First-level administrative subdivisions of Australia
States and territories of Australia
|
---|
|
Location
| Australia
|
---|
Number
| 16
(6
states
, 3
internal territories
, and 7
external territories
)
|
---|
Populations
| Smallest state:
Largest state:
Smallest territories:
Largest territory:
|
---|
Areas
| Smallest state:
Largest state:
Smallest territory:
Largest territories:
|
---|
Subdivisions
| |
---|
The
states and territories
are the second level of government of
Australia
. The states are
administrative divisions
that are
self-governing
polities
that are partly
sovereign
, having ceded some sovereign rights to the federal government.
[2]
They have their own
constitutions
,
legislatures
,
executive governments
,
judiciaries
and
law enforcement agencies
that administer and deliver
public policies
and programs. Territories can be
autonomous
and administer local policies and programs much like the states in practice, but are still legally subordinate to the federal government.
Australia
has six
federated states
:
New South Wales
(including
Lord Howe Island
),
Queensland
,
South Australia
,
Tasmania
(including
Macquarie Island
),
Victoria
, and
Western Australia
. Australia also has ten
federal territories
,
[3]
out of which three are
internal territories
: the
Australian Capital Territory
, the
Jervis Bay Territory
, and the
Northern Territory
[3]
on the
Australian mainland
; and seven are
external territories
: the
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
, the
Australian Antarctic Territory
,
[a]
Christmas Island
, the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
, the
Coral Sea Islands
,
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
, and
Norfolk Island
[3]
that are offshore
dependent territories
. Every state and internal territory (except the Jervis Bay Territory) is
self-governing
with its own independent
executive government
,
legislative branch
, and
judicial system
, while the rest only have
local government
status overseen by
federal departments
.
State and territory governments may legislate on matters concerning their citizens, subject to the limits of the
federal constitution
(notably
section 51
and
section 109
). Each state and internal territory (except
Jervis Bay Territory
) has its own
legislature
, although the
Federal Parliament
can override territorial legislation. The federal
High Court of Australia
acts as a final
court of appeal
for all matters, and has the authority to override any state judiciary. While all states and internal territories have their own judicial system (subject to appeal to the
High Court
), most external territories are subject to the judiciary and legislature of either a state or internal territory. Excluding the
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
and the
Australian Antarctic Territory
(which are governed by the
Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
), the external territories are governed by the federal
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
.
[4]
Norfolk Island
had
its own legislature
from 1979 to 2015.
[5]
Each state is a successor to historical
British colonies
, and each has its own constitution. The
Australian Capital Territory
(ACT) and
Northern Territory
for the most part operate indistinguishably from the states, even though they do not have constitutional status as states and territorial legislation can be overridden.
Geography
[
edit
]
Surrounded by the
Indian
,
Pacific
, and
Southern
oceans, Australia is separated from
Maritime Southeast Asia
and
New Guinea
by the
Arafura Sea
, the
Timor Sea
, and the
Torres Strait
, from
Island Melanesia
by the
Coral Sea
, and from
New Zealand
by the
Tasman Sea
. The world's
smallest continent
, Australia is also
the sixth-largest country by land area
and sometimes considered
the world's largest island
. Australia has a
mainland
coastline of 32,994 kilometres (20,502 mi)
[6]
and claims an
exclusive economic zone
of about 8,200,000 square kilometres (3,200,000 sq mi).
[7]
Borders
[
edit
]
States and territories
[
edit
]
At
Federation
in 1901, what is now the Northern Territory was within South Australia, what are now the Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory were within New South Wales, and Coral Sea Islands was part of Queensland. Ashmore and Cartier Islands was accepted by Australia in 1934
[8]
and was annexed to the Northern Territory prior to adoption of the
Statute of Westminster
in 1942, deemed effective from 1939; it has thus become part of Australia.
