1831?1858 state in South America
Republic of New Granada
Republica de la Nueva Granada
(
Spanish
)
|
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|
|
Motto:
Libertad y Orden
(English:
Liberty and Order
)
|
Republic of New Granada
|
Capital
| Santa Fe de Bogota
|
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Religion
| Roman Catholicism
|
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Demonym(s)
| Granadine
|
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Government
| Presidential republic
|
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History
|
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? Established
| 20 October 1831
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| 1853
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? Constitutional Change
| 11 April 1858
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? 1851
| 2,240,054
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Currency
| Peso
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The
Republic of New Granada
was a
centralist
unitary republic
consisting primarily of present-day
Colombia
and
Panama
with smaller portions of today's
Nicaragua
,
Costa Rica
,
Ecuador
,
Venezuela
,
Peru
and
Brazil
that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of
Great Colombia
in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the
Granadine Confederation
.
On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the
Gran Colombian
colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
History
[
edit
]
The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of the prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states.
In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the
War of the Supremes
, which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850.
In 1851 a
Civil war took place
, which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President
Jose Hilario Lopez
, which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty.
As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by
Julio Arboleda
, Manuel Ibanez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president
Jose Hilario Lopez
, in an attempt to prevent
emancipation
of disenfranchised groups and abolition of
slavery
, in addition to a number of religious issues.
In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was
another civil war
under the dictatorship of General
Jose Maria Melo
. In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General
Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera
sparked a new
three-year civil war in 1860
. After the capture of Bogota in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president, the country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the
Granadine Confederation
in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country.
Provinces
[
edit
]
The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts.
The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of the country.
See also
[
edit
]
Sources
[
edit
]
4°39′N
74°3′W
/
4.650°N 74.050°W
/
4.650; -74.050