 3, Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 54
- ^
Jose Luis Martin Ramos,
Mucho ruido y pocas nueces. La falsedad del fraude del Frente popular
, [in:]
Mucho ruido y pocas nueces. La falsedad del fraude del Frente popular
, [in:]
Nuestra Historia: revista de Historia de la FIM
3 (2017), pp. 142-162
- ^
Manuel Alvarez Tardio, Roberto Villa Garcia,
1936, fraude y violencia en las elecciones del Frente Popular
, Barcelona 2017, ISBN 9788467049466
- ^
Ealham 2007, p. 367, Vinas 2017, pp. 123-124
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 3, Casanova 2017, p. 149
- ^
Ealham 2007, p. 367, Sevillano Calero 2007, p. 183, Vinas 2017, pp. 123-124
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 6
- ^
?In contrast, the repression in the Republican zone was hot-blooded and reactive”,
Spanish Holocaust
xii-xiii, same opinion in Cathie Carmichael,
The Need to Record the Past
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), p. 438, Anderson 2017, p. 134, Julian Casanova, Santos Julia Diaz (ed.),
Victimas de la guerra civil
, Madrid 1999, p. 132, Javier Tusell,
Historia de Espana en el siglo XX
, vol. II, Madrid 1998,
ISBN
9788430606306
- ^
"todos fueron culpables", Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 35, Anderson 2017, p. 134, Thomas 2017, p. 145
- ^
for a review from a revisionist perspective see Julius Ruiz,
Seventy Years On: Historians and Repression During and After the Spanish Civil War
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
44/3 (2009), pp. 449?472
- ^
a very peculiar and far-reaching theory, based on this understanding, is "that the Spanish state [i.e. the one defined in the 1978 constitution and functional in 2020] is postfascist", Ignasi Bernat, David Whyte,
Postfascism in Spain: the struggle for Catalonia
, [in:]
Critical Sociology
46 (2020), p. 761
- ^
both schools discussed briefly in Glicerio Sanchez Recio,
En torno a la dictadura franquista
, [in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015, p. 244
- ^
thesis attributed in particular to Payne, who in turn is deemed influenced by Burnett Bolloten, compare e.g. Angel Vinas,
Como dar gato por liebre a base de banalidades
, [in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015, p. 16, Rodriguez Jimenez 2015, p. 34
- ^
Roberto Villa Garcia,
The Second Republic: Myths and Realities
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), p. 422
- ^
the case of Edward Malefakis, initially charged with revisionism. Before death he vehemently condemned "franquismo-moaismo"
- ^
the case of Stanley G. Payne. Though he has been charged with revisionism at least since 2007, he has been steering clear of revisionism-related debates. He has not resigned from scientific council of
Journal of Contemporary History
, the periodical which a number of times published contributions which deny him scientific credentials and allude to his Francoist sympathies. His only voice on revisionism identified is that "para los historiadores de izquierda del siglo XXI hay una verdad inamovible, que no se puede cambiar y nadie puede cuestionar. Han adquirido la misma postura que la antigua Iglesia catolica. Son los nuevos catolicos espanoles del siglo XVII", Cesar Cervera,
Stanley G. Payne: ≪La resistencia de Espana es impresionante, los espanoles lo han soportado todo≫
, [in:]
ABC
22.02.17
- ^
some claim to have "absolutamente nada" in common with Moa, Fernando del Rey,
Por la Republica. La sombra del franquismo en la historiografia ‘progresista’,
[in:]
Studia historica. Historia contemporanea
33 (2015), p. 307
- ^
see e.g. Federico Sesia,
A conversation with Stanley G. Payne
, [in:]
Identita Nazionale
service, available
here
- ^
"nunca ha existido consenso en la historiografia academica sobre la Republica", Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 308