States
[
edit
]
States of Australia
[b]
Flag
|
State
|
Postal
|
ISO
[9]
|
Capital
|
Population
(Sept 2023)
[10]
|
Area (km
2
)
[11]
|
Population Density (/km
2
)
|
No. of Reps. in
Aus House
[12]
|
Governor
|
Premier
(Party)
|
State Government
|
|
New South Wales
|
NSW
|
AU-NSW
|
Sydney
|
8,394,714
|
800,150
|
10.24
|
47
|
Margaret Beazley
|
|
Chris Minns
(
Labor
)
|
Government of New South Wales
|
|
Victoria
|
VIC
|
AU-VIC
|
Melbourne
|
6,865,358
|
227,416
|
28.47
|
38
|
Margaret Gardner
|
|
Jacinta Allan
(
Labor
)
|
Victorian Government
|
|
Queensland
|
QLD
|
AU-QLD
|
Brisbane
|
5,495,524
|
1,729,742
|
2.93
|
30
|
Jeannette Young
|
|
Steven Miles
(
Labor
)
|
Queensland Government
|
|
Western Australia
|
WA
|
AU-WA
|
Perth
[c]
|
2,905,922
|
2,527,013
|
1.08
|
16
|
Chris Dawson
|
|
Roger Cook
(
Labor
)
|
Government of Western Australia
|
|
South Australia
|
SA
|
AU-SA
|
Adelaide
|
1,860,054
|
984,321
|
1.77
|
10
|
Frances Adamson
|
|
Peter Malinauskas
(
Labor
)
|
Government of South Australia
|
|
Tasmania
|
TAS
|
AU-TAS
|
Hobart
|
573,328
|
64,519
|
6.31
|
5
|
Barbara Baker
|
|
Jeremy Rockliff
(
Liberal
)
|
Tasmanian Government
|
Territories
[
edit
]
Internal territories
[
edit
]
External territories
[
edit
]
Each external territory is regulated by an Act of the federal Parliament. These Acts contain the majority of provisions determining the legal and political structure applying in that external territory. Under s 122 of the Australian Constitution the federal Parliament has plenary power to make laws for all territories including all external territories.
[16]
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands
voted for integration
in 1984. Together with Christmas Island, these two territories comprise the
Australian Indian Ocean Territories
. Commonwealth laws apply automatically to the territories unless expressly stated otherwise
[17]
and residents of both external territories are associated with Northern Territory for federal elections. They are, thus, constitutionally part of Australia.
The Heard Island and McDonald Islands, although uninhabited, are treated as constitutionally part of Australia by the central government.
[18]
Norfolk Island's status is controversial, with the present (as of 2018
[update]
) government taking measures to integrate the territory into Australia proper (including representation in parliament and compulsory voting). The Norfolk Islanders have not formally consented to this change in constitutional status and assert that they are not Australian.
[5]
- Notes
- ^
a) Residents of the territory are not represented in the parliament or assembly that makes these laws, or in the government that appoints judges to these courts.
- ^
b) Laws passed by the
Norfolk Island Legislative Assembly
while it existed from 1979 to 2015 remain in effect unless modified or repealed by the federal government.
[30]
Former territories
[
edit
]
Internal
[
edit
]
Two internal territories established by the Australian federal government under Section 122 of the
Constitution of Australia
no longer exist:
External
[
edit
]
Two present-day
Oceanic
countries,
Papua New Guinea
(PNG) and
Nauru
, were administered by the federal government of Australia as
de facto
or
de jure
external territories for differing periods between 1902 and 1975.
Papua and New Guinea (1883?1975)
[
edit
]
Following
World War II
, the
Papua and New Guinea Act 1949
placed the Territory of New Guinea in an "administrative union" with the Territory of Papua, and the combined
Territory of Papua and New Guinea
was created. However, both territories remained technically distinct for some administrative and legal purposes, until 1975, when the combined entity eventually was given independence as Papua New Guinea.
Nauru (1920?1968)
[
edit
]
Nauru was previously under the
German colonial empire
as part of the
German New Guinea
. Following
World War I
, the Australian government received a
League of Nations
mandate for Nauru
. After World War II, the Territory of Papua, Territory of New Guinea and Nauru were all controlled by the Australian government as
United Nations trust territories
. Nauru was granted independence in 1968.
