Municipality in Southeast, Brazil
Petropolis
(
Portuguese:
[pe?t??polis,
-pu-]
), also known as
The Imperial City
, is a
municipality
in the
Southeast Region
of
Brazil
. It is located in the state of
Rio de Janeiro
, 68 kilometres (42 mi) northeast of the city of
Rio de Janeiro
. According to the 2010 National Brazilian Census, Petropolis municipality had 295,917 inhabitants that year, an increase from the 286,537 inhabitants at the previous census. Besides being the largest and most populous city in the
Fluminense Mountain Region
, the city also has the largest GDP and
HDI
in the region.
The town's name ("City of Peter") honors
Pedro II
, the last
Emperor of Brazil
, who is entombed there at the
Cathedral of Saint Peter of Alcantara
.
[3]
The city was the summer residence of the
Brazilian Emperors
and aristocrats in the 19th century, and was the official capital of the
state of Rio de Janeiro
during the
First Brazilian Republic
, between 1894 and 1902.
[3]
There are projects to annex Petropolis again to the
Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro
, because it is linked to the capital by political and economic ties and contains one of the state's highest HDIs.
[4]
History
[
edit
]
Colonial period
[
edit
]
Until the 18th century, the region was inhabited by the
indios coroados
(crowned Indians), which earned it the Portuguese name of "
Sertao dos Indios Coroados
". It was only with the discovery of gold in
Minas Gerais
and the consequent opening of the new way of the mines that passed through Petropolis in that century that the region began to be occupied by non-Indians.
[5]
The town's origins can be traced to Bernardo Soares de Proenca, who between 1722 and 1725 opened an alternative route between Rio de Janeiro and
Minas Gerais
, across the Serra da Estrela called "
Caminho Novo das Minas
" (New Road to Mines).
Imperial period
[
edit
]
While traveling to Minas Gerais along this route in 1822,
Emperor Pedro I
stayed at a farm owned by a Catholic priest, named Correia, and found the region's climate pleasant. As the priest's sister and heiress refused to sell his property, the Emperor bought the neighboring one, called the Corrego Seco Farm, in 1830. He had his summer palace built there, but never saw it finished, because he stepped down from the throne on April 7, 1831.
[6]
Other Brazilian aristocrats eventually followed suit.
His son,
Emperor Pedro II
, on March 16, 1843, signed an imperial decree ordering the construction of a settlement (to be formed with the arrival of
German immigrants
) and the construction of the dreamy summer palace on his outlying lands, the cornerstone of which was settled by the Emperor in May 1845, and that was ready in 1847.
[3]
Conceived by Major Julius Friedrich Koeler, it is considered to be the second planned city in Brazil (after
Recife
, designed during the Dutch period), being composed of an urban nucleus ? the city (now the center), where the Imperial Palace, Public buildings, commerce and services.
From then on, the city became the
de facto
capital of the
Empire of Brazil
during the summer, with the whole court moving. Large numbers of well-to-do inhabitants of the city of
Rio de Janeiro
also spent the summer in Petropolis to escape the outbreaks of
yellow fever
. Emperor Pedro II ruled for 49 years, and remained in Petropolis for at least forty summers, for up to five months. On 29 September 1857, the town was elevated to the status of a city. In 1861, the first
Macadamized
Highway in Brazil, Estrada Uniao e Industria, was inaugurated, connecting Petropolis to the city of
Juiz de Fora
in Minas Gerais. In 1883, a railroad arrived at the city on the initiative of the
Baron of Maua
. Also in 1877, the first telephone line in Brazil (and the first outside of the United States) was built, connecting Pedro's summer palace to his farm headquarters.
[
citation needed
]
Regardless of the time of year, foreign diplomatic representatives lived in Petropolis for most of the imperial period.
[
citation needed
]
Republican period
[
edit
]
Even after the establishment of the Republic and the exile of the Imperial family in 1889, the city continued to play a significant role in Brazilian history. It was a frequent choice as a summer residence for Presidents of the republic, who lodged at the
Palacio Rio Negro
(Black River Palace). The most frequent of them was
Getulio Vargas
, whose stays, during
Estado Novo
, lasted up to three months.