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2015, pp. 303-305
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 306
- ^
one scholar notes that since Preston wrote a highly critical book on Santiago Carillo he might be classified as the one who unduly shifts attention from Nationalist crimes away to the Republican ones, Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 310
- ^
Rob Stradling,
Moaist Revolution and the Spanish Civil War: ‘Revisionist’ History and Historical Politics
, [in:]
English Historical Review
CXXII/496 (2007), pp. 442-457
- ^
Gonzalez Cuevas 2008,
similar term used also with reference to popular culture in Marie Guiribitey,
Soldados de Salamina (2001): Cercas en busca de un heroe con el instinto de la virtud,
, [in:]
The Coastal Review
2/1 (2008), p. 2
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 302
- ^
Alvarez Tardio 2011, pp. 153-157
- ^
Manuel Alvarez Tardio,
When Ideology Takes Precedence over Historical Understanding: The Role of the ‘Right’ in the Spanish Interwar Crisis
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), p. 426
- ^
Fernando del Rey,
The Spanish Second Republic and Political Violence
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), pp. 432-433
- ^
del Rey 2015, p. 432
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2016, p. 301
- ^
a
b
Gonzalez Cuevas 2008
- ^
Antonio Cazorla-Sanchez,
‘Beyond They Shall Not Pass. How the Experience of Violence Re-shaped Political Values in Franco’s Spain
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
40/3 (2005), pp. 503?520
- ^
Ruiz 2012, p. 201
- ^
Nigel Townson,
Preface
, [in:] Manuel A lvarez Tardıo, Roberto Villa Garcia,
El precio de la exclusion: La politica durante la Segunda Republica
, Madrid, 2010,
ISBN
9788499200309
, p. viii
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 84
- ^
e.g. Rey and Tardio demanded that Alejandro Quiroga retracts his references to their pro-Francoist sympathies, accusations, made in
European History Quarterly
, Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 305
- ^
del Rey 2016, p. 432
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 321, del Rey 2016, p. 433
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 313
- ^
Chris Ealham used to publish in
International Review
, a periodical issues by Socialist Workers’ Party, Roberto Villa Garcia,
The Second Republic: Myths and Realities
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), p. 423
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 304
- ^
Gerald Blaney,
Violence, Continuity, and the Spanish State: Some Considerations
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), p. 416
- ^
Preston point of reference - Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 56, Ealham 2007, p. 370, Ealham 2012, p. p 198, Vinas 2017, p. 126, Anderson 2017, p. 137-138, Thomas 2017, pp. 142-3, Casanova 2017, pp. 155-6, "autor por excelencia del contrarrevisionismo espanol ha sido ?y es? el historiador britanico Paul Preston", Gonzalez Cuevas 2008, juxtaposed against revisionist bias, Raymond 2012, also himself lambasting Moa and Vidal as propagandists, who brought disrepute to the name of historian, Alvaro Morales,
Paul Preston: "Los historiadores serios siempre estamos haciendo revisionismo"
, [in:]
El Dia
12.10.06, available
here
, Preston's work "has become a weapon in the Spanish ‘memory wars’", del Rey 2016, p. 431
- ^
Robledo 2015, pp. 5-7, Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 55, Ealham 2007, p. 367, Ealham 2012, p. 192, Gil Pecharroman 2014, p. 1, Moradiellos 2009, p. 9, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, pp. 26-27, Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 306, Jorge Marco,
Francoist Crimes: Denial and Invisibility
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
52/1 (2017), p. 161, and especially the entire volume dedicated to repudiate Payne, Angel Vinas,
