1996 studio album by Weezer
Pinkerton
|
---|
|
|
Released
| September 24, 1996
(
1996-09-24
)
|
---|
Recorded
| September 1995 ? June 1996
|
---|
Studio
| |
---|
Genre
|
|
---|
Length
| 34
:
36
|
---|
Label
| DGC
|
---|
Producer
| Weezer
|
---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pinkerton
is the second
studio album
by the American rock band
Weezer
, released on September 24, 1996, by
DGC Records
. The guitarist and vocalist
Rivers Cuomo
wrote most of
Pinkerton
while studying at
Harvard University
, after abandoning plans for a
rock opera
,
Songs from the Black Hole
.
It was the last Weezer album to feature bassist
Matt Sharp
, who left the group in 1998.
To better capture their live sound, Weezer self-produced
Pinkerton
, creating a darker, more abrasive album than their
self-titled 1994 debut
. Cuomo's lyrics express loneliness and disillusionment with the rock lifestyle; the album is named after the character BF Pinkerton from
Giacomo Puccini
's 1904 opera
Madama Butterfly
, whom Cuomo described as an "asshole American sailor similar to a touring rock star". Like the opera, the album contains references to
Japanese culture
.
Pinkerton
produced the singles "
El Scorcho
", and "
The Good Life
", as well as the promotional single "
Pink Triangle
", and debuted at number nineteen on the US
Billboard
200
. It failed to meet sales expectations, and received mixed reviews;
Rolling Stone
readers voted it the third-worst album of 1996. Embarrassed, Cuomo returned to more traditional pop songwriting and less personal lyrics for Weezer's subsequent albums. In the years following its release,
Pinkerton
was reassessed and achieved acclaim; several publications have named it one of the best albums of the 1990s, and it was
certified platinum
in 2016. It was credited as an influence by several
emo
bands.
Background
[
edit
]
In 1994, after the
multi-platinum
success of Weezer's
self-titled debut album
, Weezer took a break from touring for Christmas.
In his home state of Connecticut, songwriter
Rivers Cuomo
began preparing material for Weezer's next album using an
8-track
recorder.
[2]
His original concept was a
rock opera
,
Songs from the Black Hole
,
that would expressed his mixed feelings about success.
[2]
Weezer developed
Songs from the Black Hole
through intermittent recording sessions throughout 1995.
In April 14, 1995, Cuomo, who was born with one leg shorter than the other, had
extensive leg surgery to lengthen his right leg
, followed by weeks of painful
physical therapy
. This affected his songwriting, as he would spend long periods hospitalized, unable to walk without the use of a cane, and under the influence of painkillers.
In the same period, Cuomo applied to study classical composition at
Harvard University
with an application letter describing his disillusionment with the rock lifestyle: "You will meet two hundred people every night, but each conversation will generally last approximately thirty seconds … Then you will be alone again, in your motel room. Or you will be on your bus, in your little space, trying to kill the nine hours it takes to get to the next city, whichever city it is."
Cuomo felt limited by rock music. Every night, after performing with Weezer, he listened to
Giacomo Puccini
's 1904 opera
Madama Butterfly
;
the "depth of emotion and sadness and tragedy" inspired him to go further with his music.
[6]
By May 1996, Cuomo's songwriting had become "darker, more visceral and exposed, less playful", and the
Songs from the Black Hole
concept was abandoned.
[7]
Weezer's second album would instead feature songs written while Cuomo was at Harvard, chronicling his loneliness and frustration, or what Cuomo referred to as his "dark side".
[2]
Recording
[
edit
]
In 1995, shortly before Cuomo left to study at Harvard, Weezer spent two weeks at New York City's
Electric Lady Studios
, where they had recorded their debut, and tracked the songs "Why Bother?", "Getchoo", "No Other One" and "Tired of Sex".
Weezer hoped to explore "deeper, darker, more experimental stuff"
and better capture their live sound.
