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Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/1
Maik' (apprentice geisha) and nape make-up
A photo of two
maiko
(apprentice
geisha
), with the typical
make-up
clearly visible, leaving portions of the
nape
uncovered. This is done to accentuate what is a traditionally
erotic
area. The white face make-up is supposed to resemble a
mask
, and a line of bare skin around the
hairline
helps create that illusion. Established geisha generally wear full white face makeup characteristic of maiko only during special performances.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/2
We Can Do It!
J. Howard Miller
's poster for
Westinghouse
, entitled "
We Can Do It!
", is often associated in modern times with
Rosie the Riveter
, a
cultural icon
of the
United States
. The poster was not widely seen during
World War II
, nor was it connected to Rosie the Riveter. It was displayed only in Westinghouse factories for two weeks in early 1943, shown to female and male workers to increase worker morale and reduce labor problems for management. After it was rediscovered in 1982, the poster soon became famous. It was credited with goals it never had during the war, such as the recruitment of women workers. Modern viewers see it as a symbol of feminist solidarity, an American icon of
feminism
.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/3
"Charlotte Corday" by Paul-Jacques-Aime Baudry (1860)
Charlotte Corday
was a poor
French
aristocrat
who supported the
Girondists
during the
French Revolution
. She single-handedly assassinated
Jean-Paul Marat
, a
Jacobin
journalist, with a knife in 1793. Although she was beheaded four days afterwards and the
Reign of Terror
continued for another year, she was later seen as a heroine who gave her life to rid her country of a monster. The assassination is depicted in this 1860 painting.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/4
Patchwork quilt
Mrs. Bill Stagg of
Pie Town, New Mexico
with her
embroidered
patchwork quilt
that displays all 48 (at the time)
United States
state flowers
and
birds
, October 1940.
Quilting
was a very popular early American pastime, particularly in the
Midwest
, where quilting circles were a common social pastime for women. Annual town fairs generally included a quilting
bee
, to award excellence in quilting. Handmade
quilts
were a very common wedding gift for young couples, and were often mentioned specifically in
wills
due to their sentimental significance.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/5
Spinning wheel
A
photochrom
of an elderly
Irish
woman using a
spinning wheel
, a device for
spinning
thread or
yarn
from natural or human-made
fibers
. Manual spinning wheels were likely invented in the 13th century, replacing the earlier
spindle
and
distaff
, and remained in use until automated
mass production
techniques were invented in the
Industrial Revolution
. Hand-spinning remains a popular
handicraft
.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/6
U.S. Navy recruitment poster for women
A 1917
recruitment
poster for women to join the
United States Navy
. In March 1917,
Secretary of the Navy
Josephus Daniels
realized that the Naval Reserve Act of 1916 used the word "
yeoman
" instead of "man" or "male", and allowed for the induction of "all persons who may be capable of performing special useful service for coastal defense." He began enlisting females as
Yeoman (F)
, and in less than a month the Navy officially swore in
Loretta Perfectus Walsh
, the first female sailor in U.S. history. At the time they were popularly referred to as "yeomanettes" or even "yeowomen".
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/7
Calisthenics at Manzanar
Female internees practicing
calisthenics
at
Manzanar War Relocation Center
,
California
. In 1943,
Ansel Adams
was invited to photograph the everyday life of the
Japanese American internees
in the camp. Adams' intent was to "show how these people, suffering under a great injustice, (…) had overcome the sense of defeat and despair by building for themselves a vital community in an arid (but magnificent) environment."