Statistics
[
edit
]
The majority of Australians live in the
eastern coastal mainland states
of
New South Wales
,
Queensland
,
Victoria
, and the
Australian Capital Territory
, which collectively forms 79% of the entire population of Australia (more than three-quarters of all Australians). Most of the major
population centres
are located east and south of the
Great Dividing Range
on the
coastal plains
and their associated
hinterland
regions.
State / territory
|
Abbreviation
|
Land area
[11]
|
|
Population density
|
- % of population
- in capital
|
Notes
|
km
2
|
sq mi
|
Rank
|
Number
|
Rank
|
/km
2
|
/sq mi
|
Rank
|
%
|
Rank
|
New South Wales
|
NSW
|
801,150
|
309,330
|
5
|
8,072,163
|
1
|
9.62
|
24.9
|
3
|
63.0%
|
5
|
[32]
|
Victoria
|
VIC
|
227,444
|
87,817
|
6
|
6,503,491
|
2
|
26.56
|
68.8
|
2
|
71.0%
|
4
|
[33]
|
Queensland
|
QLD
|
1,729,742
|
667,857
|
2
|
5,156,138
|
3
|
2.79
|
7.2
|
5
|
46.0%
|
7
|
[34]
|
Western Australia
|
WA
|
2,527,013
|
975,685
|
1
|
2,660,026
|
4
|
1.03
|
2.7
|
7
|
73.4%
|
3
|
[35]
|
South Australia
|
SA
|
984,321
|
380,048
|
4
|
1,781,516
|
5
|
1.74
|
4.5
|
6
|
73.5%
|
2
|
[36]
|
Tasmania
|
TAS
|
68,401
|
26,410
|
7
|
557,571
|
6
|
7.58
|
19.6
|
4
|
41.0%
|
8
|
[37]
|
Australian Capital Territory
|
ACT
|
2,358
|
910
|
8
|
453,890
|
7
|
167.6
|
434
|
1
|
99.6%
|
1
|
[38]
|
Northern Territory
|
NT
|
1,347,791
|
520,385
|
3
|
232,605
|
8
|
0.18
|
0.47
|
8
|
54.0%
|
6
|
[39]
|
Statistical divisions
[
edit
]
The
Australian Bureau of Statistics
' (ABS)
Australian Statistical Geography Standard
describes several main statistical divisions of Australia:
- Mesh Block (MB) ? the smallest area of division, MBs are rarely used for statistics and represent 30?60 dwellings, though some have no population or development. They are conventionally used as a way to ensure confidentiality of responses.
- Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) ? SA1s are small areas of 200?800 people and are used to balance spatial detail and cross comparison in the
Census of Population and Housing
.
- Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2) ? SA2s are designed to represent financial and social interactions, such as a suburb or neighbourhood of 3,000?25,000 people (averaging at 10,000) and is often the smallest division used in statistical releases.
- Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3) ? SA3s are regional representations of local communities, generally containing similar characteristics, administrative boundaries, and labour markets, each having 30,000?130,000 people.
- Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4) ? SA4s are broader representations of labour forces in population centres, with 100,000?300,000 people in regional areas and 300,000?500,000 in metropolitan areas.
- States and Territories
The ABS also defines other divisions such as the Greater Capital City Statistical Area Structure, Significant Urban Area Structure, Remoteness Structure, and Indigenous Structure. Other non-ABS divisions include Local Government Areas, Postal Areas, electoral divisions, and tourism regions.
[40]
Background and overview
[
edit
]
The states originated as separate
British
colonies prior to
Federation
in 1901. The
Colony of New South Wales
was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as
Lord Howe Island
,
New Zealand
,
Norfolk Island
, and
Van Diemen's Land
, in addition to the area currently referred to as the state of New South Wales. During the 19th century, large areas were successively separated to form the
Colony of Tasmania
(initially established as a separate colony named
Van Diemen's Land
in 1825), the
Colony of Western Australia
(initially established as the smaller
Swan River Colony
in 1829), the
Province of South Australia
(1836), the
Colony of New Zealand
(1840),
[41]
the
Victoria Colony
(1851) and the
Colony of Queensland
(1859). Upon federation, the six colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania became the founding states of the new Commonwealth of Australia.