They decided against hiring a
producer
, feeling that "the best way for us to sound like ourselves is to record on our own".
To give the album a live, "raw" feel, Cuomo, guitarist
Brian Bell
and bassist
Matt Sharp
recorded their vocals in tandem around three microphones rather than
overdubbing
them separately.
While Cuomo was at Harvard, other Weezer members worked on side projects.
Sharp promoted
Return of the Rentals
, the debut album by his band the
Rentals
,
and Bell and drummer
Patrick Wilson
worked on material for their bands the
Space Twins
and the
Special Goodness
.
In January 1996, during Cuomo's winter break, Weezer regrouped for a two-week session at
Sound City Studios
in Van Nuys, California, to complete the songs they had worked on in August.
After recording "
El Scorcho
" and "
Pink Triangle
", they separated again while Cuomo returned to Harvard.
During Cuomo's 1996 spring break, Weezer regrouped at Sound City Studios and recorded "
The Good Life
", "Across the Sea" and "Falling for You" before Cuomo returned to Harvard for his finals.
They completed
Pinkerton
in mid-1996 in Los Angeles. Two additional tracks, "I Swear It's True" and "Getting Up and Leaving", were abandoned prior to
mixing
.
Music and lyrics
[
edit
]
Pinkerton
features a darker, more abrasive sound than Weezer's debut.
[18]
[19]
Writing from a more direct and personal perspective,
Cuomo wrote of his dysfunctional relationships,
sexual frustration
, and struggles with
identity
.
The album charts his "cycle between 'lame-o and partier'".
[25]
At just under 35 minutes,
Pinkerton
is, according to Cuomo, "short by design".
Genre-wise, critics have described the album as
alternative rock
,
[26]
[27]
emo
,
[28]
[29]
power pop
,
[30]
pop-punk
,
[18]
[31]
indie rock
,
[32]
and
lo-fi
.
[33]
The first song, "Tired of Sex", written before the release of the
Blue Album
,
has Cuomo describing meaningless sex encounters with
groupies
, reciting his list of encounters and wondering why true love eludes him.
"Across the Sea" was inspired by a letter Cuomo received from a Japanese fan: "When I got the letter, I fell in love with her. It was such a great letter. I was very lonely at the time, but at the same time I was very depressed that I would never meet her."
"
The Good Life
" chronicles the rebirth of Cuomo after an identity crisis as an
Ivy League
loner. Cuomo, who felt isolated at Harvard, wrote the song after "becoming frustrated with that hermit's life I was leading, the ascetic life. And I think I was starting to become frustrated with my whole dream about purifying myself and trying to live like a monk or an intellectual and going to school and holding out for this perfect, ideal woman. And so I wrote the song. And I started to turn around and come back the other way."
"
El Scorcho
" addresses Cuomo's shyness and inability to approach a girl while at Harvard; he explained that the song "is more about me, because at that point I hadn't even talked to the girl, I didn't really know much about her."
"
Pink Triangle
" describes a man who falls in love, but discovers the object of his devotion is a lesbian.
Pinkerton
is named after the character BF Pinkerton from
Madama Butterfly
, who marries and then abandons a Japanese woman named Butterfly.
[35]
Calling him an "asshole American sailor similar to a touring rock star", Cuomo felt the character was "the perfect symbol for the part of myself that I am trying to come to terms with on this album".
Other titles considered included
Playboy
and
Diving into the Wreck
(after a
poem
by
Adrienne Rich
).
Like
Madama Butterfly
,
Pinkerton
views Japanese culture from the perspective of an outsider who considers Japan fragile and sensual;
[37]
the Japanese allusions are infused with the narrator's romantic disappointments and sexual frustration.
[19]
Cuomo wrote that
Pinkerton
"is really the clash of East vs West. My hindu, zen, kyokushin, self-denial, self-abnegation, no-emotion, cool-faced side versus my Italian-American heavy metal side".
