Freshwater lake in Zhejiang, China
Qiandao Lake
(
simplified Chinese
:
千?湖
;
traditional Chinese
:
千島湖
;
pinyin
:
Qi?nd?o Hu
;
lit.
'Thousand Island Lake') is a man-made freshwater lake located in
Chun'an County
,
Hangzhou
,
Zhejiang
Province, China, that was formed after the completion of the
Xin'an River
hydroelectric station
in 1959.
Geography
[
edit
]
1,078 large islands dot the lake and a few thousand smaller ones are scattered across it. Over 90% of the land area is forested. The islands in the lake include Bird Island, Snake Island, Monkey Island, Lock Island (featuring supposedly the world's biggest lock),
[
clarification needed
]
[1]
and the Island to Remind You of Your Childhood. The lake covers an area of 573 km
2
(221 sq mi) and has a storage capacity of 17.8 km
3
(4.3 cu mi). The islands in the lake cover about 86 km
2
(33 sq mi).
The trend of Qiandao Lake's transformation from mid mesotrophic to
mesotrophic
, the polluting elements are
heavy metals
,
nitrogen
,
phosphorus
and
organic matter
, cages and cruise ships; (up to 10 meters underwater) the temperature changes greatly, with an average of 28.2 °C-24.4 °C, and the water temperature is mostly maintained at a relatively high temperature, called the warm water layer, which is greatly affected by floods. About 30 meters up and down there is a sudden change of water temperature. This layer can also be called
thermocline
.
Spanning an area that nearly matches the size of Singapore and renown for having clear waters, Qiandao Lake hosts a major fishery and aquaculture industry.
[2]
[3]
There are 83 species of fish in 13 families, including bighead carp, silver carp, grass carp, as well as precious fish species such as tuna, mandarin fish, and eel, with an annual output of more than 3,000 tons. It has also developed an artificial breeding industry, that mainly breeds carp, bream and tilapia, with an annual output of nearly 900,000 tons.
[4]
Due to its still waters, the lake is stocked with 30,000 sturgeons, a species that is native to Russia and Central Asia, which are bred to produce
caviar
for the
Kaluga Queen
label. The stillness of the waters helps the sturgeons to not have to swim against water currents and consequently be fattier, which allows its roe to be tastier and richer.
[5]
[6]
History
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]
Xin'an River Dam
[
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]
The valley was flooded in 1959 to create the lake for the Xin'an River Dam project.
[7]
The dam that created the lake is located at
29°29′01″N
119°12′48″E
/
29.48361°N 119.21333°E
/
29.48361; 119.21333
(
Xin'an Dam
)
and is 105 m (344 ft) tall with a crest length of 466.5 m (1,531 ft). Xin'an Dam was the first dam constructed in China with a height greater than 100 m (328 ft) and its power plant has an installed capacity of 845 MW.
[8]
Submerged city of Shicheng
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]
Submerged in the lake, at the foot of Wushi Mountain (五?山, "Five Lion Mountain"), lies an ancient city known as Shicheng (?城, "Lion City"), and was the county seat of the defunct
Sui'an County
(遂安?), which was merged into
Chun'an County
due to the construction of Qiandao Lake. It was built during the
Eastern Han Dynasty
(AD 25?200) and was first set up as a county in AD 208. The city acquired its name from nearby Wushi (Five Lion) Mountain, which is now known as Wushi Island since it too became partially submerged by the reservoir. At present Shi Cheng remains well-preserved and undisturbed at a depth of 26?40 m (85?131 ft).
[9]
Besides the city of Shi Cheng many other historic sites have been confirmed beneath the water.
Qiandao Lake incident
[
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]
In 1994, in an event since named the
Qiandao Lake Incident
, three hijackers boarded a boat full of tourists and set it on fire, killing all 32 passengers on board. The passengers were mainly tourists from
Taiwan
.
[10]
[11]
Archimedes bridge
[
edit
]
In 1998, a Chinese-Italian consortium began planning
the construction of a prototype
of a
submerged floating tunnel
(also known as an
Archimedes
bridge), and decided in 2005 to build it across Qiandao Lake. The bridge, the first in the world of its kind, is expected to span 100 m (330 ft), as a
proof of concept
for larger bridges.