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015
- ^
Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 54, Gonzalez Cuevas 2008. Position of Reig Tapia as chief anti-revisinist is secured by 3 volumes he published, all dedicated exclusively to dismantle revisionist myths and published between 2008 and 2017
- ^
Vinas Martin 2012, Vinas Martin 2015, Vinas Martin 2017. By opponents Vinas is considered the most dogmatic leader of "contrarrevisionistas", who customarily dismisses any disagreement as "revisionismo neofranquista", Pedro Carlos Gonzalez Cuevas,
Jose Carlos Mainer Baque: Falange y literatura
, [in:]
La Razon Historica
29 (2015), p. 166
- ^
Espinosa Maestre 2005, Espinosa Maestre 2012, Gonzalez Cuevas 2008
- ^
Robledo 2014, Robledo 2015, also Ricardo Robledo Hernandez,
Entorn del revisionisme sobre la segona Republica
, [in:]
L' Avenc
399 (2014), pp. 6-7, Ricardo Robledo Hernandez,
El giro ideologico en la historia contemporanea espanola: "tanto o mas culpables fueron las izquierdas"
, [in:] Carlos Forcadell Alvarez, Mercedes Yusta Rodrigo, Ignacio Peiro Martin (eds.),
El pasado en construccion: revisionismos historicos en la historia
, Madrid 2015,
ISBN
9788499113364
, pp. 303-338
- ^
compare Ealham 2007, Ealham 2012, Ealham 2017, Ealham ongoing
- ^
in the 1999 Combate manifiesto he was counted among "mandarines de la Historia Oficial", Moradiellos 2009, p. 11. Later he assumed anti-revisionist stand. In 2017 he posed as impartial scholar in-between these fighting "false orthodox canon" and "revisionism", yet
Journal of Contemporary History
published his piece among others assaulting the revisionists and Casanova placed himself among those who "have proved" that "the Civil War was not caused by the Republic", Casanova 2017, p. 149. He also admitted that to him, revisionist authors are neo-Francoists,
Yo no los llamo revisionistas, sino neofranquistas
, [in:]
meneame
service, available
here
. See also
Julian Casanova: una intrevista
, [in:]
antoncastro
service, available
here
- ^
Bernat Montesinos 2007
- ^
Cattini 2011, p. 34, Robledo 2015, p. 4, Pierce 2011, p. 177, Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 53, Ealham [ongoing], p. 1, Ealham 2007, p. 367, Ealham 2012, p. 193, Gil Pecharroman 2014, p. 1, Javier Tusell,
El revisionismo historico espanol
, [in:]
El Pais
08.07.04, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 26, Robledo 2014, p. 79, Rodrigo 2004, p. 185, Sevillano Calero 2007, p. 183, Espinosa Maestre 2005, p. 5, Balfour 2006, p. 61, Eduardo Gonzalez Calleja,
Recuperation de la memoire et legislation en Espagne. Chronique des controverses politiques et academiques
, [in:]
Materiaux pour l’histoire de notre temps
111-112 (2013), p. 10 [furtherly referred as Gonzalez Calleja 2013b]
- ^
Cattini 2011, p. 34, Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 53, Tusell 2004, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 26, Balfour 2006, p. 61, Sevillano Calero 2007, p. 183, Espinosa Maestre 2005, p. 5, Gonzalez Calleja 2013b, p. 10, Vicent Sampedro Ramo,
Fueron los primeros: la ejecuccion de Loreto Apellaniz y la brigada del SIM en Valencia el 3 de Abril de 1939
, [in:] Gabriel Sansano, Isabel Marcillas Piquer, Juan-Boris Ruiz-Nunez (eds.),
Historia i poetiques de la memoria: la violencia politica en la representacio del franquisme
, Alicante 2017,
ISBN
9788416724369
, p. 290
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 4, Ealham 2012, p. 193, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 29, Robledo 2014, p. 77, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 107, Marco 2017, p. 161, Espinosa Maestre 2005, p. 5, Ignacio Olabarri Gortazar,
La historiografia contemporanea en construccion
, [in:]
Memoria y civilizacion
19 (2016), p. 473