The songs are mostly sequenced in the order in which he wrote them, and so "the album kind of tells the story of my struggle with my inner Pinkerton".
[39]
Artwork
[
edit
]
The cover artwork is derived
Kambara yoru no yuki
("Night snow at Kambara") from the Japanese
ukiyo-e
artist
Hiroshige
's 1830s series
53 Stations of the T?kaid?
.
[40]
Lyrics from
Madama Butterfly
are printed on the
Pinkerton
CD in their original Italian: "Everywhere in the world, the roving Yankee takes his pleasure and his profit, indifferent to all risks. He drops anchor at random..."
[41]
Behind the CD tray is a map with the title
Isola della farfalla e penisola di cane
(Italian for "Island of the Butterfly and Peninsula of Dog").
[41]
On the map are a ship named
USS Pinkerton
and "Mykel and Carli Island", alluding to Weezer's fan club founders, and the names of some of Cuomo's influences, including
Howard Stern
,
Yngwie Malmsteen
,
Brian Wilson
,
Lou Barlow
,
Joe Matt
,
Camille Paglia
and
Ace Frehley
.
[41]
[42]
Release and promotion
[
edit
]
Todd Sullivan, an
A&R
representative from Weezer's record label,
Geffen
, described
Pinkerton
as a "very brave record", but worried: "What sort of light does this put the band in? It could have been interpreted as them being a disposable pop band."
Geffen was pleased with the record and felt that fans would not be disappointed.
Weezer turned down a video treatment for the lead single, "
El Scorcho
", proposed by
Spike Jonze
, who had helped raise Weezer's status with his videos for "
Undone ? The Sweater Song
" and "
Buddy Holly
". Cuomo said: "I really want the songs to come across untainted this time around… I really want to communicate my feelings directly and because I was so careful in writing that way. I'd hate for the video to kinda misrepresent the song, or exaggerate certain aspects."
The "El Scorcho" video featured the band playing in an assembly hall in Los Angeles, surrounded by light fixtures flashing in time to the music.
The director,
Mark Romanek
, quit after arguments with Cuomo, leaving Cuomo to edit the video himself.
The video debuted on
MTV
's
120 Minutes
and received moderate airplay.
Pinkerton
debuted at number 19 on the US
Billboard
charts, its highest position. It sold 47,000 copies its first week,
[45]
[46]
falling far short of Weezer's previous album sales.
[47]
As
Pinkerton
was not meeting sales expectations, Weezer felt pressure to make another music video more to the liking of MTV.
The music video for "
The Good Life
", directed by
Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris
, stars
Mary Lynn Rajskub
as a pizza delivery girl and uses simultaneous camera angles appearing on screen as a fractured full image.
Geffen rush-released the video to try to save the album, but was not successful.
Tour
[
edit
]
In October 1996, Weezer toured Australia, New Zealand and Japan.
Afterwards, they flew home to Los Angeles, where Wilson and Sharp made a promotional appearance on the nationally syndicated radio show
Modern Rock Live
.
On November 1, Weezer began a tour of North America at the Ventura Theatre in
Ventura, California
.
On November 6, they performed an acoustic set at
Shorecrest High School
in Seattle due to a contest won by a student.
Weezer continued to tour until mid-1997.
The tour was postponed when the sisters Mykel, Carli and Trysta Allan died in a car accident while driving home from a Weezer show in Denver, Colorado.
[52]
Mykel and Carli ran Weezer's fan club and helped manage publicity for several other Los Angeles bands, and had inspired the "Sweater Song" B-side "Mykel and Carli". Weezer canceled a show to attend their funeral.
[53]
In August, Weezer and other bands held a benefit concert for their family in Los Angeles.
[54]
Pinkerton's Inc. lawsuit
[
edit
]
A day before
Pinkerton
was to be released on September 24, 1996, a
restraining order
was obtained by Californian security firm
Pinkerton's Inc
. Pinkerton sued Weezer and Geffen for
federal
trademark infringement
, claiming they were trying to capitalize on their reputation.
