Government permission required for construction or expansion
Planning permission
or
building permit
refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion (including significant
renovation
), and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions.
[1]
[2]
House building permits, for example, are subject to
building codes
. There is also a "plan check" (PLCK) to check compliance with plans for the area, if any.
[3]
For example, one cannot obtain permission to build a nightclub in an area where it is inappropriate such as a high-density suburb.
[4]
[5]
The criteria for planning permission are a part of
urban planning
and
construction law
, and are usually managed by
town planners
employed by
local governments
.
[6]
[7]
Failure to obtain a permit can result in
fines
,
penalties
, and
demolition
of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code. Generally, the new construction must be
inspected
during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and local
building codes
. Since building permits usually precede outlays for construction, employment, financing and furnishings, they are often used as a
leading indicator
for developments in other areas of the economy.
The number of building permits issued per year varies by country.
[8]
By-right approval processes can be faster than discretionary approval processes.
[9]
In specific industries
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Broadcasting
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As part of
broadcast law
, the term is also used in
broadcasting
, where individual
radio
and
television stations
typically must apply for and receive permission to construct
radio towers
and
radio antennas
. This type of permit is issued by a national broadcasting authority, but does
not
imply
zoning
any other permission that must be given by
local government
. The permit itself also does not necessarily imply permission to operate the station once constructed. In the U.S., a construction permit is valid for three years. Afterwards, the station must receive a full license to operate, which is good for seven years.
[10]
This is provided by a separate
broadcast license
, also called a "license to cover" by the
Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) in the United States. Further permission or registration for
towers
may be needed from
aviation
authorities.
In the U.S., construction permits for new commercial stations are now assigned by auction, rather than the former process of determining who would serve the
community of license
best. If the given
frequency allocation
is sought by at least one
non-commercial educational
(NCE) applicant, or is on an NCE-reserved TV channel or in the
FM
reserved band, the comparative process still takes place, though the FCC refuses to consider which
radio format
the applicants propose.
In Canada, the
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
maintains a comparative process in issuing permits, ensuring that a variety of programming is available in each area, and that as many groups as possible have access to
free speech
over
radio waves
.
References
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