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 4, Pierce 2011, p. 177, Ealham [ongoing], p. 1, Ealham 2012, p. 192, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 31, Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 306, Robledo 2014, p. 79, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 90, Marco 2017, p. 161, Espinosa Maestre 2005, p. 5, Olabarri Gortazar 2016, p. 473, Balfour 2006, p. 63
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 4, Pierce 2011, p. 177, Ealham [ongoing], p. 2, Ealham 2012, p. 193, Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 306, Robledo 2014, p. 79, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 90, Marco 2017, p. 161, Espinosa Maestre 2005, p. 5, Olabarri Gortazar 2016, p. 473
- ^
Ealham 2007, pp. 374-375, Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 306, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 64, Marco 2017, p. 161, Espinosa Maestre 2005, p. 5, Olabarri Gortazar 2016, p. 473, Richards 2007, p. 6
- ^
Cattini 2011, p. 34, Robledo 2015, p. 4, Bernat Montesinos 2007, p. 53, Tusell 2004, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 26, Robledo 2014, p. 79, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 84
- ^
see his notes on Spanish "revisionismo soft", Ignacio Peiro Martin,
Historiadores en Espana: historia de la historia y memoria de la profesion
, Zaragoza 2013,
ISBN
9788415770442
, p. 272, and Carlos Forcadell Alvarez, Mercedes Yusta Rodrigo, Ignacio Peiro Martin (eds.),
El pasado en construccion: revisionismos historicos en la historia
, Madrid 2015,
ISBN
9788499113364
- ^
see especially Pedro Carlos Gonzalez Cuevas,
La historia de las derechas a la luz del revisionismo historico
, [in:]
Memoria y civilizacion
12 (2010), pp. 77, also Gonzalez Calleja 2013, Olabarri Gortazar 2016, p. 471, Robledo 2015, p. 304 and passim, Robledo 2014, p. 78
- ^
Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 303
- ^
Marco 2017, Jorge Marco,
Excepcionalidad y cainismo: los nudos de la memoria en Espana
, [in:]
Letra
- ^
see his damning review of scholars considered revisionists in Alejandro Quiroga,
Book Reviews
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
43/3 (2013), pp. 519-522, and the response of Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 305
- ^
Francisco J. Rodriguez Jimenez,
Stanley G. Payne, ¿Una trayectoria academica ejamplar?
[in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015, pp. 24-54
- ^
Moradiellos 2009, Enrique Moradiellos,
Critical Historical Revision and Political Revisionism: the Case of Spain
, [in:]
Journal of Iberian Studies
21/3 (2008), pp. 219-229, Constenla 2012
- ^
his highly critical account of Francoist historiography in Michael Richards,
After the Civil War. Making Memory and Re-making Spain since 1936
, Cambridge 2013,
ISBN
9780521728188
, also Michael Richards,
The limits of quantification: Francoist repression and historical methodology
, [in:]
Hispania Nova
7 (2007). Richards has not explicitly taken part in debate on revisionism, yet is fairly often quoted by anti-revisionists as an example of high-quality, rigorous work, and confronted with low-quality revisionist works, compare e.g. Reig Tapia 2015, p. 63
- ^
for her chief critique of revisionism see Helen Graham,
From memory wars to history wars: revisionism in the twenty-first-century Academy in Spain
, [in:] Helen Graham (ed.),
Interrogating Francoism: History and Dictatorship in Twentieth-Century Spain
, London 2015,
ISBN
9781472576361
, pp. 10-13. In what other scholars describe as "politically uncompromising introduction", Graham allegedly "launches a wide attack on many Spanish historians" and "she divides us [historians] into just two groups: people who think like her - which I must assume to be both progressive and true democrats - and the more or less openly pro-Franco "revisionists"', Antonio Cazorla Sanchez,
