Species of flowering plants
Yamazakura
, by
Kawahara Keiga
, 1820s, Siebold Collection,
Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Prunus jamasakura
, the
Japanese mountain cherry
, is a species of
flowering plant
in the family
Rosaceae
that is
endemic
to Japan.
Taxonomy
[
edit
]
The species was first given a
binomial
by
Philipp Franz von Siebold
in 1830,
[4]
[5]
: 148
the
specific epithet
relating to the
Japanese
common name
,
Yama-zakura
(
ヤマザクラ, 山?
)
,
[2]
lit.
the "mountain" or "wild cherry".
[5]
: 149
While Siebold alludes to the uses to which the tree has traditionally been put?its wood in
woodblock printing
, its bark in a range of crafts (
kabazaiku
), its fruit for consumption
[4]
[note 1]
?there is no
description
,
diagnosis
, or reference to previous literature containing such, no illustration, and no mention of a
type specimen
,
[5]
: 148
his
Prunus jamasakura
being a
nomen nudum
[5]
: 150
or
seminudum
.
[6]
: 278
Tomitaro Makino
first
described
the
taxon
in 1908, as
Prunus pseudocerasus
var.
jamasakura
.
[7]
: 93
Elevated to species rank (
Prunus jamasakura
) by
Gen-ichi Koidzumi
in 1911,
[8]
: 184
in 1992
Hideaki Ohba
moved the mountain cherry to the genus
Cerasus
,
[6]
: 278
a treatment still followed by a number of authorities.
[9]
[10]
[11]
Ohba and
Shinobu Akiyama
suggest that Makino's var.
jamasakura
is a "superfluous name" and give the
citation
Cerasus jamasakura
(Siebold ex Koidz.) H. Ohba.
[5]
: 150
Two
varieties
are recognized:
[3]
Description
[
edit
]
Prunus jamasakura
is a
deciduous
tree that grows to a height of 20?25 metres (66?82 ft).
[9]
[10]
[14]
Koidzumi's description is as follows: "a
glabrous
tree, more rarely
pubescent
.
Elliptic leaves
suddenly
acuminate
, sharply
setaceo
-
serrated
.
Petioles
arranged mostly towards the apex, with two
glands
.
Coetaneous
flowers very rarely
sub
precocious
,
corymbose
or
fascicled
. Glabrous
style
."
[8]
: 185
[note 2]
His description of the
Tsukushi
variety notes: "
umbels
with shorter
peduncles
, smaller
bracts
, and leaves'
saw-teeth
less
aristate
".
[13]
: 57
[note 3]
A study of the impact of feeding upon the fruit by
black bears
noted their preference for
ripe
cherries (some 50?66 days after
blossoming
) and found no
significant difference
in the percentage of seeds that
germinated
compared with the
control
, suggesting their potential in
dispersal
.
[15]
Distribution
[
edit
]
The
endemic
[16]
species occurs in the low mountains and
secondary forests
of Japan, from the
Kant? region
of
Honsh?
to
Shikoku
and
Ky?sh?
.
[2]
[14]
The Tsukushi variety is found on the islands surrounding Ky?sh?, including
Tsushima
,
Tanegashima
, and the
Tokara Islands
.
[3]
[14]
Conservation status
[
edit
]
Prunus jamasakura
is classed as
Least Concern
on the
IUCN
Red List
, although the 2021 assessment notes a decline in the area and quality of its habitat.
[2]
Cultural significance
[
edit
]
The mountain cherry, even if its historic
circumscription
hasn't always conformed with current
taxonomic
understanding and
molecular phylogenetics
, has inspired
Japanese poets
since the days of the
Man'y?sh?
and long been the object of the practices of appreciation known as
hanami
.
[17]
[18]
Records of its full blossoming and of viewing parties in
Edo period
diaries and chronicles are such that they have been drawn on more recently for the reconstruction of historic temperatures.
[19]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
"Lignum exclusive in
usum xylographorum
versum, cortex pro diversis utensilibus ac fructus a pueris colliguntur."
- ^
"Arbor glaber rarius pubescens. Folia elliptica subito acuminata, argute setaceo-serrulata. Petioli plerumque versus apicem glandulis duobus instructi. Flores coaetanei rarissime subprecociores, corymbosi vel fasciculati. Stylus glaber."
- ^
"Umbellae pedunculis brevioribus, bracteis minoribus, foliorum serraturis brevius aristatis."
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Xian-Gui Yi; Jie Chen; Meng Li; Hong Zhu; Zhong-Shuai Sun; Toshio Katsuki; Xian-Rong Wang (2020) [Published online 13 December 2019].
"Complete chloroplast genome of the wild Japanese Mountain cherry (
Prunus jamasakura
, Rosaceae)"
.
Mitochondrial DNA B Resources
.
5
(1): 290?291.
doi
:
10.1080/23802359.2019.1699463
.
PMC
7748705
.
PMID
33366524
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Oldfield, S. (2021).
"
Prunus jamasakura
"
.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
.