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/8
World War II aircraft worker
Credit: David Bransby,
OWI
|
A 1942 aircraft worker at the
Vega Aircraft Corporation
in
Burbank, California
. Women on the
United States home front
during
World War II
took on many manufacturing jobs in
factories
, producing
munitions
and
materiel
for the battlefront. This photo was one of a series intended to chronicle many aspects of war mobilization, including factories, railroads, aviation training and women employees.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/9
Rosie the Riveter
Credit: Howard R. Hollem,
OWI
|
Rosie the Riveter
was a name applied to thousands of women who replaced men in the factories on the
United States home front during World War II
. Here, a metal
lathe
operator machines parts for transport planes at the
Consolidated Aircraft
Corporation plant,
Fort Worth, Texas
.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/10
Lillian Gish
A portrait of
Lillian Gish
from 1921. Gish was one of the first female
movie stars
, called "The First Lady of the Silent Screen", starting in 1912 and continuing to appear in films until 1987. The
American Film Institute
named Gish 17th among the
greatest female stars of all time
and awarded her a
Life Achievement Award
, making her the only recipient who was a major figure in the silent era. Remarkably, she never won an
Academy Award
for her work, although she did receive a
Special Academy Award
in 1971.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/11
Golda Meir
A portrait of
Golda Meir
from 1973, during her tenure as
Prime Minister of Israel
. She was the first (and, to date, only) female Prime Minister of Israel, and was the third female Prime Minister in the world, as well as one of the founders of the
State of Israel
. Born as Golda Mabovitz, she chose her
Hebrew
name "Meir" upon her appointment as Foreign Minister in 1956. As Prime Minister, Meir oversaw a tumultuous period in Israeli history, with the
War of Attrition
,
Operation Wrath of God
, and the
Yom Kippur War
, all happening during that time.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/12
Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II
is the
Queen regnant
of sixteen independent states and their overseas territories and dependencies. Though she holds each crown and title separately and equally, she is resident in and most directly involved with the
United Kingdom
. She is currently the
second longest
serving
head of state
in the world.
The 16 countries of which she is Queen are known as
Commonwealth realms
, and their combined population is over 129 million. In practice she herself wields almost no political power in any of her realms.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/13
Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck
was the
queen consort
of
King George V
as well as the
Empress of India
. Before her accession, she was successively
Duchess of York
,
Duchess of Cornwall
and
Princess of Wales
. By birth, she was a
princess
of
Teck
, in the Kingdom of
Wurttemberg
, with the style
Her Serene Highness
. To her family, she was informally known as
May
, after her birth month. Queen Mary was known for setting the tone of the
British Royal Family
, as a model of regal formality and propriety, especially during state occasions. She was the first Queen Consort to attend the coronation of her successors. Noted for superbly bejewelling herself for formal events, Queen Mary left a collection of jewels now considered priceless.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/14
Queen Wilhelmina and Princess Juliana
Queen
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
with her daughter and successor
Princess Juliana
, circa 1914. Wilhelmina was
queen regnant
from 1890 to 1948, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Outside the Netherlands she is primarily remembered for her role in the Second World War, in which she proved to be a great inspiration to the
Dutch resistance
, as well as a prominent leader of the
Dutch government in exile
. Juliana became queen regnant in 1948 after her mother's
abdication
and ruled until her own abdication in 1980, succeeded by her daughter,
Beatrix
.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/15
Apa Tani
Apa Tani
tribal women, with traditional
tattoos
and
bamboo
nose ornaments in Hija village,
Ziro
,
Arunachal Pradesh
,
India
. Originally, this practice started because the women wanted to look unattractive to males from other tribes. Apa Tani women were considered to be the most beautiful among all the Arunachal tribes.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/16
Khond woman
An
Adivasi
(
indigenous
) woman from the Kutia
Khond
tribal group in the
Indian
state of
Orissa
. Khonds were known for their
human sacrifices
, which were intended to further the fertilization of the earth.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/17
Zuni girl with jar
A head-and-shoulders
portrait
of a
Zuni
girl with a
pottery
jar on her head, circa 1903. The Zuni are a
Native American
tribe, one of the
Pueblo peoples
, who live beside the
Zuni River
, in western
New Mexico
,
United States
. The
Zuni language
is unique and unrelated to the languages of the other Pueblo peoples. The Zuni continue to practice their traditional
shamanistic religion
with its regular
ceremonies
and
dances
and an independent
mythology
.