Interrogating Francoism
[review], [in:]
Journal of Modern History
90 (2018), pp. 220-221. For her positive lecture see also e.g. Helen Graham,
Breve Historia de la Guerra Civil
, Madrid 2006,
ISBN
9788467020151
; she is quoted by chief anti-revisionist as a model of unbiased synthesis and juxtaposed against unreliable revisionist production, Ealham 2007, pp. 365-376
- ^
Juan Carlos Losada,
La consipiracion y la Guerra Civil para Payne y Palacios
, [in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015, pp. 136-149
- ^
Anderson 2017, Peter Anderson, Miguel Angel del Arco Blanco,
Mass Killings and Violence in Spain, 1936-1952: Grappling with the Past
, New York 2014,
ISBN
9781135114855
- ^
Thomas 2017
- ^
Francisco Espinosa, Jose Ledesma,
La violencia y sus mitos
, [in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
En el combate por la historia
, Madrid 2012,
ISBN
9788493914394
, pp. 475-497
- ^
Francisco Moreno Gomez,
La gran accion represiva de Franco que se quiere ocultar
, [in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015, pp. 183-210
- ^
Jose Luis Martin Ramos,
Mucho ruido y pocas nueces. La falsedad del fraude del Frente popular
, [in:]
Nuestra Historia: revista de Historia de la FIM
3 (2017), pp. 142-162
- ^
an example of relatively moderate anti-revisionist, who refrains from advancing charges of politically-driven agenda, Francoist legacy or manipulation, see Gil Pecharroman 2014. For his own vision see Julio Gil Pecharroman,
Conservadores subversivos. La derecha radical alfonsina, 1913-1936
, Madrid 1994,
ISBN
9788477541578
- ^
Sevillano Calero 2007
- ^
see his
El canon del revisionismo y la historia local
, published in numerous internet websites, also in
Academia
service
- ^
Nunez Seixas 2005, Nunez Seixas, Stucki 2010, Nunez 2010
- ^
Saz 2011, Robledo 2015, p. 5
- ^
Alvarez Tardio 2011, p. 155
- ^
see
La larga sombra del franquismo historiografico
, [in:]
El Pais
11.05.12
- ^
emphasis on parallels between Francoist Spain, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy as demonstrated by "Casanova, Gomez and Marco is an uncomfortable reality for the ‘truth’ of the revisionists", Ealham 2012, p. 201
- ^
Sebastian Balfour,
El revisionismo historico y la Guerra Civil
, [in:]
Pasajes: Revista de pensamiento contemporaneo
19 (2006), pp. 61-65
- ^
see e.g. Sanchez Recio 2015, where the author strives to dismantle Payne and Palacios’ biography of Franco as erroneous because of "ideological and historiographic interests of the two biographers"
- ^
see his article, co-written with Gonzalez Calleja,
Revisando el revisionismo
, [in:]
Historia contemporanea
58 (2018), pp. 851-881
- ^
see e.g. Riesco Roche 2015, where the author intends to prove that in their biography of Franco both Payne and Palacios consciously disregarded historiographic works which did not fit their pre-adopted thesis
- ^
historian of an older generation, Arranz is presented as intellectual master to some young revisionists, see e.g. Robledo 2015, pp. 5-7. See also Ealham 2012, p. 197, Quiroga 2013, p. 520
- ^
Initially Ranzato was considered an impartial, objective historian, compare e.g. Ealham 2007, p. 371. Things changed following publication of his volume on heritage of the Civil War, and other works, like
El eclipse de la democracia. La Guerra Civil espanola (1936-1942)
, Madrid 2006,
ISBN
9788432312489
, and
La grande paura del 1936. Come la Spagna precipito nella guerra civila
, Bari 2011,
ISBN
9788842096474
. Ranzato delivered also a pamphlet aimed against perceived anti-revisionist assault on history in
Il passato di bronzo. L'eredita della guerra civile nella Spagna democratica
, Roma 2006,
ISBN
9788842080589
. For samples of criticism directed at Ranzato on part of Spanish anti-revisionists see e.g. Robledo 2015, p. 5, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 107.
