From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
president of Czechoslovakia
(
Czech
:
prezident ?eskoslovenska
,
Slovak
:
prezident ?esko-Slovenska
) was the
head of state
of
Czechoslovakia
, from the
creation
of the
First Czechoslovak Republic
in 1918 until the
dissolution
of the
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
on 1 January 1993.
In periods when the presidency was vacant, most presidential duties were assumed by the
prime minister
.
The second section lists the leaders of the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
(KS?) from 1948 to 1989. The post was titled as chairman from 1948 to 1953, first secretary from 1953 to 1971, and general secretary from 1971 to 1989. After the
1948 coup d'etat
, the KS?'s leader was the country's
de facto
chief executive. However, three party leaders (
Klement Gottwald
,
Antonin Novotny
and
Gustav Husak
) also served as president at some point in their tenures.
Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918?1992)
[
edit
]
- Political parties
- Other factions
| No.
|
Portrait
|
Name
(Birth?Death)
|
Ethnicity
|
Elected
|
Term of office
|
Political party
|
| Took office
|
Left office
|
Time in office
|
|
|
| (1918?1938)
|
| 1
|
|
Toma? Masaryk
(1850?1937)
|
Czech
|
1918
1920
1927
1934
|
14 November 1918
|
14 December 1935
|
17 years, 30 days
|
Independent
|
| 2
|
|
Edvard Bene?
(1884?1948)
|
Czech
|
1935
|
18 December 1935
|
5 October 1938
|
2 years, 291 days
|
?SNS
|
|
|
| (1938?1939)
|
| 3
|
|
Emil Hacha
(1872?1945)
|
Czech
|
1938
|
30 November 1938
|
15 March 1939
|
105 days
|
Independent
|
|
|
(1939?1945)
 Emil Hacha
became State President of the
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
, a
de jure
autonomous region
incorporated into
Nazi Germany
.
[1]
[2]
 Edvard Bene?
proclaimed himself President within the
Czechoslovak government-in-exile
, which was the government of Czechoslovakia recognized by the
Allies
during
World War II
.
 Jozef Tiso
became President of the quasi-independent, pro-
Nazi
and
clero-fascist
Slovak Republic
.
 Avgustyn Voloshyn
became President of the
Carpatho-Ukraine
few days before
invasion
and
occupation
by the
Kingdom of Hungary
.
|
|
|
| (1945?1948)
|
| 2
|
|
Edvard Bene?
(1884?1948)
|
Czech
|
1946
|
4 April 1945
|
7 June 1948
|
3 years, 64 days
|
?SNS
|
|
|
(1948?1989)
Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948?1960),
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
(1960?1989)
|
| 4
|
|
Klement Gottwald
(1896?1953)
|
Czech
|
1948
|
14 June 1948
|
14 March 1953
|
4 years, 273 days
|
KS?
|
| 5
|
|
Antonin Zapotocky
(1884?1957)
|
Czech
|
1953
|
21 March 1953
|
13 November 1957
|
4 years, 237 days
|
KS?
|
| 6
|
|
Antonin Novotny
(1904?1975)
|
Czech
|
1957
1964
|
19 November 1957
|
22 March 1968
|
10 years, 124 days
|
KS?
|
| 7
|
|
Ludvik Svoboda
(1895?1979)
|
Czech
|
1968
1973
|
30 March 1968
|
29 May 1975
|
7 years, 60 days
|
KS?
|
| 8
|
|
Gustav Husak
(1913?1991)
|
Slovak
|
1975
1980
1985
|
29 May 1975
|
10 December 1989
|
14 years, 195 days
|
KS?
|
|
|
(1989?1992)
Official names: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989?1990),
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
(1990?1992)
|
| 9
|
|
Vaclav Havel
(1936?2011)
|
Czech
|
1989
1990
1992
(
failed
)
|
29 December 1989
|
20 July 1992
|
2 years, 204 days
|
OF
|
General secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948?1989)
[
edit
]
Except for the final office-holder, the leader of the KS? was
de facto
the most powerful person in the country during this period.
Title: Chairman (1948?1953) and first secretary (1953?1971).
| No.
|
Portrait
|
Name
(Birth?Death)
|
Ethnicity
|
Term of office
|
| Took office
|
Left office
|
Time in office
|
| 1
|
|
Klement Gottwald
(1896?1953)
|
Czech
|
February 1948
|
14 March 1953
|
5 years, 41 days
|
| 2
|
|
Antonin Novotny
(1904?1975)
|
Czech
|
14 March 1953
|
5 January 1968
|
14 years, 297 days
|
| 3
|
|
Alexander Dub?ek
(1921?1992)
|
Slovak
|
5 January 1968
|
17 April 1969
|
1 year, 102 days
|
| 4
|
|
Gustav Husak
(1913?1991)
|
Slovak
|
17 April 1969
|
17 December 1987
|
18 years, 244 days
|
| 5
|
|
Milo? Jake?
(1922?2020)
|
Czech
|
17 December 1987
|
24 November 1989
|
1 year, 342 days
|
| 6
|
|
Karel Urbanek
(born 1941)
|
Czech
|
24 November 1989
|
20 December 1989
|
26 days
|
Timeline
[
edit
]
Presidential standards
[
edit
]
-
1918?1939, 1945?1960
-
1960?1990
-
1990?1992
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
Heads of state and government of Europe
|
|---|
Heads
of state
| UN members
and observers
| |
|---|
| Partially recognised
2
| |
|---|
| Unrecognised states
3
| |
|---|
|
|---|
Heads of
government
| UN members
and observers
| |
|---|
| Partially recognised
2
| |
|---|
| Unrecognised states
3
| |
|---|
|
|---|
- 1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
- 2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
- 3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
|