Archaeological
evidence shows they have lived in their present location for about 1,300 years.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/18
"Migrant Mother" by Dorothea Lange
Migrant Mother
,
Dorothea Lange
's 1936 photograph of
Florence Owens Thompson
and her daughters in
Nipomo, California
, became the most famous image of the
Great Depression
in the
United States
. It is one of the classic photographs of the 20th century, and is now an icon of resilience in the face of adversity. In the 1930s, the
FSA
employed several photographers to document the effects of the Great Depression on the population of America. Many of the photographs can also be seen as
propaganda
images to support the U.S. government's policy distributing support to the worst affected, poorer areas of the country.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/19
Joan of Arc
The "Maid of Orleans",
Joan of Arc
is a national
heroine
of France and a
saint
of the
Roman Catholic Church
. She helped inspire
Charles VII
's troops to retake most of his dynasty's former territories, which had been under English and
Burgundian
dominance during the
Hundred Years' War
. She later was convicted of
heresy
(overturned posthumously) and
burnt at the stake
at the age of nineteen.
Pope Benedict XV
canonized
her on 16 May 1920 and she is now one of the most popular saints of the Catholic Church.
Shown here is a
statue
of Joan of Arc inside
Notre-Dame de Paris
, a
Gothic
cathedral
in Paris, where she was
beatified
in 1909.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/20
Annie Oakley
Credit: Edison Manufacturing Co.
|
Annie Oakley
, a 19th century
sharpshooter
and
exhibition shooter
who performed as part of
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
, demonstrates her rifle target skills in this 1894 film. Using a
.22 caliber rifle
at 90 feet (27 m), Oakley reputedly could split a
playing card
edge-on and put five or six more holes in it before it touched the ground.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/21
Vietnam Veterans Memorial design
Maya Lin
's original competition submission for the
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
in
Washington, D.C.
. Originally designed as a student project at
Yale University
's School of Architecture in 1981, the memorial is a black
granite
wall, in the shape of a V, on which the names of American servicemen killed or missing in action from the
Vietnam War
are inscribed. The architect hoped that "these names, seemingly infinite in number, [would] convey the sense of overwhelming numbers, while unifying these individuals into a whole."
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/22
Japanese weaver
A
Japanese
weaver using a
beater
that is mounted from a notched pole and suspended overhead. Woodcut print by
Yanagawa Shigenobu
, 1825-1832.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/23
World War I recruitment poster
World War I
recruitment poster for the newly formed
Australian Red Cross
asking nurses to participate in the war effort. Artwork by
David Henry Souter
.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/24
Sophie Blanchard
Sophie Blanchard
(1778-1818) was the first woman to work as a professional balloonist.
Napoleon Bonaparte
named her "Aeronaut of the Official Festivals" ("Aeronaute des Fetes Officielles") with responsibility for organising ballooning displays at major events, and may have also made her his Chief Air Minister of Ballooning, in which role she is reported to have drawn up plans for an aerial invasion of England. On the restoration of the monarchy in 1814 she performed for
Louis XVIII
, who named her "Official Aeronaut of the Restoration". She died in a ballooning accident four years later.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/25
Helene Dutrieu
Helene Dutrieu
in her airplane in 1911. Dutrieu was the fourth woman in the world to earn a pilot's license and possibly the first to carry passengers. She was the first woman to earn the
French Legion of Honor
for aviation. She was also world cycling champion, a stunt motorcyclist, an automobile racer, a wartime ambulance driver, and director of a military hospital.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/26
Mary Pickford
Mary Pickford
(1892-1979) was an
Academy Award
-winning
Canadian
motion picture
star
. She was a co-founder of the
film studio
United Artists
and one of the original 36 founders of the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
. In consideration of her contributions to
American cinema
, the
American Film Institute
named Pickford 24th among the
greatest female stars of all time
.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/27
Vernon and Irene Castle
Irene Castle
(1893-1969) was a
ballroom dance
pioneer, a silent film star, and a dress reformer. With her husband and partner Vernon Castle she popularized the
fox trot
and introduced several other
ragtime
dances. She initiated the trend for
bobbed
hair and shorter skirts. After her husband's death in 1918 she remained active as an
actor
and animal rights activist.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/28
Rosie the Riveter
An actual
"
Rosie the Riveter
"
operating a hand drill in
1943
at Vultee-Nashville, Tennessee, working on an
A-31 Vengeance
bomber. Rosie the Riveter has been an important cultural icon in the
United States
since
World War II
, when many women assisted the war effort by entering the workforce to perform jobs left behind by men enlisted in the armed forces. It was during World War II that women contributed significantly to
factory
and
construction
jobs?typically associated with men?across the United States.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/29
Queen Elizabeth I of England
A portrait of
Queen Elizabeth I of England
in her early 30s by
Steven van der Meulen
.