Between 1894 and 1902, the city was capital of the
State of Rio de Janeiro
, replacing
Niteroi
, due to the two
Navy Revolts
. Also in this period, was chosen Hermogenio Silva, the only Deputy Governor of Rio de Janeiro whose political base was in Petropolis. In 1897, the first cinema session took place in the city, with a cinematographer showing the Lumiere brothers' first films. In 1903, the
Treaty of Petropolis
, which gave Brazil the
Acre
territory, was signed between
Brazil
and
Bolivia
, at the residence of the
Baron of Rio Branco
.
[7]
[8]
The sanitarian
Oswaldo Cruz
was named its first mayor in 1916. On the premises of the
Quitandinha Palace
, the declaration of war of the American countries to the
Axis Powers
was signed during
World War II
(1939?1945).
[
citation needed
]
During the
Brazilian military government
in the 1970s, there was a center for torture, called
the house of death
.
[9]
In 1973 the remains of
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
(1846?1921), and her husband, the
Count of Eu
, were brought to be buried in the Imperial Mausoleum. The Princess received a funeral of the Head of State with the presence of the most important leaders of the Republic and the
Brazilian Imperial Family
and it was declared a public holiday.
[
citation needed
]
On 15 February 2022,
over 150 people were killed by floods
in Petropolis following intense rainfall that caused mudslides.
[10]
Geography
[
edit
]
Nestled among the forested hills of the
Serra dos Orgaos
, in the valley of the Quitandinha and
Piabanha
rivers, Petropolis is a popular winter holiday spot. Besides the climate and surroundings, the main attraction is the former Summer Palace of the last Brazilian Emperor, which is now the
Imperial Museum
, specializing in Imperial history and memorabilia.
Petropolis is home to the National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, a research unit of the
Ministry of Science and Technology
of the Brazilian Federal Government. The municipality holds part of the
Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic
of conservation units, created in 2006.
[11]
The 16.7 hectares (41 acres)
Petropolis Municipal Nature Park
is in the historical center of the city of Petropolis.
[12]
It is part of the
Petropolis Environmental Protection Area
and the
Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve
.
[13]
The municipality also contains the 530 hectares (1,300 acres)
Pedra do Elefante Natural Monument
.
[14]
Climate
[
edit
]
Petropolis has a
humid subtropical climate
(
Koppen climate classification
:
Cwa
) caused by elevation with humid summers. The rainfall is approximately 1,383 mm (54.4 in) per annum.
The municipality contains part of the 26,260 hectares (64,900 acres)
Tingua Biological Reserve
, a strictly protected
Atlantic Forest
conservation unit created in 1989.
[15]
The temperatures are mild. The annual average is around 19 °C (66 °F). In warmer months, the average temperature is 23 °C (73 °F) and the average of the coldest month is 15 °C (59 °F). According to the National Institute of Meteorology (
pt: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
), the lowest temperature recorded was ?0.7 °C (30.7 °F) on August 2, 1955, and the highest temperature recorded was 36.6 °C (97.9 °F), on November 6, 2009.