Under the terms of the restraining order, which had Pinkerton's Inc seeking two million dollars in damages, Weezer would be kept from "selling, distributing, or advertising" an album under the name
Pinkerton
.
[56]
The Geffen spokesman Dennis Dennehy defended the title, arguing that it was a reference to
Madama Butterfly
and not aimed at "any sort of corporate entity".
Cuomo wrote a six-page paper explaining why he chose the title and why he felt it was essential.
The case was thrown out of court after the judge determined that "the hardship of not issuing the
Pinkerton
disc would be greater for Geffen than any hardship Pinkerton's Inc or its shareholders might incur from consumers who mistakenly presume the company has anything to do with the album".
Critical reception
[
edit
]
Initial reviews were mixed.
[67]
Jeff Gordinier of
Entertainment Weekly
deemed
Pinkerton
"a collection of get-down party anthems for
agoraphobics
" and criticized Weezer's choice to self-produce, which he felt resulted in a "sloppy and raw" aesthetic inferior to the pop sound of their debut.
[59]
In
Rolling Stone
, Rob O'Connor called Cuomo's songwriting "juvenile" and singled out "Tired of Sex" as "aimless". However, he praised "Butterfly" as "a real treat, a gentle acoustic number that recalls the vintage, heartbreaking beauty of
Big Star
… suggesting that underneath the geeky teenager pose is an artist well on his way to maturity."
[65]
Rolling Stone
readers voted the album the third worst of 1996.
Some listeners were perturbed by the sexual nature of the lyrics;
[70]
Melody Maker
praised
Pinkerton
'
s music, but advised listeners "to ignore the lyrics entirely".
[71]
Steve Appleford of the
Los Angeles Times
wrote that
Pinkerton
'
s songs often "are sloppy and awkward, but express a seemingly genuine, desperate search for sex and love".
[61]
Mark Beaumont
of
NME
praised the album, writing that "by the time the affecting acoustic lament 'Butterfly' wafts in like Big Star at a wildlife protection meeting,
Pinkerton
starts feeling like a truly moving album".
[62]
Ryan Schreiber of
Pitchfork
wrote that "
Pinkerton
might actually be a bit much for fans who were wooed with the clean production and immediately accessible sound of these guys' debut, but if given a chance, it might surprise even some anti-Weezer folk."
[63]
Guardian
critic Kathy Sweeney found
Pinkerton
"noisier and messier than their last album, and all the better for it".
[60]
In a positive review,
Q
wrote: "On every tale of romance, delivered in perfect verse/chorus formula, you can see
Jennifer Aniston
giving it some attitude in the kitchen."
[64]
Legacy
[
edit
]
Cuomo was embarrassed by
Pinkerton's
reception and the personal nature of its songs. In August 1997, he wrote: "This has been a tough year. It's not just that the world has said
Pinkerton
isn't worth a shit, but that the
Blue
album wasn't either. It was a fluke. It was the ["Buddy Holly"] video. I'm a shitty songwriter."
After the
Pinkerton
tour, Sharp left the band and Weezer went on a hiatus.
[70]
During this time,
Pinkerton
amassed a
cult following
through internet
word of mouth
,
[83]
and a wave of mainstream
emo
bands including
Jimmy Eat World
,
Saves the Day
,
Dashboard Confessional
and
Motion City Soundtrack
were citing it as an influence.
[70]
Cuomo told
Rolling Stone
in 2001: "The most painful thing in my life these days is the cult around
Pinkerton.
It's just a sick album, sick in a diseased sort of way."
[70]
That year, he mentioned to
David Geffen
, the head of Geffen Records, that
Pinkerton
had "turned into a real phenomenon". Geffen responded that "'cult phenomenon' is a euphemism for failure".
