City in Khuzestan province, Iran
City in Khuzestan, Iran
Ramhormoz
(
Persian
:
???????
)
[a]
is a city in the
Central District
of
Ramhormoz County
,
Khuzestan province
,
Iran
, serving as capital of both the county and the district.
[4]
In ancient times it had been known as
Samangan
, having been established by the
Sasanian emperor
Hormizd I
,
[5]
although an Elamite tomb has been found as well. The historical territory of
Ramshir
is in this area, only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the city.
History
[
edit
]
According to a
hadith
in
Sahih al-Bukhari
, Ramhormoz is the
ancestral home
of
Salman the Persian
, a
companion of the Prophet
.
[6]
[7]
[8]
Silver coin of the
Caliphate
, mint at Ramhurmuz minted Dated AH 96 (AD 714/5) during
Al-Walid I
's reign
The proper history of the city begins in the Sasanian era, although there have been
Elamite
remains found in and around the city as well. The tomb of the Sasanian founder of the city, Hormizd I, is commonly thought to be situated within the city. "With the gradual Muslim conquest of Khuzestan in the 7th century, R?mhormoz was the scene of a peace agreement between the local Sasanian satrap, Hormoz?n, and the commander of the Muslim army.".
[9]
During the Islamic times, it was remarked by
Muslim geographers
that the city contained a library comparable only to the one in
Basra
in the wealth of its collection, and that silk was produced in the city and distributed to distant lands.
[10]
[11]
The city enjoyed incredible opulence before entering a state of decline.
Ramhormoz was the location in which Elamite was last reported to be spoken. This report was written circa 988 AD by
Al-Muqaddasi
, characterizing the local Khuzi people as bilingual in Arabic and Persian but also speaking an "incomprehensible" language. The town had recently become prosperous again after the foundation of a market. As it received an influx of foreigners and being a "Khuzi" was stigmatized at the time, the language probably died out in the 11th century.
[12]
The 14th-century Muslim
Laguatan
traveler and explorer
ibn Battuta
visited the city during his travels and described the city as "a fine city with fruit-trees and rivers."
[13]
From late
Safavid
until
Qajar Iran
, the allegiance of the city frequently shifted between
Khuzestan
and
Fars Province
. In the 18th and 19th centuries,
Lurs
and
Arabs
started to settle within and around the city from nearby lands.
[14]
Demographics
[
edit
]
Language
[
edit
]
The language of the people of Ramhormoz (which is also called Rumezi) is a
Bakhtiari dialect
.
[15]
Population
[
edit
]
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 49,822 in 10,966 households.
[16]
The following census in 2011 counted 69,869 people in 17,046 households.
[17]
The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 74,285 people in 20,127 households.
[2]
Climate
[
edit
]
Ramhormoz has a
hot semi-arid climate
(
Koppen climate classification
:
BSh
).
Climate data for Ramhormoz (1987?2010)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
27.2
(81.0)
|
31.0
(87.8)
|
37.4
(99.3)
|
43.2
(109.8)
|
47.8
(118.0)
|
50.6
(123.1)
|
51.6
(124.9)
|
51.4
(124.5)
|
48.6
(119.5)
|
43.0
(109.4)
|
35.8
(96.4)
|
31.0
(87.8)
|
51.6
(124.9)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
17.1
(62.8)
|
20.2
(68.4)
|
25.2
(77.4)
|
32.1
(89.8)
|
39.7
(103.5)
|
44.5
(112.1)
|
46.0
(114.8)
|
45.8
(114.4)
|
42.0
(107.6)
|
35.9
(96.6)
|
26.7
(80.1)
|
19.8
(67.6)
|
32.9
(91.2)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
12.7
(54.9)
|
15.0
(59.0)
|
19.2
(66.6)
|
25.4
(77.7)
|
32.2
(90.0)
|
36.3
(97.3)
|
38.2
(100.8)
|
38.0
(100.4)
|
34.2
(93.6)
|
28.9
(84.0)
|
20.7
(69.3)
|
15.0
(59.0)
|
26.3
(79.3)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
9.3
(48.7)
|
9.8
(49.6)
|
13.3
(55.9)
|
18.7
(65.7)
|
24.7
(76.5)
|
28.2
(82.8)
|
30.5
(86.9)
|
30.1
(86.2)
|
26.3
(79.3)
|
21.8
(71.2)
|
14.7
(58.5)
|
10.2
(50.4)
|
19.7
(67.5)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?0.8
(30.6)
|
?0.8
(30.6)
|
2.8
(37.0)
|
7.6
(45.7)
|
15.6
(60.1)
|
21.6
(70.9)
|
23.4
(74.1)
|
22.6
(72.7)
|
18.4
(65.1)
|
12.4
(54.3)
|
2.2
(36.0)
|
0.6
(33.1)
|
?0.8
(30.6)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
77.1
(3.04)
|
42.5
(1.67)
|
43.2
(1.70)
|
19.7
(0.78)
|
1.9
(0.07)
|
0.1
(0.00)
|
0.1
(0.00)
|
0.2
(0.01)
|
0.9
(0.04)
|
8.0
(0.31)
|
29.0
(1.14)
|
87.5
(3.44)
|
310.2
(12.21)
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ 1.0 mm)
|
7.0
|
4.4
|
4.3
|
3.2
|
0.5
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.8
|
3.4
|
5.7
|
29.5
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
69
|
58
|
48
|
37
|
21
|
17
|
19
|
21
|
21
|
28
|
45
|
65
|
37
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
175.5
|
195.1
|
229.8
|
233.4
|
290.6
|
339.6
|
336.1
|
339.8
|
309.8
|
272.3
|
214.7
|
178.3
|
3,115
|
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),
[18]
(temperatures),
[19]
(precipitation),
[20]
(humidity),
[21]
(days with precipitation),
[22]
(sunshine)
[23]
|
See also
[
edit
]
Media related to
Ramhormoz
at Wikimedia Commons
Iran portal
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Also
romanized
as
R?m Hormuz
and
R?mhormoz
;
Lurish
: ????, romanized as
Rumez
; also known as
R?muz
[3]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
OpenStreetMap contributors (2 April 2024).