Climate data for Petropolis (Granja Jurity), elevation 980 m (3,220 ft), (1981?2020 normals, extremes 1986?2007)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
35.4
(95.7)
|
35.0
(95.0)
|
33.2
(91.8)
|
33.4
(92.1)
|
29.3
(84.7)
|
29.6
(85.3)
|
30.9
(87.6)
|
33.1
(91.6)
|
35.1
(95.2)
|
34.3
(93.7)
|
34.5
(94.1)
|
33.1
(91.6)
|
35.4
(95.7)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
27.5
(81.5)
|
28.1
(82.6)
|
27.2
(81.0)
|
25.9
(78.6)
|
22.8
(73.0)
|
22.1
(71.8)
|
21.6
(70.9)
|
23.1
(73.6)
|
23.5
(74.3)
|
24.9
(76.8)
|
25.5
(77.9)
|
26.5
(79.7)
|
24.9
(76.8)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
17.7
(63.9)
|
17.7
(63.9)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
15.8
(60.4)
|
13.0
(55.4)
|
11.8
(53.2)
|
11.3
(52.3)
|
12.0
(53.6)
|
13.4
(56.1)
|
14.8
(58.6)
|
15.8
(60.4)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
14.8
(58.6)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
11.2
(52.2)
|
11.4
(52.5)
|
11.7
(53.1)
|
9.5
(49.1)
|
5.2
(41.4)
|
4.0
(39.2)
|
3.5
(38.3)
|
4.8
(40.6)
|
5.0
(41.0)
|
5.9
(42.6)
|
5.8
(42.4)
|
9.1
(48.4)
|
3.5
(38.3)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
311.0
(12.24)
|
156.0
(6.14)
|
149.0
(5.87)
|
64.0
(2.52)
|
39.0
(1.54)
|
17.0
(0.67)
|
29.0
(1.14)
|
24.0
(0.94)
|
51.0
(2.01)
|
104.0
(4.09)
|
188.0
(7.40)
|
251.0
(9.88)
|
1,383
(54.44)
|
Average precipitation days
|
18
|
13
|
13
|
7
|
6
|
3
|
4
|
4
|
7
|
9
|
14
|
17
|
115
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
83
|
84
|
85
|
86
|
87
|
84
|
83
|
82
|
80
|
81
|
82
|
86
|
84
|
Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
[16]
[17]
[18]
|
Source 2: Rio 2016 web site (precipitation and humidity)
[19]
|
Demography
[
edit
]
Petropolis experienced a strong population growth in the late nineteenth century, which remained less significant throughout the twentieth century. Its population began to stagnate and then contract (even if in a mild way) around the beginning of 2000.
[20]
According to 2010 data, 52.3% (approximately 155 thousand people) of the population belong to the female sex and 48.7% (about 145 thousand people) to the male sex.
Religion
[
edit
]
According to the 2012 census of IBGE, Petropolis is composed by:
[21]
Ethnic composition
[
edit
]
According to the 2010 demographic census, Petropolis was home to 186,642
White
people (63.5%), 75,025
Mixed
people (25.4%), 31,463
Black
people (10.6%), 970
Asian
people (0.4%) and 281
Amerindian
people (0.1%).
[22]
The main peoples to participate in the ethnic/cultural formation of Petropolis were the Germans and the
Portuguese
(mainly from the region of the
Azores
). Other ethnic groups like
Italian
,
French
,
English
, and
Lebanese
also had expressive participation in the formation of the city.
[23]
[24]
[25]
City districts
[
edit
]
Petropolis is divided into five districts, which are subdivided into smaller neighborhoods. These districts are subdivided into neighborhoods and/or urban and rural locations.
Petropolis
- Downtown
- North zone:
Quissama, Retiro, Jardim Salvador, Itamarati (parte), Atilio Marotti, Quarteirao Brasileiro
, among others.
- South zone:
Valparaiso, Quitandinha, Duques, Taquara, Parque Sao Vicente, Coronel Veiga, Castelanea, Simeria, Duas Pontes, Ponte Fones, Quarteirao Suico, Quarteirao Italiano, Independencia, Sao Sebastiao, Saldanha Marinho, Alto Independencia, Maua
, among others.
- West zone:
Bingen, Mosela, Duarte da Silveira, Capela, Castrioto, Pedras Brancas, Vila Militar, Rocio, Bataillard, Moinho Preto, Fazenda Inglesa, Quarteirao Ingelhein, Quarteirao Nassau
, among others.
- East Zone:
Morin, Alto da Serra, 24 de Maio, Vila Felipe, Vila Real, Campinho, Chacara Flora, Sargento Boening, Oswero Vilaca, Meio da Serra
, among others.
Districts
- Cascatinha ? Araras, Vale das Videiras, Bonsucesso, Carangola, Vila Manzini, Castelo Sao Manoel, Correas, Bairro da Gloria, Itamarati, Estrada da Saudade, Nogueira, Samambaia, Jardim Salvador, Roseiral, Alcobacinha and Humberto Rovigatti.