[12]
[13]
[14]
Economy
[
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]
Companies take advantage of the pristine quality of the water and environment for
aquaculture
and water branding. Qiandao Lake is used to produce the
Nongfu Spring
brand of
mineral water
.
Kaluga Queen
produces much of the world's caviar through raising sturgeon in pens at the lake.
[15]
The lake has made
Zhejiang
a popular area for tourists. As a result, housing development has increased in the area since the late 1990s.
Transport
[
edit
]
An expressway links
Hangzhou
, Qiandao Lake, and
Huangshan
in
Anhui
. Every half an hour buses leave from West Hangzhou bus station to that connect Qiandao Lake.
[16]
On December 25, 2018, high speed rail services started to serve the
Qiandaohu railway station
on the
Hangzhou-Huangshan intercity railway
.
[17]
Gallery
[
edit
]
-
Entrance to the Scenic Area of Qiandao Lake
-
Huizhou
style architecture
-
-
A lotus pond at Qiandao Lake
-
A
Taiji
symbol at Qiandao Lake
-
Shrine
dedicated to
Hai Rui
on Longshan Island
-
Painted wooden relief at the Hai Rui Shrine
-
Shou
(?, longevity) character written by Hai Rui. The character can be viewed either right-side up or upside down to read "Shou".
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Qiandao Lake: The Thousand Island Lake and Ancient Submerged Cities"
.
www.amusingplanet.com
. Retrieved
2021-12-22
.
- ^
"Battle lines drawn to fish in China's Thousand Island Lake"
.
South China Morning Post
. 2018-04-11
. Retrieved
2022-12-12
.
- ^
"Fishing 'nomads': corralling carp on China's Thousand Island Lake"
.
au.news.yahoo.com
. Retrieved
2022-12-12
.
- ^
"百度安全??"
.
wappass.baidu.com
. Retrieved
2022-02-08
.
- ^
"Your High Quality Caviar Might Just Be Made in China"
.
Time
. 20 December 2017
. Retrieved
2022-12-12
.
- ^
"How Chinese caviar conquered the world with help of Lufthansa"
.
South China Morning Post
. 2021-03-11
. Retrieved
2022-12-12
.
- ^
"Qiandao Lake flooded"
.
The International Camellia Journal
(32?36): 25. 2000
. Retrieved
18 February
2014
.
- ^
"Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station"
. eTeacher Group Ltd. Archived from
the original
on 31 March 2012
. Retrieved
5 September
2011
.
- ^
"Dive the Ancient Ruins of Lion City at Qiandao Lake"
.
Underwater Photography Guide
. Retrieved
2021-12-22
.
- ^
"Fire on the Lake"
(PDF)
. International Committee for human right in Taiwan
. Retrieved
18 February
2014
.
- ^
Xin, Xin (2012).
How the Market is Changing China's News: The Case of Xinhua News Agency
. New York: Lexington Books. p. 62.
ISBN
978-0-7391-5097-9
.
- ^
"
'Archimedes Bridge' in China?"
.
China Daily
. December 18, 2001
. Retrieved
January 17,
2018
.
- ^
"First Archimedes Bridge Prototype to Appear in Zhejiang"
. crienglish.com. April 19, 2007
. Retrieved
January 17,
2018
.
[
dead link
]
- ^
Mazzolani, F.M.; Faggiano, B.; Martire, G. (2010).
"Design aspects of the AB prototype in the Qiandao Lake"
.
Procedia Engineering
.
4
: 21?33.
doi
:
10.1016/j.proeng.2010.08.005
.
- ^
"Fishy business"
.
China Daily
. December 9, 2016.
- ^
"Qiandao Lake provides beauty 1,000 times"
.
Shanghai Daily
. April 20, 2014.
- ^
"千?湖正式??高?旅游新?代??杭?高?"千?湖?"旅游?列首??抵淳-新??"
.
www.xinhuanet.com
. Archived from
the original
on January 12, 2019
. Retrieved
2019-01-11
.
External links
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]