The legislative powers of the states are protected by the
Australian constitution
, section 107, and under the principle of
federalism
, Commonwealth legislation only applies to the states where permitted by the constitution. The territories, by contrast, are from a constitutional perspective directly subject to the
Commonwealth government
; laws for territories are determined by the Australian Parliament.
[42]
Most of the territories are directly administered by the Commonwealth government, while two (the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory) have some degree of self-government although less than that of the states. In the self-governing territories, the Australian Parliament retains the full power to legislate, and can override laws made by the territorial institutions, which it has done on rare occasions. For the purposes of Australian (and joint Australia-New Zealand) intergovernmental bodies, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are treated as if they were states.
Each state has a
governor
, appointed by
the monarch
(currently King
Charles III
), which by convention he does on the advice of the state premier. The Administrator of the Northern Territory, by contrast, is appointed by the
governor-general
. The Australian Capital Territory has neither a governor nor an administrator, but the governor-general exercises some powers that in other jurisdictions are exercised by the governor of a state or administrator of a territory, such as the power to dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
Jervis Bay Territory
is the only non-self-governing internal territory. Until 1989, it was administered as if it were a part of the ACT, although it has always been a separate territory. Under the terms of the
Jervis Bay Territory Acceptance Act 1915
,
[43]
the laws of the ACT apply to the Jervis Bay Territory insofar as they are applicable and providing they are not inconsistent with an ordinance.
[44]
Although residents of the Jervis Bay Territory are generally subject to laws made by the ACT Legislative Assembly, they are not represented in the assembly. They are represented in the
Parliament of Australia
as part of the Electoral
Division of Fenner
(named the
Division of Fraser
until 2016) in the ACT and by the ACT's two senators. In other respects, the territory is administered directly by the Federal Government through the Territories portfolio.
[45]
The external territory of
Norfolk Island
possessed a degree of self-government from 1979 until 2015.
Each state has a
bicameral
parliament, except Queensland, which abolished its upper house in 1922. The lower house is called the "legislative assembly", except in South Australia and Tasmania, where it is called the "house of assembly". Tasmania is the only state to use
proportional representation
for elections to its lower house; all others elect members from single member constituencies, using
preferential voting
. The upper house is called the "legislative council" and is generally elected from multi-member constituencies using proportional representation. The three self-governing territories, the ACT, the Northern Territory, and Norfolk Island, each have
unicameral
legislative assemblies.
The head of government of each state is called the "premier", appointed by the state's governor. In normal circumstances, the governor will appoint as premier whoever leads the party or coalition which exercises control of the lower house (in the case of Queensland, the only house) of the state parliament. However, in times of
constitutional crisis
, the governor can appoint someone else as premier. The head of government of the self-governing internal territories is called the "chief minister". The Northern Territory's chief minister, in normal circumstances whoever controls the legislative assembly, is appointed by the administrator.
The term
interstate
is used within Australia to refer to a number of events, transactions, registrations, travel, etc. which occurs across borders or outside of the particular state or territory of the user of the term. Examples of use include motor vehicle registration,
[46]
travel,
[47]
applications to educational institutions out of one's home state.
[48]
There are very few urban areas bifurcated by state or territory borders. The Queensland-New South Wales border runs through
Coolangatta
(Queensland) and
Tweed Heads
(New South Wales) and splits
Gold Coast Airport
.
Oaks Estate
, a contiguous residential of
Queanbeyan
, was excised out of New South Wales when the Australian Capital Territory was established in 1909. Some
Urban Centres and Localities
reported by the
Australian Bureau of Statistics
include some agglomerations of cities spreading across state borders, including
Gold Coast
?Tweed Heads,
Canberra
?Queanbeyan,
Albury
?
Wodonga
(New South Wales-Victoria) and
Mildura
?