- Itaipava ? Madame Machado, Mangalarga, Vila Rica, Jardim Americano, Vale do Cuiaba, Benfica, Laginha, Gentio, Catubira, Ribeirao, Castelo, Reta, Sumidouro, Santa Monica, Arranha-Ceu, Parque Santa Maria, Parque dos Eucaliptos, Estrada das Arcas and centro de Itaipava
- Pedro do Rio ? Secretario, Fagundes, Taquaril, Barra Mansa
, among others.
- Posse ? Brejal, Rio Bonito, Tremedeira, Granjas Raposo, Nossa Senhora de Fatima, Jacuba
among others.
Economy
[
edit
]
Petropolis' economy is based on tourism, services and industry. It is the 2nd largest
beer
production center in the country and the headquarters of major Brazilian
brewery
companies such as
Grupo Petropolis
(which owns the beer brands Itaipava, Crystal, Lokal, Black Princess, and Petra) Bohemia, and also a
Brasil Kirin
Factory.
[26]
[27]
Other companies also have their headquarters in the city, such as the Mundo Verde network (Brazilian retailer of natural products) and the chocolate maker Katz. Currently, the project is being developed for the Industrial District of Posse, which aims to encourage industries in the 5th district of the city. Petropolis has the 9th largest GDP of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in front of cities such as
Nova Friburgo
and
Teresopolis
, and, in national scope, more than six state capitals, such as
Aracaju
,
Palmas
, and
Macapa
.
The city's economy is still larger than entire states of the federation, such as
Roraima
and
Acre
.
Tourism
[
edit
]
The high season of tourism in Petropolis begins in July, with the beginning of
Bauernfest
, and the beginning of winter, which attracts tourists to the city with the cold weather. In 2014, some attractions increased by more than 30%, compared to the same period in 2013, due to the
FIFA World Cup Brazil 2014
.
It is the city of the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro that receives more tourists per year. Petropolis was the non-capital that progressed most in the Competitiveness Index of National Tourism in 2014, prepared by the Ministry of Tourism. According to the developers, the city is among the 15 best placed in Brazil in the overall ranking of competitiveness in tourism.
The main attractions of the city are:
Education
[
edit
]
Garden of the complex of the Catholic University
In the city, there are two public universities, the
University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
(UERJ), and the
Fluminense Federal University
(UFF), both of which have nationally recognized excellence levels, respectively, offering Architecture and Production Engineering courses. In the city, there is also a unit of the Federal Center of Technological Education Celso Suckow of Fonseca (CEFET-RJ), with courses such as Degree in Physics, Bachelor in Tourism, and Computer Engineering.
[28]
[29]
[30]
In addition to these, the city has the
Catholic University of Petropolis
, the
Petropolis Medical School
, Arthur Sa Earp Neto College,
Estacio de Sa University
, FAETERJ ? Faculty of Technological Education of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Faculdade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro), which offers courses in Information Technology and Communication, and private higher education institutions that offer several undergraduate courses and also postgraduate courses (lato sensu and stricto sensu).
The municipality houses one of the teaching centers of the Distance Learning Center of the State of Rio de Janeiro, a consortium formed by public institutions of higher education in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This consortium offers free undergraduate courses in Pedagogy, Mathematics, Biology and Public Safety. The National Laboratory of Scientific Computing offers free masters and doctorate courses in the areas of Computation, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Engineering.
In the field of basic education, the municipal education network reached the goal of the IDEB for 2011 and had its mark above the averages of the state and the country.
Transport
[
edit
]
According to the IBGE census, in the year 2014 the total fleet of Petropolis had 142,576 vehicles, approximately 1 vehicle per 2.1 inhabitants.
[31]
Of these were: 96,384 automobiles; 21,133 motorcycles; 8,048 pickup trucks; 6,753 vans; 3,092 heavy trucks; 2,769 scooters; 1,289 utilities; 926 buses; 680 micro-buses; 290 tractor-trucks; And 1,232 other types of vehicles. The public transport in the city is made by several companies, being the greater one, Petrolta.
[32]
The main public transport in Petropolis is the bus along with taxis.
