From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
22nd Presidium
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Duration
| 31 October 1961 ? 8 April 1966
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Khrushchev chaired the Presidium from 1955 to 1964.
Brezhnev succeeded Khrushchev in 1964, and chaired the renamed Presidium until 1982.
The
Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU)
was in session from 1961 to 1966. CPSU
First Secretary
Nikita Khrushchev
chaired the Presidium from 1961 to 1964;
Leonid Brezhnev
succeeded him that year and chaired it until 1966.
In contrast to full members, candidate members of the Presidium could not vote during Presidium sessions.
It was normal that a full member of the Presidium had previously served as a candidate member, but this was not always the case.
During the term 23 people held seats in the Presidium: 14 full members and 9 candidate members. One candidate member was promoted to full membership in the Presidium during the term. Not a single Presidium member died during this period while retaining office.
The
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
was, according to
sovietologists
Merle Fainsod
and
Jerry F. Hough
, elected unanimously at the
22nd Party Congress
(17?31 October 1961).
The 22nd Central Committee in turn elected the Politburo unanimously.
Brezhnev, the
Chairman
of the
Presidium
of the
Supreme Soviet
, was considered as an alternative to Kozlov as Second Secretary, but was instead made Third Secretary, the secretary responsible for industry. In 1963, for unknown reasons, possibly health reasons, Brezhnev took over Kozlov's duties at the Secretariat, and became the
de facto
Second Secretary. When a Western journalist asked Khrushchev in 1963 who would succeed him, Khrushchev responded bluntly "Brezhnev".
After a prolonged power struggle, Khrushchev was ousted from power,
and a
collective leadership
led by Brezhnev, Kosygin, Podgorny,
Mikhail Suslov
and
Andrei Kirilenko
was formed.
In the months following Khrushchev's ousting, three members were elected to the Presidium:
Alexander Shelepin
, the Chairman of the
State Control Commission
;
Petro Shelest
, the First Secretary of the
Communist Party of Ukraine
; and
Kirill Mazurov
, a
First Deputy Chairman
of the Council of Ministers.
While Brezhnev may have been General Secretary, he did not have a majority in the Presidium; when Kosygin and Podgorny agreed on policy, which was not often the case, Brezhnev found himself in the minority. Brezhnev could only count on three to four votes in the Presidium: Suslov, who often switched sides, Kirilenko, Pel?e and
Dmitry Polyansky
.
Brezhnev and Kosygin often disagreed on policy; Brezhnev was a conservative while Kosygin was a modest reformer. Kosygin, who had begun his premiership as Brezhnev's equal, lost much power and influence within the Presidium when he introduced the
1965?1971 Soviet economic reform
.
Composition
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Members
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Candidates
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References
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General
Full- and candidate membership of the Presidium were taken from these sources:
Specific
Bibliography
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- Fainsod, Merle
;
Hough, Jerry F.
(1979).
How the Soviet Union is Governed
.
Harvard University Press
.
ISBN
9780674410305
.
- Dogan, Mattei; Higley, John (1998).
Elites, Crises, and the Origins of Regimes
. Rowman & Littlefield.
ISBN
978-0847690237
.
- Schmidt-Hauer, Christian (1986).
Gorbachev: The Path to Power
. I.B. Tauris.
ISBN
9781850430155
.
- Huskey, Eugene (1992).
Executive Power and Soviet Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Soviet State
. M. E. Sharpe.
ISBN
9781563240591
.
- Baylis, Thomas A. (1989).
Governing by Committee: Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies
. State University of New York Press.
ISBN
978-0887069444
.
- Cocks, Paul;
Daniels, Robert Vincent
; Whittier Heer, Nancy (1976).
The Dynamics of Soviet Politics
. Harvard University Press.
ISBN
9780674218819
.
- Zemtsov, Ilya (1989).
Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika
. Transaction Publishers.
ISBN
9781412819459
.
- Brown, Archie
(2009).
The Rise & Fall of Communism
. Bodley Head.
ISBN
9780307372246
.
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Central Committee
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National meetings
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Leadership sittings
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Wider organisation
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Groupings
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See also
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