- ^
Moradiellos 2009, p. 3, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 84,
El fenomeno revisonista en Espana: en torno a Pio Moa
, [in:]
Minucias publicas
, available
here
. One scholar refers to Moa and Martin Rubio as "cabeza de fila del revisionismo", Alberto Reig Tapia,
La critica de la critica: Inconsecuentes, insustanciales, impotentes, prepotentes y equidistantes
, Madrid 2017,
ISBN
9788432318795
- ^
Ealham 2012, p. 198-199, Robledo 2014, p. 82
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 8, Ealham 2012, p. 196, Octavio Ruiz-Manjon,
La Segunda Republica espanola. Balance historiografico de una experiencia democratizadora
, [in:]
Ayer
63 (2006), p. 296
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 5, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 31, Gonzalez Calleja 2013b, p. 10, Robledo 2015, p. 85, Quiroga 2013, p. 519, Sergio Riesco Roche,
De omisiones relevantes: Franco, la cuestion agrarie y las controrsiones de Stanley G. Payne
, [in:] Angel Vinas (ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
], 2015, pp. 118, 121, 123
- ^
Robledo 2014, p. 83, Robledo 2015, p. 5
- ^
a
b
Moradiellos 2009, p. 3, Sampedro Ramo 2017, p. 290,
El fenomeno revisonista en Espana: en torno a Pio Moa
, [in:]
Minucias publicas
, available
here
- ^
Robledo 2014, p. 79, Olabarri Gortazar 2016, p. 473
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 5, Ealham 2012, p. p 198, Espinosa Maestre 2005, p. 5, Olabarri Gortazar 2016, p. 473
- ^
Moradiellos 2009, p. 3, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 27,
El fenomeno revisonista en Espana: en torno a Pio Moa
, [in:]
Minucias publicas
, available
here
- ^
see notes on Stradling allegedly using fallacy arguments and taking part in "revisionist crusade", Richards 2007, p. 10. Stradling countered that "a diminishing band of historians defends the reputation of the ‘beautiful maiden’ who symbolised the least honest democracy in modern history", Rob Stradling,
Review: The Spanish Second Republic Revisited: From Democratic Hopes to Civil War (1931?1936)
, [in:]
The English Historical Review
130/542 (2015), p. 237
- ^
Ealham 2012, p. p 198
- ^
Cattini 2011, p. 34, Robledo 2015, p. 4, Ealham 2012, p. p 198, Moradiellos 2009, p. 3, Robledo 2014, p. 79, Sanchez Perez 2015, p. 82, Balfour 2006, p. 61, Gonzalez Calleja 2013b, p. 10,
- ^
Cattini 2011, p. 34
- ^
Delaunay 2014, p. 440, Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 11
- ^
Moradiellos 2009, p. 3
- ^
Gonzalez Calleja 2013, p. 27; his key revisionist work is supposed to be Enrique Sacanell,
El general Sanjurjo, heroe y victima. El militar que pudo evitar la dictadura franquista
, Madrid 2004,
ISBN
9788497342056
- ^
Terexa Constenla,
Historiadores contra revisionistas
, [in:]
El Pais
07.04.12, available
here
- ^
Robledo 2014, referred after Rey Reguillo 2015, p. 306
- ^
Jose Luis Ledesma,
Franco y las violencias de la guerra civil
, [in:] Angel Vinas,
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
] 2015, p. 160, Reig Tapia 2015, p. 57. Blazquez Miguel is criticized as a revisionist on basis of his two works,
Espana turbulenta: alteraciones, violencia y sangre durante la II Republica
(2007) and
Autentico Franco. Trayectoria militar, 1907-1939
(2009)
- ^
Antonio Rodriguez Rodriguez,
El revisionismo historico
, [in:]
El Pais
22.05.01, available
here
- ^
"otro celebre hispanista, Jan Kieniewicz, cobra tintes de una postura cuasi ≪revisionista≫, puesto que abunda en algunas de las mas discutibles tesis de los 'Mitos de la Guerra Civil', de Pio Moa", Olga Glondys,
Entre la propaganda y la verdad: cambios del paradigma en el discurso polaco sobre la guerra civil espanola
, [in:]
Studia Historica
32 (2014), p. 509
- ^
Nunez 2010, p. 41
- ^
Nunez Seixas, Stucki 2010, p. 215, Nunez 2010, p. 42. According to Nunez-Seixas Chodakiewicz earned his revisionist credentials thanks to booklet Marek Jan Chodakiewicz,
Zagrabiona pami??. Wojna w Hiszpanii (1936-1939)