Culture
[
edit
]
The culture of Petropolis is directly linked to the imperial period of Brazil. Being nicknamed as Imperial City, the city has a large collection of theaters, museums, and palaces that refer to the period. In addition, much of the culture of the city was influenced by the immigration that participated in the formation of the identity of Petropolis, where the German, Portuguese, Syrian, Lebanese, and Italian groups stand out. Even today the city has the second largest festival of German culture in Brazil, the Bauernfest, only losing to the
Oktoberfest
in the south of the country. In addition, festivals are held every year that bring back the culture of other peoples, such as the Serra Serata, in honor of Italian immigration, and Bunka-Sai, a celebration of Japanese culture. The Cultural Foundation promotes every year (since 2009) the Maestro Guerra-Peixe de Cultura Prize, which honors the most outstanding artists and cultural agents during the year; The patron Cesar Guerra-Peixe was an illustrious composer Petropolitan.
Architecture
[
edit
]
The city has unique architecture, such as the
Palacio Quitandinha
, the Petropolitan Academy of Letters, the House Museum of Santos Dumont, the
Imperial Museum of Brazil
, the Dom Pedro Theater, the
Casa do Colono Museum,
and the
Cathedral of Saint Peter of Alcantara
. The palace is the main building of the so-called "historic center", where Koeler Avenue stands out, surrounded by mansions and palaces of the 19th century. The road is perpendicular to the facade of the Cathedral of Saint Peter of Alcantara and, in the other direction, the Ruy Barbosa Square and the facade of the Catholic University.
In the so-called "historic center", there are also buildings such as "
Encantada
" (summer house of Santos Dumont); the Crystal Palace; the Yellow Palace (City Council); the
Rio Negro Palace
, bordering the city hall (Sergio Fadel Palace); and curious buildings such as the "castelinho" of the self-proclaimed "Duke of Belfort", on the corner of Koeler and Ruy Barbosa Square, or the old house of the Rocha Miranda family, on Avenida Ipiranga ? same address of another residence of the same family, in a sixties style. Modern lines are also present in the house of
Lucio Costa
, in the neighborhood of Samambaia.
Theatres
[
edit
]
Petropolis has 2 theaters. The
Teatro Dom Pedro
, created in Art Deco style and inaugurated in 1933 by D'Angelo & Cia, is one of the largest in the state. The place was created with different styles, with mythological and futuristic references, making the theater considered an eclectic style, becoming a cultural and artistic reference for Petropolis. The city also owns the Teatro Santa Cecilia, built in 1955, located in Rua Aureliano Coutinho in the center of the city.
Museums
[
edit
]
Petropolis has great traditions as an imperial city. For this reason, today it owns one of the most important museums of the history of Brazil, the Imperial Museum. Built between 1845 and 1862 as the summer Palace of the Imperial Family, it has a collection of pieces linked to the
Brazilian monarchy
, including furniture, documents, works of art, and personal objects belonging to the Imperial Family. The Palace was turned into a museum in 1943 by decree of the then president
Getulio Vargas
. In addition, the city has the Petropolis Wax Museum,
Casa Santos Dumont Museum
,
Casa do Colono Museum
,
Princess Isabel House,
and Rio Negro Palace, all located in the city center.
With more than 321,000 visitors, the Imperial Museum in Petropolis was the most visited museum in Brazil in 2016, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Museums (Ibram) of the Ministry of Culture.
[33]
Festivals
[
edit
]
The Petropolis culture is directly linked to German immigration.
[34]
Since 1989,
Bauernfest
, a typical feast in honor of German immigrants, is held every year. The festival in 2012 lasted 11 days, had the participation of 368,000 visitors, and raised R$55 million. The festival welcomes foreign tourists from all over Brazil, especially from the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is the most influential party of the city and includes competitions of chope the meter, presentations, typical cuisine, exhibition of chocolates, among other attractions.
[35]
[36]
The city also holds the Serra Serata, an annual festival that celebrates immigration and Italian culture.
[37]
Petropolis also hosts the Winter Festival, promoted by SESC, with several attractions for this period of the year, which usually happens in the Quitandinha Palace. The festival is already traditional in the cities of Petropolis, Nova Friburgo, and Teresopolis. In 2014, the 13th edition was held, counting on concerts, theatrical presentations, and cultural events.