Wentworth
(Victoria-New South Wales)
Timeline
[
edit
]
- 1788 ?
British Empire
establishes the
Colony of New South Wales
across central and eastern mainland Australia, the island of Tasmania, both islands of New Zealand and Norfolk Island.
- 1803 ? The
Coral Sea Islands
are claimed by New South Wales.
- 1825 ? The island of Tasmania becomes the independent colony of
Van Diemen's Land
. New South Wales extends its borders further west in mainland Australia.
- 1829 ? The British Empire establishes the
Swan River Colony
in western mainland Australia.
- 1832 ? Swan River Colony is renamed the "colony of
Western Australia
".
- 1836 ? The Colony of
South Australia
is established.
- 1841 ? The islands of New Zealand become the independent
colony of New Zealand
. Much of eastern Antarctica is annexed by Britain as
Victoria Land
.
- 1844 ? New South Wales transfers Norfolk Island to Van Diemen's Land.
- 1846 ? Northern central and eastern Australia briefly become the independent Colony of North Australia, then are returned to New South Wales.
- 1851 ? Southeastern mainland Australia becomes the independent colony of
Victoria
.
- 1856 ? Van Diemen's Land is renamed the
colony of Tasmania
. Norfolk Island becomes the independent colony of Norfolk Island, however it is to be administered by the same governor as New South Wales.
- 1857 ? Much of southern central mainland Australia becomes the independent colony of
South Australia
. The
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
are annexed by Britain.
- 1859 ? Northeastern mainland Australia and Coral Sea Islands become the independent
colony of Queensland
.
- 1860 ? A pocket of New South Wales territory remaining in southern central mainland Australia is transferred to South Australia.
- 1862 ? Some of New South Wales' northern central mainland Australian territory is transferred to Queensland.
- 1863 ? New South Wales' remaining northern central mainland Australian territory is transferred to South Australia.
- 1878 ? Britain annexes Ashmore Island.
- 1883 ? Queensland annexes southeastern New Guinea.
- 1884 ? Southeastern New Guinea becomes the independent
Territory of Papua
.
- 1886 ? The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are to be administered by the same governor as the
Straits Settlements
.
- 1888 ?
Christmas Island
is annexed by Britain and incorporated into the Straits Settlements.
- 1897 ? Norfolk Island is officially reintegrated into New South Wales.
- 1901 ? New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia, Victoria and South Australia federate into the Commonwealth of Australia. Queensland transfers the Coral Sea Islands to the federal government, creating a federal external territory.
- 1902 ? Britain transfers Papua to Australia as an external territory.
- 1903 ? The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are incorporated into the Straits Settlements.
- 1909 ? Britain annexes Cartier Island.
- 1910 ? Britain claims
Heard Island and the McDonald Islands
.
- 1911 ? The state of South Australia transfers control of northern central mainland Australia to the federal government, creating the
Northern Territory
. A small pocket of New South Wales around the city of
Canberra
is transferred to the federal government (who are seated within it), creating the Federal Capital Territory.
- 1913 ? New South Wales transfers
Norfolk Island
to the federal government, making it a federal external territory.
- 1915 ? A small pocket of New South Wales around
Jervis Bay
is transferred to the federal government and incorporated into the Federal Capital Territory.
- 1920 ? Following the defeat of the
German Empire
in
World War I
, the
League of Nations
establishes an Australian mandate in northeastern New Guinea, it becomes the external
Territory of New Guinea
.
- 1923 ? Another conquered German territory, the island of Nauru, is established as an Australian mandate and external territory by the League of Nations, this time as a co-mandate with Britain and New Zealand.
- 1927 ? The Northern Territory is split into two territories ? North Australia and
Central Australia
.
- 1930 ? The remaining territory in eastern Antarctica is annexed by Britain as
Enderby Land
.
- 1931 ? North Australia and Central Australia are reincorporated as the Northern Territory. Britain recognises Australia as possessors of the uninhabited
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
, making them an external federal territory.
- 1933 ? Britain transfers Victoria Land and Enderby Land to Australia, creating the
Australian Antarctic Territory
, with ongoing limited international recognition.