Parliament
and the public expected her to marry to continue the royal lineage. The large two meter tall painting was intended to emphasize her availability and made full use of the symbolism popular in
Tudor England
. The tapestry in the background features a royal crest to the left with an empty throne beneath it, representing the hope for future king (and therefore the queen's marriage). To the right of the tapestry is a scheme of ripe fruit and sweet flowers, echoing the queen's "ripeness" for matrimony. This theme is further reinforced by Queen Elizabeth holding a carnation, which was considered a symbol of marriage. Though she had many suitors, Queen Elizabeth would never marry, later being venerated as the "Virgin Queen".
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/30
Bedouin woman in traditional attire
A
Bedouin
woman in traditional attire, c. 1898-1914. Bedouin in the
Sinai
wore apparel modified for the desert environment, usually
cotton
,
poplin
, or
sateen
. Black was the preferred fabric color. Sinai and
Negev
Bedouin women used the same brightly colored
embroidery
cross-stitch
used throughout
Palestinian
villages. Embroidery indicated a woman's marital status: blue for unmarried women and red for married women.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/31
Belgian women sell milk from a dogcart
Two
Belgian
women sell milk from a
dogcart
, c. 1890-1900.
Peddlers
played a significant historic role in supplying isolated populations diverse goods. Some carried their wares and others, as here, used a domesticated animal for transport. Early
photochrom
print.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/32
Palestinian costume
Credit: American Colony (Jerusalem) Photo Depart.
|
A young woman from
Ramallah
, c. 1898-1914. Until the 1940s, women of
Palestine
wore elaborate handcrafted
garments
. The creation and maintenance of these items played a significant role in their lives. A knowledgeable observer could determine a woman's village of origin and social status from her clothing. The circular band near this woman's forehead is a ring of coins made from a portion of her
dowry
money, and indicates that she is unmarried.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/33
Helen Keller
Helen Keller
(1880?1968) was a
deafblind
American author, political activist, and lecturer. The story of how Keller's teacher,
Anne Sullivan
, broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate, has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play and film
The Miracle Worker
. A prolific author, Keller was well-traveled, and was outspoken in her
opposition to war
. A member of the
Socialist Party of America
and the
Industrial Workers of the World
, she campaigned for
women's suffrage
,
workers' rights
, and
socialism
, as well as many other
leftist
causes.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/34
Voltairine de Cleyre
Voltairine de Cleyre
(1866?1912) was an American anarchist writer and feminist, prolific in her opposition to the state, marriage, and the domination of religion in sexuality and women's lives. She began her activist career in the
freethought movement
, initially drawn to
individualist anarchism
but evolved through
mutualism
to an "
anarchism without adjectives
."
Emma Goldman
described her as "the most gifted and brilliant anarchist woman America ever produced".
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/35
Kayan girl, northern Thailand
Credit: Unknown; restoration:
Diliff
|
The
Kayan
or
Padaung
are a group of the
Karen people
found in
Myanmar
and
Thailand
. They are known for a particular
body modification
, which consists of coiling lengths of brass around the neck of the women. The coils are first applied when the girls are about five years old, and the coil is replaced with longer coils as the weight of the brass pushes down the
collar bone
and compresses the
rib cage
, resulting in the appearance of a very long neck. The practice has seen a surge in recent years because the custom draws tourists who buy their handicrafts.
Portal:Feminism/Selected picture/36
Anna Bili?ska
Anna Bili?ska
(1854?1893) was a Polish
Realist
painter. Born in
Zlatopil
, she moved to Paris to study at the
Academie Julian
. Bili?ska is one of the first Polish female artists to receive professional artistic education and critical acclaim. Her paintings include
A Negress
and
At the Seashore
. This self-portrait of Bili?ska, wearing an apron and holding a bundle of brushes, was painted in oil on canvas in 1887 and is now in the collection of the
National Museum
in
Krakow
.
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