[85]
In the same year, Cuomo told
Entertainment Weekly
:
It's a hideous record... It was such a hugely painful mistake that happened in front of hundreds of thousands of people and continues to happen on a grander and grander scale and just won't go away. It's like getting really drunk at a party and spilling your guts in front of everyone and feeling incredibly great and cathartic about it, and then waking up the next morning and realizing what a complete fool you made of yourself.
[86]
For Weezer's subsequent albums, Cuomo moved to simpler songwriting with less personal lyrics.
[87]
Rolling Stone
described Weezer's 2001 comeback album, the
Green Album
,
as the "anti-
Pinkerton
", with album art and "squeaky-clean" production that recalled Weezer's debut.
[70]
Pinkerton
'
s critical standing continued to rise,
[83]
and it came to be considered among Weezer's best work by fans and critics.
[18]
[88]
In 2002,
Rolling Stone
readers voted it the 16th-greatest album of all time.
[89]
In 2003,
Pitchfork
gave
Pinkerton
a perfect score and named it the 53rd-greatest album of the 1990s.
[90]
In 2004,
Rolling Stone
gave it a new review, awarding it five out of five and adding it to the "
Rolling Stone
Hall of Fame".
[80]
Over the following years, it appeared in best-of lists by publications including
Spin
[91]
and
Drowned in Sound
.
[92]
By August 2009, it had sold 852,000 copies in the US
[93]
and was
certified gold
.
[94]
In 2016, almost 20 years after its release,
Pinkerton
was certified platinum for sales of over one million copies in the US.
[95]
By 2008, Cuomo had reconsidered the album, saying: "
Pinkerton
'
s great. It's super-deep, brave, and authentic. Listening to it, I can tell that I was really going for it when I wrote and recorded a lot of those songs."
[96]
In 2010, Bell told
The Aquarian Weekly
: "
Pinkerton
has definitely taken on a life of its own and became more successful and more accepted … As an artist, you just have to do what you believe in at the time, whether it’s accepted or not. You just have to keep going with it."
[97]
In 2010, Weezer embarked on the Memories Tour, playing
Blue
and
Pinkerton
in their entirety.
[98]
Cuomo said of the tour: "The last time we played all of those [
Pinkerton
] songs, they went over like a lead balloon. And I just remember that feeling of just total rejection. And then to see 5,500 people singing along to every last word through every song on the album, even the really difficult ones, was incredibly validating for me."
[98]
Accolades
[
edit
]
Pinkerton
has been named one of the greatest albums of the 1990s by numerous publications.
Reissues and other releases
[
edit
]
On November 2, 2010, DGC released a "deluxe"
Pinkerton
reissue with an additional disc containing live performances, B-sides, and previously unreleased songs.
[103]
The reissue debuted at number six on the
Billboard
Catalog Albums
chart
[104]
and achieved a perfect score on the aggregate review website
Metacritic
.
[105]
Cuomo's 2011 compilation album
Alone III: The Pinkerton
Years
comprises demos recorded between 1993 and 1996, when Cuomo was studying at Harvard and writing material for
Pinkerton
and the abandoned
Songs from the Black Hole
project. The album was included with a book,
The Pinkerton Diaries
, which collects Cuomo's writings from the era.
[106]
In May 2016,
Pinkerton
was reissued on
vinyl
by the record subscription service
Vinyl Me, Please
. The album is pressed on "dark blue translucent vinyl with black marbling" and is packaged in a custom sleeve with pop-out art, a custom lyric sheet, artwork by Japanese painter Fuco Ueda, and a sake cocktail recipe.