- 1938 ? The Federal Capital Territory is renamed the "
Australian Capital Territory
".
- 1942 ? The
Japanese Empire
conquers Nauru from Australia, Britain and New Zealand as part of
World War II
. Japan also conquers much of the Straits Settlements, including Christmas Island. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are not conquered and are transferred to the
Colony of Ceylon
.
- 1946 ? The United Nations, the successor to the League of Nations, renews its mandate of New Guinea to Australia.
- 1947 ? Following the defeat of Japan in World War II, the United Nations returns Nauru to Australia, Britain and New Zealand as a joint mandate. Christmas Island returns to Britain and is incorporated into the
Colony of Singapore
. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are also transferred to Singapore.
- 1949 ? Papua and New Guinea are incorporated into the singular
Territory of Papua and New Guinea
. Britain transfers Heard Island and the McDonald Islands to Australia, creating a federal external territory.
- 1955 ? Britain transfers the Cocos (Keeling) Islands to Australia, they become an external territory.
- 1958 ? Britain transfers Christmas Island to Australia, it becomes an external territory.
- 1966 ? The
Republic of Nauru
is established, ending Australian-British-New Zealander control of the island.
- 1975 ? Papua and New Guinea becomes the
Independent State of Papua New Guinea
, ending British-Australian control.
- 1978 ? Northern Territory gains self-government with certain Commonwealth control.
- 1979 ? Norfolk Island gains self-government with certain Commonwealth control.
- 1989 ? The Australian Capital Territory gains self-government with certain Commonwealth control. Jervis Bay becomes independent of the ACT, becoming the
Jervis Bay Territory
.
- 2015 ? Norfolk Island loses self-government with full Commonwealth control.
Comparative terminology
[
edit
]
Politics
[
edit
]
Governors and administrators
[
edit
]
Premiers and chief ministers
[
edit
]
Parliaments
[
edit
]
Supreme courts
[
edit
]
Police forces
[
edit
]
State and territory codes
[
edit
]
State/territory
|
Abbrev.
|
Call signs
|
Postal
|
Telephone numbers in Australia
|
Time zone
|
AM
/
FM
|
TV
|
Amateur
|
Abbrev.
|
Postcode
|
Std
|
Summer
|
New South Wales
|
NSW
|
2xx(x)
|
xx(x)Nn
|
VK2xx
|
NSW
|
1nnn,
[nb 1]
2nnn
|
+61 2 xxxx xxxx
[nb 2]
|
+10 (+
9
+
1
⁄
2
+
10
+
1
⁄
2
)
[nb 3]
|
+11 (+
10
+
1
⁄
2
)
[nb 4]
|
Victoria
|
Vic
|
3xx(x)
|
xx(x)Vn
|
VK3xx
|
VIC
|
3nnn, 8nnn
[nb 1]
|
+61 3 xxxx xxxx
[nb 2]
|
+10
|
+11
|
Queensland
|
Qld
|
4xx(x)
|
xx(x)Qn
|
VK4xx
|
QLD
|
4nnn, 9nnn
[nb 1]
|
+61 7 xxxx xxxx
|
+10
|
Western Australia
|
WA
|
6xx(x)
|
xx(x)Wn
|
VK6xx
|
WA
|
6nnn
|
+61 8 9xxx xxxx
+61 8 6xxx xxxx
|
+8
|
South Australia
|
SA
|
5xx(x)
|
xx(x)Sn
|
VK5xx
|
SA
|
5nnn
|
+61 8 8xxx xxxx
+61 8 7xxx xxxx
|
+
9
+
1
⁄
2
|
+
10
+
1
⁄
2
|
Tasmania
|
Tas
|
7xx(x)
|
xx(x)Tn
|
VK7xx
|
TAS
|
7nnn
|
+61 3 6xxx xxxx
|
+10
|
+11
|
Australian Capital Territory
|
ACT
|
1xx(x)
[nb 5]
|
xx(x)Cn
[nb 5]
|
VK1xx
[nb 5]
|
ACT
|
02nn,
[nb 1]
26nn, 29nn
|
+61 2 62xx xxxx
+61 2 61xx xxxx
|
+10
|
+11
|
Northern Territory
|
NT
|
8xx(x)
|
xx(x)Dn
|
VK8xx
|
NT
|
08nn
|
+61 8 89xx xxxx
|
+
9
+
1
⁄
2
|
External territories
|
Christmas Island
|
|
6xx(x)
|
xx(x)Wn
|
VK9xx
|
WA
|
6798
|
+61 8 9164 xxxx
|
+7
|
Norfolk Island