"Ramhormoz, Ramhormoz County"
(Map).
OpenStreetMap
(in Persian)
. Retrieved
2 April
2024
.
- ^
a
b
"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)"
.
AMAR
(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from
the original
(Excel)
on 21 October 2020
. Retrieved
19 December
2022
.
- ^
Ramhormoz can be found at
GEOnet Names Server
, at
this link
, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3080776" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
- ^
Habibi, Hassan.
"Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz"
.
Islamic Parliament Research Center
(in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from
the original
on 17 July 2014
. Retrieved
25 January
2024
.
- ^
The History of Al-Tabari: The Sasanids, the Lakhmids, and Yemen
. SUNY Press. 1999. p. 43.
ISBN
9780791443569
.
- ^
Milad Milani (2014).
Sufism in the Secret History of Persia
. Routledge. p. 180.
ISBN
9781317544593
.
In one particular hadith, Salman mentions he is from Ramhormoz, though this is a reference to his ancestry as his father was transferred from Ramhormoz to Esfahan, residing in Jey (just outside the military camp), which was designed to accommodate the domestic requirements of military personnel.
- ^
Mukhta?ar S?rat Al-Ras?l
. Translated by Sameh Strauch. Darussalam. 2006. p. 94.
ISBN
9789960980324
.
- ^
Sahih Bukhari, Book 5, Volume 58, Hadith 283 (Merits of the Helpers in Madinah [Ansaar])
.
Narrated Salman: I am from Ram-Hurmuz (i.e. a Persian town).
- ^
Chase F. Robinson, “The Conquest of Kh?zist?n,” BSOAS 67/1, 2004, pp. 14-39.
- ^
Wilhelm Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton, N.J, 1984.
- ^
??????, ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? (1368). ????? ? ?????. ?????: ???? ? ??????.
- ^
Van Bladel, Kevin T. (July 2021).
"The Language of the X?z and the Fate of Elamite"
.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
.
31
(3): 447?462.
doi
:
10.1017/S1356186321000092
.
ISSN
1356-1863
.
- ^
The Travels of Ibn Battuta A. D. 1325-1354. Volume II. pp. 283. The Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press; First Thus Edition (January 1, 1962)
- ^
"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
.
- ^
"Khuzestan viii. Dialects"
.
Encyclopædia Iranica
.
Archived
from the original on 8 July 2023
. Retrieved
15 August
2023
.
- ^
"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)"
.
AMAR
(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from
the original
(Excel)
on 20 September 2011
. Retrieved
25 September
2022
.
- ^
"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)"
.
Syracuse University
(in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 06. Archived from
the original
(Excel)
on 18 January 2023
. Retrieved
19 December
2022
.
- ^
- ^
- ^
"Monthly Total Precipitation in Ramhormoz by Month 1987?2010"
. Iran Meteorological Organization
. Retrieved
8 April
2015
.
- ^
"Average relative humidity in Ramhormoz by Month 1987?2010"
. Iran Meteorological Organization
. Retrieved
8 April
2015
.
- ^
"No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Ramhormoz by Month 1987?2010"
. Iran Meteorological Organization
. Retrieved
8 April
2015
.
- ^
"Monthly total sunshine hours in Ramhormoz by Month 1987?2010"
. Iran Meteorological Organization
. Retrieved
8 April
2015
.
|
---|
Capital
| | |
---|
Counties
and
cities
| |
---|
Sights
|
- Abadan's museum
- Gundishapur
- Acropole of Shush
- Apadana in Susa
- Arjan castle, Behbahan
- Asak ancient city, Hendijan
- Chagadom tappe fire temple
- Chogha Mish
Proto-Elamite
site
- Chogha Zanbil
- Dav o Dokhtar castle, Ramhormoz
- Dez Dam
- Eshkaft-e Salman
- Gargar bridge, Shushtar
- Haft Tepe
- Hoor-al-azim lagoon
- Imamzadeh Roudband, Dezful
- Imamzadeh Sabz-e-ghaba, Dezful
- Karkheh Dam
- Khorramshahr mosque,
Battle of Khorramshahr
- Kul-e Farah
- lake of
Karkheh
dam
- Lake of
Karun
- Lali bridge
- Meyangaran lagoon
- Rangooni's mosque
- Salasel castle, Shushtar
- Shadegan lagoon
- Shevi waterfall, Dezful
- Shush-Daniel
- Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
- Shushtar Watermills
- Susa
- Shush Castle
- Taryana
- Tobiron valley, Dezful
- Tomb of Daniel, Shush
- White bridge, Ahvaz
- Ya'qub-i Laith
's tomb, Dezful
|
---|
Populated places
| |
---|