Queen dowager of Joseon (1355?1412)
Queen Jeongan
(
Korean
:
정안왕후 金氏
, 30 January 1355 ? 11 August 1412
[a]
) or
Queen Anjeong
(
安定王后
), of the Gyeongju Kim clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and queen consort of
Yi Gyeong, King Jeongjong
; the second monarch of the Korean
Joseon Dynasty
. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1398 and was honoured as
Queen Deok
(
德妃
) until her husband's abdication in 1400 after which she was honoured as
Queen Dowager Sundeok
(
순덕王大妃
).
Biography
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Early life
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Lady Kim was born during
King Gongmin of Goyreo
’s 4th year of reign on 30 January 1355 into the Gyeongju Kim clan as the eldest daughter of Kim Cheon-seo and Lady Lee of the Damyang Lee clan. Lady Kim had two older brothers and five younger siblings.
Lady Kim is descended from the Silla Dynasty’s Gyeongju Kim clan. During the reign of
King Shinjong of Goryeo
, her grandfather, Kim Bong-mo (김봉모, 金鳳毛; ??1209), served as Pyeongjangsa (
平章事
;
平章事
) and received the posthumous title of Jeongpyeong (
定評
;
靖平
). He later established the Pyeongjangsa Branch (
平章事公派
) of the clan.
Through her 6th great-grandfather, Lady Kim was a 12th great-granddaughter of
King Gyeongsun of Silla
and
Princess Nakrang
through their second son, Kim Eun-yeol. She and
Queen Jeongsun
are distantly related as they share Kim Jeong-gu (김정구, 金正矩; 973?1057) as their last common ancestor, and was also the grandson of Kim Eun-yeol.
Through her great-great-grandmother, Lady Kim was a fourth cousin twice removed of
Queen Wongyeong
as they shared Min Yeong-mo as their ancestor, and would eventually become her sister-in-law through marriage.
It is unknown what year she married Yi Bang-gwa, the second son of
Yi Seong-gye
and
Lady Han
.
Royal life
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In 1398, at the age of 42-43, she became Crown Princess Consort Deok when her husband, Prince Yeongan (the future
King Jeongjong
), became Crown Prince. Her father was given the royal title of “Internal Prince Wolseong, Kim Cheon-seo” (
월성府院君 김천서
;
月城府院君 金天瑞
), and her mother was given the royal title of “Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan” (
삼한국大夫人 潭陽 李氏
;
三韓國大夫人 潭陽 李氏
).
She was then referred as “Queen Consort Deok" (德妃;
Deokbi
meaning
Virtuous Consort
) from the 5 September 1398 until her husband’s abdication.
In the aftermath of the Second Strife of Princes when her husband abdicated in favor of his younger brother,
Yi Bang-won, Prince Jeongan
on 28 November 1400, along with him being bestowed the courtesy title of "King Emeritus Inmungongye" (
人文工藝上王
), she was bestowed the courtesy title of "Queen Dowager Sundeok" (순덕王大妃,
Sundeok-Wangdaebi
) by her royal brother-in-law.
Death and posthumous title
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Queen Deok later died on 11 August 1412 during her brother-in-law’s, King Taejong, reign. Her husband outlived her by seven years and both are buried within
Hureung
in Yeongjeong-ri,
Kaepung County
,
North Hwanghae Province
,
North Korea
. She had no issue with
King Jeongjong
.
She was given the posthumous title of Queen Jeongan (
정안왕후
;
定安王后
) after her death, but was also given another lesser-known posthumous title "Queen Anjeong" (
安定王后
;
安定王后
) during King Yeonsan’s 10th year of reign and King Gwanghae’s 1st year of reign.
In 1681, 270 years after her death,
King Sukjong
added
Onmyeongjangui
(
온名匠의
;
溫明莊懿
) to her posthumous title.
Family
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Parent
- Father ? Kim Cheon-seo (
김천서
;
金天瑞
)
- Mother ? Internal Princess Consort Samhanguk of the Damyang Lee clan (
삼한국大夫人 潭陽 李氏
;
三韓國大夫人 潭陽 李氏
)
Sibling
- Older brother ? Kim Seok-jun (
金錫俊
;
金釋俊
; 1336??)
- Older brother ? Kim Su, Prince Wolseong, Duke Jeongho (
月城郡 정호공 金睟
;
金需
; 1338?1409)
- Younger brother ? Kim Sam-won (
김삼원
;
金三原
; 1357??)
- Younger sister ? Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (
慶州 金氏
;
慶州 金氏
; 1359??)
- Younger brother - Kim Ui-yeol (
김의열
;
金義烈
; 1360??)
- Younger sister ? Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (
慶州 金氏
;
慶州 金氏
; 1361??)
- Younger sister ? Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan (
慶州 金氏
;
慶州 金氏
; 1382??)
Consort
In popular culture
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Notes
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- ^
In lunar calendar, the Queen was born on 9 January 1355 and died on 25 June 1412
References
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External links
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Queens of Joseon
(1392?1897)
| Queens consort
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Queens dowager
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Grand queens dowager
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Empresses of Korea
(1897?1910)
| Empresses consort
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Empress dowager
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- 1
given the rank of queen posthumously.
- 2
given the rank of empress posthumously but served as a queen during her lifetime.
- 3
given the rank of empress posthumously.
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