2021
: e.T173917565A173917817.
doi
:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T173917565A173917817.en
.
- ^
a
b
c
"
Prunus jamasakura
(Makino) Siebold ex Koidz."
Plants of the World Online
.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
. Retrieved
18 April
2024
.
- ^
a
b
von Siebold, Philipp Franz
(1830).
"Synopsis Plantarum Oeconomicarum universi regni Japonici"
.
Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen
(in Latin).
12
: 68.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Ohba, Hideaki
;
Akiyama, Shinobu
(22 November 2019). "The Lectotypification of
Prunus jamasakura
and Allied Native Species of
Cerasus
sect.
Sargentiella
in Japan (Rosaceae?Prunoideae)".
Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B (Botany)
.
45
(4).
National Museum of Nature and Science
: 147?164.
- ^
a
b
c
Ohba, Hideaki
(1992). "Japanese Cherry Trees under the Genus Cerasus (Rosaceae)".
The Journal of Japanese Botany
.
67
(5): 276?281.
doi
:
10.51033/jjapbot.67_5_8728
.
- ^
Makino, T.
(1908).
"Observations on the Flora of Japan. (Continued from p. 72.)"
.
The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo)
.
22
(257): 93?102.
doi
:
10.15281/jplantres1887.22.257_93
.
- ^
a
b
Koidzumi, G.
(1911).
"Notes on Japanese Rosaceae. III"
.
The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo)
.
25
(295): 183?188.
doi
:
10.15281/jplantres1887.25.295_183
.
- ^
a
b
Kunio, Kunio; Boufford, David Edward;
Ohba, Hideaki
, eds. (2001).
Flora of Japan. Volume IIb: Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Archichlamydeae(b)
. Tokyo: Kodansha. pp. 139?140.
ISBN
4-06-154605-8
.
- ^
a
b
Ohashi, Hiroyoshi
; Kadota, Yuichi; Murata, Jin; Yonekura, Koji, eds. (2016).
日本の野生植物 第3? バラ科?センダン科
[
Wild Flowers of Japan. vol. 3: Rosaceae?Meliaceae
] (in Japanese). Tokyo:
Heibonsha
. pp. 67?68, pl. 48, 49.
ISBN
978-4-582-53533-4
.
- ^
Yonekura, Koji; Kajita, Tadashi.
植物和名??名インデックス
[YList] (in Japanese)
. Retrieved
19 April
2024
.
- ^
Ohwi, J.
(1953).
"日本植物誌"中に揭出せる植物の新?名及新組合せ
[New Scientific Names and New Combinations of Plants that can be found in "Flora of Japan"].
Bulletin of the National Science Museum
(in Japanese).
33
.
National Science Museum
: 66?90.
doi
:
10.11501/2365780
.
- ^
a
b
Koidzumi, Geniti
(1918).
"Contributiones ad Floram Asiae Orientalis"
.
The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo)
(in Latin).
32
(375): 53?63.
doi
:
10.15281/jplantres1887.32.375_53
.
- ^
a
b
c
Ohwi, Jisaburo
(1965).
Flora of Japan (in English). A combined, much revised, and extended translation by the author of his 日本植物誌 FLORA OF JAPAN (1953) and 日本植物誌シダ篇 FLORA OF JAPAN?PTERIDOPHYTA (1957)
.
Washington, D.C.
:
Smithsonian Institution
. p. 544.
- ^
Koike, Shinsuke; Kasai, Shinsuke; Yamazaki, Koji; Furubayashi, Kengo (March 2008).
"Fruit phenology of
Prunus jamasakura
and the feeding habit of the Asiatic black bear as a seed disperser"
.
Ecological Research
.
23
(2): 385?392.
Bibcode
:
2008EcoR...23..385K
.
doi
:
10.1007/s11284-007-0399-3
.
- ^
Kat?, M.
[in Japanese]
;
Ebihara, A.
[in Japanese]
(March 2011).
日本の固有植物
[
Endemic Plants of Japan
] (in Japanese).
Tokai University Press
. pp. 77, 316.
ISBN
978-4-486-01897-1
.
- ^
Takuz?, Yamada
[in Japanese]
; Nakajima, Shintaro (1995).
万葉植物事典「万葉植物を?む」
[
Encyclopaedia of Man'y? Plants
] (in Japanese).
Hokuryukan
. pp. 263?269.
ISBN
4-8326-0374-4
.
- ^
Katsuki, Toshio (2015).
?
[
Sakura
] (in Japanese).
Iwanami Shoten
. pp. 86?95, 106, 166?168.
ISBN
978-4004315346
.
- ^
Aono, Yasuyuki (2014). "Cherry blossom phenological data since the seventeenth century for Edo (Tokyo), Japan, and their application to estimation of March temperatures".
International Journal of Biometeorology
.
59
(4): 427?435.
doi
:
10.1007/s00484-014-0854-0
.
PMID
24899397
.
|
---|
Prunus jamasakura
| |
---|
Cerasus jamasakura
| |
---|
Prunus pseudocerasus
var.
jamasakura
| |
---|