Land use in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas
Residential area in
Helena
,
Montana
, United States
Suburban slum in
Bhutan
Residential area typical for suburbs in central
Poland
A
residential area
is a land used in which
housing
predominates, as opposed to
industrial
and
commercial areas
.
[1]
[2]
Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include
single-family housing
,
multi-family residential
, or
mobile homes
.
Zoning
for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit
high density land use
or only permit low density uses. Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (
floor area ratio
) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
[3]
[4]
[5]
Overview
[
edit
]
A residential area of
Ikuri
in
Tampere
,
Finland
In certain residential areas, especially
rural
, large tracts of land may have no services whatever, such that residents seeking services must use a motor vehicle or other transportation, so the need for transportation has resulted in
land development
following existing or planned
transport infrastructure
such as rail and road. Development patterns may be regulated by
restrictive covenants
contained in the
deeds
to the properties in the development and may also result from or be reinforced by
zoning
. Restrictive covenants are not easily changed when the agreement of all property owners (many of whom may not live in the area) is required. The area so restricted may be large or small.
Bashundhara R/A
, a private residential area in
Dhaka
Residential areas may be subcategorized in the
concentric zone model
and other schemes of
urban geography
.
Residential development
[
edit
]
New inner city residences in
Manhattan
Residential area in
Brooklyn
about a century after it was developed
Residential area in Mong Kok East and Ho Man Tin,
Hong Kong
History
[
edit
]
Residential development
is
real estate development
for residential purposes. Some such developments are called a
subdivision
, when the
land
is divided into lots with
houses
constructed on each lot. Such developments became common during the late nineteenth century, particularly in the form of
streetcar suburbs
.
In previous centuries, residential development was mainly of two kinds. Rich people bought a townlot, hired an architect and/or contractor, and built a
bespoke
/ customized house or
mansion
for their family. Poor urban people lived in
shantytowns
or in
tenements
built for rental.
Single-family houses
were seldom built on
speculation
, that is for future sale to residents not yet identified. When cities and the
middle class
expanded greatly and
mortgage loans
became commonplace, a method that had been rare became commonplace to serve the expanding demand for home ownership.
Residential street in
Cincinnati
,
Ohio
Post?World War II economic expansion
in major cities of the United States, especially
New York City
and
Los Angeles
produced a demand for thousands of new homes, which was largely met by speculative building. Its large-scale practitioners disliked the term "property speculator" and coined the new name "residential development" for their activity. Entire farms and ranches were
subdivided
and developed, often with one individual or company controlling all aspects of entitlement (permits), land development (streets and grading), infrastructure (utilities and sewage disposal), and housing. Communities like
Levittown, Long Island
or Lakewood south of Los Angeles saw new homes sold at unprecedented rates?more than one a day. Many techniques which had made the automobile affordable made housing affordable: standardization of design and small, repetitive assembly tasks, advertising, and a smooth flow of capital.
Mass production
resulted in a similar uniformity of product, and a more comfortable
lifestyle
than cramped apartments in the cities. With the advent of government-backed mortgages, it could actually be cheaper to own a house in a new residential development than to rent.
As with other products,
continual refinements
appeared. Curving streets, greenbelt parks, neighborhood pools, and community entry monumentation appeared. Diverse
floor plans
with differing room counts, and multiple
elevations
(different exterior "looks" for the same plan) appeared. Developers remained competitive with each other on everything, including location, community amenities, kitchen appliance packages, and price.
Today, a typical
residential development
in the United States might include
traffic calming
features such as a slowly winding
street
,
dead-end road
, or
looped
road lined with homes.
Suburban
developments help form the
stereotypical
image of a "suburban America" and are generally associated with the
American
middle-class
. Most offer homes in a narrow range of age, price, size and features, thus potential residents having different needs, wishes or resources must look elsewhere. Some residential developments are
gated communities
or
residential communities
.
Problems with residential developments
[
edit
]
Criticisms of residential developments may include the following:
- They do not mesh well with the greater community. Some are isolated, with only one entrance, or otherwise connected with the rest of the community in few ways.
- Being
commuter towns
, they serve no more purpose for the greater community than other specialized settlements do and thus require residents to go to the greater community for commercial or other purposes, whereas
mixed-use developments
provide for commerce and other activities, so residents need not go as often to the greater community.
- Lodging advancements can frequently be isolated with only one way in and one way out. Without great streets and ways to different regions, getting around can take a pointlessly lengthy timespan - making it harder for individuals to walk and cycle.
- Front nurseries with low walls will quite often be very much taken care of, with inhabitants keeping an eye on their front nurseries and covertly attempting to outperform their neighbors. Numerous designers lessen costs by eliminating these unobtrusive yet significant qualifications among public and confidential space. The outcome is many times puts that become unused, disliked and neglected.
- Current roads are packed with unattended vehicles, which is not just unattractive but blocks pavements, makes roads more unsafe for kids and is also often the source of arguments with neighbours.
- Everybody cherishes a tree-lined road, however new improvements frequently overlook them. Numerous expressways specialists deter trees and hedgerows making green and verdant roads progressively difficult to come by. As an outcome, many modern developments are dominated by hard materials and often appear colorless.
References
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
The dictionary definition of
residential
at Wiktionary
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