|
|
2xx(x)
|
xx(x)Nn
|
VK2xx
|
NSW
|
2899
|
+672 3 xx xxx
|
+11
|
+12
|
Cocos Island
|
|
6xx(x)
|
xx(x)Wn
|
VK9xx
|
WA
|
6799
|
+61 8 9162 xxxx
|
+
6
+
1
⁄
2
|
Australian Antarctic Territory
|
AAT
|
none
|
VK0xx
|
TAS
|
7151
|
+672 1
|
+6 to +8
|
- ^
a
b
c
d
This is used for some PO box and large users only.
- ^
a
b
Some exceptions apply to numbers in this state's
number range
.
- ^
The state of New South Wales observes Australian Eastern Standard Time except for
Broken Hill
and the surrounding region, which observes Australian Central Standard Time and Lord Howe Island which is 30 minutes ahead of Australian Eastern Standard Time.
- ^
Broken Hill and surrounding region observe Australian Central Summer Time. Lord Howe Island adopts Australian Eastern Summer Time.
- ^
a
b
c
A number of broadcast stations in the ACT have call signs allocated as if ACT were part of New South Wales.
|
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
The
Australian Antarctic Territory
covers nearly 5.9 million square kilometres, about 42% of
Antarctica
, but this claim is only recognised by
France
,
New Zealand
,
Norway
, and the
United Kingdom
.
[1]
Antarctic territorial claims
are generally
unrecognised
by the
international community
.
- ^
Unless provided, references and details on data provided in the table can be found within the individual state and territory articles.
- ^
Perth was defined as the capital by statute in 2016:
City of Perth Act 2016 (WA)
in
AustLII
.
- ^
Unless provided, references and details on data provided in the table can be found within the individual state and territory articles.
- ^
Crown represented by the
Governor-General of Australia
.
- ^
Administered by the Commonwealth.
- ^
Unless provided, references and details on data provided in the table can be found within the individual state and territory articles.
- ^
Under the definitions in ISO 3166-1, the AAT is covered by the
Antarctican
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code "AQ".
- ^
No permanent population, research station with fluctuating staff numbers.
- ^
No permanent population, weather monitoring station generally with four staff.
[15]
- ^
Most of which is
ocean
.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Antarctic Territory claims and The Antarctic Treaty System
- ^
Twomey, Anne
(January 2008).
"The States, the Commonwealth and the Crown: The Battle for Sovereignty"
.
Parliament of Australia
. Retrieved
12 November
2023
.
- ^
a
b
c
Section 2B,
Acts Interpretation Act 1901
- ^
"Territories of Australia"
.
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications
.
Archived
from the original on 9 February 2021
. Retrieved
29 January
2021
.
- ^
a
b
Davey, Melissa (21 May 2015).
"
'We're not Australian': Norfolk Islanders adjust to shock of takeover by mainland"
.
The Guardian
.
- ^
"Border Lengths ? States and Territories"
.
Geoscience Australia
. Commonwealth of Australia. 2004
. Retrieved
18 August
2016
.
- ^
"Oceans and Seas"
.
Geoscience Australia
. Australian Government. 7 June 2023
. Retrieved
7 November
2023
.
- ^
"Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1933"
.
Federal Register of Legislation
. 4 July 2008.
- ^
a
b
c
ISO 3166-2:AU
(
ISO 3166-2
codes for the states and territories of Australia)
- ^
a
b
c
"National, state and territory population"
.