[107]
Track listing
[
edit
]
All tracks are written by
Rivers Cuomo
Title
|
---|
1.
| "Tired of Sex"
| 3:01
|
---|
2.
| "Getchoo"
| 2:52
|
---|
3.
| "No Other One"
| 3:01
|
---|
4.
| "Why Bother?"
| 2:08
|
---|
5.
| "Across the Sea"
| 4:32
|
---|
6.
| "
The Good Life
"
| 4:17
|
---|
7.
| "
El Scorcho
"
| 4:03
|
---|
8.
| "
Pink Triangle
"
| 3:58
|
---|
9.
| "Falling for You"
| 3:47
|
---|
10.
| "Butterfly"
| 2:53
|
---|
Total length:
| 34:36
|
---|
Personnel
[
edit
]
Adapted from the liner notes.
[41]
[108]
Weezer
- Rivers Cuomo
? lead vocals, guitar, keyboards, glockenspiel, clarinet, production
- Patrick Wilson
? drums, production
- Brian Bell
? guitar, backing vocals, production
- Matt Sharp
? bass, backing vocals, production
Additional musicians
Technical personnel
Charts
[
edit
]
Weekly charts
[
edit
]
Year-end charts
[
edit
]
Certifications
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
"Weezer Record History Page 7"
.
weezer.com
. March 2006. Archived from
the original
on May 15, 2007
. Retrieved
June 4,
2013
.
- ^
Cohen, Ian (February 9, 2015).
"Rivers Cuomo"
.
Pitchfork
.
Archived
from the original on February 15, 2015
. Retrieved
February 15,
2015
.
- ^
Pinkerton Deluxe
liner notes
- ^
a
b
c
d
Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
.
"
Pinkerton
? Weezer"
.
AllMusic
.
Archived
from the original on May 23, 2013
. Retrieved
June 4,
2013
.
- ^
a
b
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Pinkerton
"
.
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the original
on October 18, 2007
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2013
.
- ^
Edwars, Gavin.
Rivers' Edge
. Details Magazine, 1997, Volume 15, number nine.
- ^
Highfill, Samantha (November 2, 2010).
"Weezer's 'Pinkerton' reissue: Read the 2001 EW story where Rivers Cuomo called the now-classic album a 'hugely painful mistake'
"
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2014
.
- ^
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.
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2021
.
- ^
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"
Pinkerton
: Deluxe Edition Review"
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Archived
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- ^
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.
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- ^
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.
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.
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- ^
Latimer, Lori.
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Pinkerton
"
.
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on September 24, 2015
. Retrieved
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2013
.
- ^
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Madame Butterfly
"
.
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. Archived from
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on October 30, 2012
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
":::The =W= Story:::"
.
home.pacbell.net
. Archived from
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on October 22, 2007
. Retrieved
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2013
.
- ^
"Hiroshige / Evening Snow at Kambara (
Kambara yoru no yuki
), no. 16 from the Series
Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaido
(
Tokaido gosantsugi no uchi
) / 1832 ? 1833"
.
daviddrumsey.com
.
Archived
from the original on February 7, 2012
. Retrieved
June 4,
2013
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Pinkerton
(Media notes).
Weezer
.
DGC Records
. 1996.
{{
cite AV media notes
}}
: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (
link
)
- ^
"Howard Stern.com"
. Archived from
the original
on October 24, 2007
. Retrieved
June 4,
2013
.
- ^
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.
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. Archived from
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on October 23, 2007
. Retrieved
September 19,
2007
.
- ^
Partridge, Kenneth.
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.
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.
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. Retrieved
September 26,
2016
.
- ^
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.
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. Retrieved
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.
- ^
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.
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. Retrieved
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2021
.
- ^
Archive-Clare-Kleinedler.
"Weezer Mourns Tragic Deaths Of Fan Club Leaders"
.
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. Retrieved
March 21,
2021
.
- ^
Archive-Clare-Kleinedler.
"Hundreds Join Weezer In Tribute To Fanclub Leaders"
.
MTV News
. Retrieved
March 21,
2021
.
- ^
Andrade, Dereck (September 24, 1996).
"Pinkerton obtains temporary restraining order against major U.S. record company; suit alleges trademark infringement by Los Angeles-based Geffen Records"
.
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Works cited
External links
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