, Warszawa 1997
- ^
five Zaragoza academics are among key anti-revisionists:
Carlos Forcadell Alvarez
, Antonio Bernat Montesinos, Ignacio Peiro Martin, Julian Casanova Ruiz and
Jose-Carlos Mainer Baque
- ^
the electronic journal
Hispania Nueva
fairly often publishes anti-revisionist articles and issued an extraordinary issue dedicated exclusively to criticise Franco's biography by
Stanley G. Payne
. One of its two editors-in-chief is an anti-revisionist, Eduardo Gonzalez Calleja
- ^
among mainstream dailies
El Pais
is perhaps the most anti-revisionist one, compare Javier Tusell,
El revisionismo historico espanol
(08.07.04), Julian Casanova,
Mentiras convincentes
(14.06.05), Enrique Moradiellos,
Uso y abuso de la historia. La Guerra Civil
(31.10.05), Ludger Mees,
El pasado que no quiere pasar
(15.09.06), Javier Pradera,
Revisionismo historico
(23.03.05), Jose Maria Ridao,
El revisionismo ataca
(18.07.06), Javier Cercas,
Revisar la revision
(31.05.07), Jose Vidal Beneyto,
Los codiciados frutos del olvidos
(20.01.08), Terexa Constenla,
Franco, ese (no tan mal) hombre
(30.05.11), Tereixa Constenla,
Historiadores contra revisionistas
(07.04.12), Jorge M. Reverte,
Manual de combate
(14.04.12), Borja de Riquer,
La larga sombra del franquismo historiografico
(11.05.12), Manuel Rodriguez Rivero,
El pasado es impredecible
(29.07.17). However, there are also authors who present
El Pais
as merely offshoot of Francoism, see Sebastiaan Faber,
Memory Battles of the Spanish Civil War: History, Fiction, Photography
, Nashville 2018,
ISBN
9780826521798
, esp. pages 138-139
- ^
Journal
published the most vehemently anti-revisionist article which appeared in the scientific realm, penned by Ealham in 2012. It took demands backed by legal arguments before historians lambasted in Ealham's review were allowed to reply, though their responses were paired with one more article, which suggested that the authors did not realize what "the duty of the historian" is, Carmichael 2016, p. 438. A year later
Journal
allowed double that amount of space to a new spate of anti-revisionist articles. Moreover, the chief editor of
Journal
dismissed the revisionists as not adhering to the point and discussed their work against the background of revisionism being illegal in Germany, Evans 2017, p. 119
- ^
Robledo 2015, p. 2, Robledo 2014, p. 79
- ^
directed by Jimenez Losantos, Robledo 2015, p. 9
- ^
"thoroughly undemocratic" institution "unrepresentative of spanish historical profession", Ealham 2012, p. 192
- ^
a
b
Robledo 2014, p. 79
- ^
Edurne Valle,
El Catoblepas: revista falangista
, [in:]
Antifeixistes
12.04.09, available
here
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Francisco Espinosa Maestre,
El fenomeno revisionista o los fantasmas de la derecha espanola
, Badajoz 2005,
ISBN
9788488956682
- Carlos Forcadell
, Ignacio Peiro, Mercedes Yusta (eds.),
El pasado en construccion. Revisionismos historicos en la historiografia contemporanea
, Zaragoza, 2015,
ISBN
9788499113364
- Forum
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
51/2 (2016), pp. 412?438
- Debate
, [in:]
Journal of Contemporary History
52/1 (2017), pp. 118?163
- Enrique Moradiellos,
Revision historica critica y pseudo-revisionismo politico presentista: el caso de la Guerra Civil Espanola
, Badajoz 2011
- Alberto Reig Tapia,
Anti-Moa
, Madrid 2008,
ISBN
9788466628099
- Alberto Reig Tapia,
La critica de la critica: Inconsecuentes, insustanciales, impotentes, prepotentes y equidistantes
, Madrid 2017,
ISBN
9788432318795
- Alberto Reig Tapia,
Revisionismo y politica. Pio Moa revisitado
, Madrid 2008,
ISBN
9788496797109
- Michael Richards,
After the Civil War. Making Memory and Re-making Spain since 1936
, Cambridge 2013,
ISBN
9780521728188
,
- Angel Vinas
(ed.),
Sin respeto por la historia
[extraordinary issue of
Hispania Nova
] 2015
- Angel Vinas
(ed.),
En el combate por la historia
, Madrid 2012,
ISBN
9788493914394