Rankine scale

Rankine
Rankine
Unit of	Temperature
Symbol	R, °R, °Ra
Named after	Macquorn Rankine
Conversions
x R in ...	... corresponds to ...
Kelvin scale	5 / 9 x K
Celsius scale	( 5 / 9 x ? 273.15) °C
Fahrenheit	( x ? 459.67) °F

The Rankine scale ( / ? r æ ŋ k ? n / ) is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature named after the University of Glasgow engineer and physicist Macquorn Rankine , who proposed it in 1859. ^[1]

History [ edit ]

Similar to the Kelvin scale , which was first proposed in 1848, ^[1] zero on the Rankine scale is absolute zero , but a temperature difference of one Rankine degree (°R or °Ra) is defined as equal to one Fahrenheit degree, rather than the Celsius degree used on the Kelvin scale. In converting from kelvin to degrees Rankine, 1 K = 9 / 5 °R or 1 K = 1.8 °R. A temperature of 0 K (?273.15 °C; ?459.67 °F) is equal to 0 °R. ^[2]

Usage [ edit ]

The Rankine scale is used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit. ^[3]

The symbol for degrees Rankine is °R ^[2] (or °Ra if necessary to distinguish it from the Rømer and Reaumur scales). By analogy with the SI unit kelvin , some authors term the unit Rankine ? omitting the degree symbol. ^[4]^[5]

Some temperatures relating the Rankine scale to other temperature scales are shown in the table below.

		Scale
		Kelvin	Celsius	Rankine	Fahrenheit
Temperature	Absolute zero	0 K	?273.15 °C	0 °R	?459.67 °F
	Freezing point of brine ^[a]	255.37 K	?17.78 °C	459.67 °R	0 °F
	Freezing point of water ^[b]	273.15 K	0 °C	491.67 °R	32 °F
	Boiling point of water ^[c]	373.1339 K	99.9839 °C	671.64102 °R	211.97102 °F

Notes [ edit ]

^ The freezing point of brine is the zero point of Fahrenheit scale, old definition, see: Grigull 1986
^ The ice point of purified water has been measured to be 0.000089(10) degrees Celsius ? see Magnum 1995
^ For Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water at one standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa) when calibrated solely per the two-point definition of thermodynamic temperature. Older definitions of the Celsius scale once defined the boiling point of water under one standard atmosphere as being precisely 100 °C. However, the current definition results in a boiling point that is actually 16.1 mK less. For more about the actual boiling point of water, see VSMOW in temperature measurement .

References [ edit ]

^ ^a ^b "Rankine" . Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary . Retrieved 2019-11-07 .
^ ^a ^b B.8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically from Thompson & Taylor 2008 , pp. 45?69
^ Berger, Eric (2022-08-29). "Warning sign? NASA never finished a fueling test before today's SLS launch attempt" . Ars Technica .
^ Pauken 2011 , p. 20
^ Balmer 2011 , p. 10

Bibliography [ edit ]

Balmer, Robert (2011). Modern Engineering Thermodynamics . Oxford: Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-374996-3 .
Magnum, B.W. (June 1995). "Reproducibility of the Temperature of the Ice Point in Routine Measurements" (PDF) . NIST Technical Note . 1411 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-07 . Retrieved 2007-02-11 .
Pauken, Michael (2011). Thermodynamics For Dummies . Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing Inc. ISBN 978-1-118-00291-9 .
Thompson, Ambler; Taylor, Barry N. (2008). "Guide for the use of the International System of Units (SI)" (PDF) . NIST Special Publication . 811 . doi : 10.6028/nist.sp.811e2008 . Retrieved 2019-11-07 .
Grigull, Ulrich (1986). Heat Transfer (PDF) . Retrieved 2022-08-29 .

External links [ edit ]

[6] The freezing point of brine is the zero point of Fahrenheit scale, old definition, see: Grigull 1986

[7] The ice point of purified water has been measured to be 0.000089(10) degrees Celsius ? see Magnum 1995

[8] For Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water at one standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa) when calibrated solely per the two-point definition of thermodynamic temperature. Older definitions of the Celsius scale once defined the boiling point of water under one standard atmosphere as being precisely 100 °C. However, the current definition results in a boiling point that is actually 16.1 mK less. For more about the actual boiling point of water, see VSMOW in temperature measurement .

[Merriam-Webster-1] "Rankine" . Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary . Retrieved 2019-11-07 .

[SP811-2] B.8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically from Thompson & Taylor 2008 , pp. 45?69

[arstechnica-3] Berger, Eric (2022-08-29). "Warning sign? NASA never finished a fueling test before today's SLS launch attempt" . Ars Technica .

[dummies-4] Pauken 2011 , p. 20

[engineering-5] Balmer 2011 , p. 10

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