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Selected biographies list
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Portal:Liberalism/Selected biography/1
John Locke
(29 August 1632 ? 28 October 1704), widely known as the Father of
Liberalism
, was an
English
philosopher
and
physician
regarded as one of the most influential of
Enlightenment
thinkers. Considered the first of the
British
empiricists
, he is equally important to
social contract
theory. His work had a great impact upon the development of
epistemology
and
political philosophy
. His writings influenced
Voltaire
and
Rousseau
, many
Scottish Enlightenment
thinkers, as well as the
American revolutionaries
. His contributions to
classical republicanism
and
liberal theory
are reflected in the
American
Declaration of Independence
.
Portal:Liberalism/Selected biography/2
John Stuart Mill
(20 May 1806 ? 8 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of
liberalism
, he contributed widely to
social theory
,
political theory
and
political economy
. Dubbed "the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century", Mill's conception of
liberty
justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control. Mill was a proponent of
utilitarianism
, an ethical theory developed by his predecessor
Jeremy Bentham
, and contributed significantly to the theory of the
scientific method
. A member of the
Liberal Party
, he was also the first
Member of Parliament
to call for
women's suffrage
.
Portal:Liberalism/Selected biography/3
Thomas Hill Green
(7 April 1836 ? 15 March 1882) was an English philosopher, political
radical
and
temperance
reformer, and a member of the
British idealism
movement. Like all the British idealists, Green was influenced by the
metaphysical
historicism
of
G.W.F. Hegel
. He was one of the thinkers behind the philosophy of
social liberalism
.
Portal:Liberalism/Selected biography/4
John Dewey
(
; October 20, 1859 ? June 1, 1952) was an
American philosopher
,
psychologist
, and
educational reformer
whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey is one of the primary figures associated with the philosophy of
pragmatism
and is considered one of the fathers of
functional psychology
. A
Review of General Psychology
survey, published in 2002, ranked Dewey as the 93rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century. A well-known
public intellectual
, he was also a major voice of
progressive education
and
liberalism
. Although Dewey is known best for his publications about education, he also wrote about many other topics, including
epistemology
,
metaphysics
,
aesthetics
,
art
,
logic
,
social theory
, and
ethics
. He was a major educational reformer for the 20th century.
Known for his advocacy of democracy, Dewey considered two fundamental elements?schools and
civil society
?to be major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality. Dewey asserted that complete democracy was to be obtained not just by extending voting rights but also by ensuring that there exists a fully formed
public opinion
, accomplished by communication among citizens, experts, and politicians, with the latter being accountable for the policies they adopt.
Portal:Liberalism/Selected biography/5
Norberto Bobbio
(
Italian:
[nor?b?rto
?b?bbjo]
; 18 October 1909 ? 9 January 2004) was an
Italian
philosopher of law
and
political sciences
and a historian of political thought. He also wrote regularly for the
Turin
-based daily
La Stampa
.
Bobbio was a
liberal socialist
in the tradition of
Piero Gobetti
,
Carlo Rosselli
,
Guido Calogero
, and
Aldo Capitini
. He was also strongly influenced by
Hans Kelsen
and
Vilfredo Pareto
.
Portal:Liberalism/Selected biography/6
Sir Isaiah Berlin
(6 June 1909 ? 5 November 1997) was a Russian-British social and political theorist,
philosopher
and
historian of ideas
. In its obituary of the scholar, the
Independent
stated that "Isaiah Berlin was often described, especially in his old age, by means of superlatives: the world's greatest talker, the century's most inspired reader, one of the finest minds of our time [...] there is no doubt that he showed in more than one direction the unexpectedly large possibilities open to us at the top end of the range of human potential".
An annual Isaiah Berlin Lecture is held at the Hampstead Synagogue, at
Wolfson College, Oxford
, at the British Academy, and in Riga. Berlin's work on
liberal theory
and on
value pluralism
has had a lasting influence.
Portal:Liberalism/Selected biography/7
John Bordley Rawls
(February 21, 1921 ? November 24, 2002) was an American
moral
and
political
philosopher. He held the
James Bryant Conant
University Professorship
at
Harvard University
and the
Fulbright Fellowship
at the
University of Oxford
. Rawls received both the
Schock Prize
for Logic and Philosophy and the
National Humanities Medal
in 1999, the latter presented by President
Bill Clinton
, in recognition of how Rawls's work "helped a whole generation of learned Americans revive their faith in democracy itself."
His
magnum opus
,
A Theory of Justice
(1971), was said at the time of its publication to be "the most important work in moral philosophy since the end of
World War II
", and is now regarded as "one of the primary texts in political philosophy". His work in political philosophy, dubbed Rawlsianism, takes as its starting point the argument that "the most reasonable principles of justice are those everyone would accept and agree to from a fair position". Rawls attempts to determine the principles of
social justice
by employing a number of
thought experiments
such as the famous
original position
in which everyone is impartially situated as equals behind a
veil of ignorance
. He is one of the major thinkers in the tradition of liberal political philosophy. According to English philosopher
Jonathan Wolff
, John Rawls was the most important political philosopher of the 20th century.
Nominations
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