Australian Bureau of Statistics
. 17 September 2021
. Retrieved
17 September
2021
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Area of Australia ? States and Territories"
.
Geoscience Australia
: National Location Information
. 15 May 2014
. Retrieved
2 November
2016
.
- ^
a
b
"Number of Members"
.
Parliament of Australia
. Retrieved
19 April
2020
.
- ^
"Norfolk Island Regional Council under Administration"
. Norfolk Island Regional Council. 9 December 2016
. Retrieved
23 July
2021
.
- ^
"Meet the Council"
. Shire of Cocos Keeling Islands
. Retrieved
4 April
2022
.
- ^
"How Willis Island weather observers survive life working at the remote outpost off Queensland"
.
ABC News
. 28 March 2018.
Archived
from the original on 31 October 2019
. Retrieved
14 July
2020
.
- ^
"External territories"
.
Archived
from the original on 19 January 2022
. Retrieved
25 April
2021
.
- ^
"10. External territories"
.
www.alrc.gov.au
. 15 July 2010.
- ^
"Frequently asked questions"
.
heardisland.antarctica.gov.au
. 28 February 2005.
- ^
Christmas Island Act 1958
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
10 January 2017 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
22 May 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Jervis Bay Territory Acceptance Act 1915
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
3 April 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Norfolk Island Act 1979
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
22 May 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"Norfolk Island Applied Laws Ordinance 2016"
. Federal Register of Legislation. 28 June 2023.
- ^
"Norfolk Island Applied Laws and Service Delivery (Queensland) Ordinance 2021"
. Federal Register of Legislation. 4 February 2023.
- ^
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Acceptance Act 1933
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
22 May 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Australian Antarctic Territory Act 1954
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
22 May 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Act 1953
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
22 May 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Application of Laws Ordinance 1973 (Coral Sea Islands)
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
5 November 2021 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Coral Sea Islands Act 1969
, Federal Register of Legislation.
Archived
22 May 2022 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"Norfolk Island Legislation"
. Norfolk Island Regional Council.
- ^
a
b
Ling, Ted.
"Dividing the Territory, 1926?31"
.
Commonwealth Government Records about the Northern Territory
. National Archives of Australia
. Retrieved
28 September
2018
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"New South Wales"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"Victoria"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"Queensland"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"Western Australia"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"South Australia"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"Tasmania"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"Australian Capital Territory"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
Australian Bureau of Statistics
(28 June 2022).
"Northern Territory"
.
2021 Census QuickStats
. Retrieved
15 June
2023
.
- ^
"Australian Statistical Geography Standards"
.
Australian Bureau of Statistics
. 11 June 2020
. Retrieved
19 July
2020
.
- ^
A.H. McLintock (ed),
An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
, 3 vols, Wellington, NZ:R.E. Owen, Government Printer, 1966, vol 3 p. 526.'
- ^
Constitution of Australia, section 122
- ^
Jervis Bay Territory Acceptance Act 1915 (Cth)
Archived
6 July 2017 at the
Wayback Machine
.
- ^
"Jervis Bay Territory Governance and Administration"
. The Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport
. Retrieved
17 January
2013
.
Although the Jervis Bay Territory is not part of the Australian Capital Territory, the laws of the ACT apply, insofar as they are applicable and, providing they are not inconsistent with an Ordinance, in the Territory by virtue of the 'Jervis Bay Acceptance Act 1915'
- ^
Hayward, Philip (2021).
"Australia's oddest jurisdiction : the continuous anomaly of Jervis Bay Territory"
.
Small States & Territories
.
4
(1): 157?170.
- ^
"Interstate-registered vehicles"
.
sa.gov.au
. Government of South Australia
. Retrieved
18 August
2019
.
- ^
"Interstate travel"
.
Public Transport Victoria
. Retrieved
18 August
2019
.
- ^
"Applying interstate"
.
VTAC
. Retrieved
18 August
2019
.
|
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States
| | |
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Territories
| Internal
territories
| |
---|
External
territories
| |
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|
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|