[38]
[39]
[40]
The city also hosts Bunka-Sai, the annual festival of Japanese culture, which had its first edition in 2009. It has cultural presentations, in addition to the Japanese gastronomic festival.
[41]
[42]
Carnival
[
edit
]
In 2013, the carnival of the city was canceled, for the application of funds in the approximate amount of R$1 million, previously used in the parades, in the area of health, thus making Petropolis a refuge of Cariocas of the Carnival. The decision was made during a meeting between the mayor and the Foundation for Culture and Tourism.
[43]
[44]
[45]
Sport
[
edit
]
Serrano Football Club
was founded on 29 June 1915 and was
Garrincha
's first professional team.
[46]
Media
[
edit
]
The main television station transmitting news related to the city is
InterTV Serra + Mar
, as well as other local broadcasters such as
SBT
Rio and
Band
Rio, which present news from the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro, mainly related to Petropolis and Nova Friburgo. The city also has local television networks with a certain influence: Rede Petropolis de Televisao, TV Vila Imperial, and TV Cidade de Petropolis, with headquarters located in the center.
[47]
[48]
The city's main written newspaper is the
Tribuna de Petropolis
, one of the oldest in the country, created in 1909, published from Tuesday to Sunday, whose headquarters are in the center. Also worthy of note is the newspaper
Diario de Petropolis
, published daily, of great influence in the city.
[49]
[50]
The main and most listened to radio stations with headquarters in Petropolis are
Radio Tribuna
FM (88.5 MHz),
Radio UCP
(106.3 MHz),
Radio Supernova FM
(98.7 MHz), and
Radio Imperial
(1550 AM). In addition, radio stations based in the city of Rio de Janeiro, such as the
MIX FM Rio Radio
, which already owned an exclusive domain of Radio MIX in Petropolis and was later purchased by Radio UCP, are also very much listened to.
[51]
[52]
[53]
[
circular reference
]
In recent years, the internet has proved to be one of the main sources of news. In Petropolis, some include the G1 of the Serrana Region, the online portal of the Tribuna de Petropolis, and the Diario de Petropolis, besides the site Acontece in Petropolis and the portal with live broadcast of TVC 16 (TV Cidade de Petropolis). Also worth mentioning is the online portal of the RPT (Rede Petropolis de Televisao).
[54]
[55]
[56]
Sister cities
[
edit
]
Petropolis is
twinned
with:
Notable people
[
edit
]
- Dom Pedro de Alcantara
,
Prince of Grao-Para
- Prince Luis of Orleans-Braganza
- Rafael da Silva
,
Olympique Lyonnais
footballer
- Carlos Gracie
, Brazilian martial artist
- Helio Gracie
, Brazilian martial artist
- Michel de Souza
, operatic baritone, born in Petropolis
[58]
- Guilherme Fontes
, Brazilian actor
- Edwin V. Morgan
,
United States Ambassador to Brazil
1912?1933
- Fiorella Mattheis
, Brazilian actress
- Peter Brian Medawar
, winner of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
, among other awards
- Henrique Avancini
, Brazilian mountain bike racer
- Rodrigo Santoro
, actor who has appeared in many successful movies, including
300
,
What to Expect When You're Expecting
, among others
- Magda Tagliaferro
, Brazilian pianist
- Stefan Zweig
, Austrian author, lived in Petropolis from 1940 until his suicide in the same city on February 23, 1942
- Elizabeth Bishop
, American poet and short-story writer, lived partly in Petropolis for 17 years (1944?1961) with
Lota de Macedo Soares
, architect and landscape designer
[59]
- Cristiane Brasil
, Brazilian politician, was born in Petropolis
- Jorge Henrique Papf
, a German-Brazilian photographer and painter
- Andreas Mattheis
, Brazilian racing driver
- All but one of the members of the comedy troupe
Hermes & Renato
were born in Petropolis
Petropolis is also the home of
Meninas Cantoras de Petropolis
, an all-girl singing group.
Gallery
[
edit
]
-
Landscape of Petropolis (Woodland with a Creek)
, unknown date
-
-
Landscape of Petropolis
, unknown date
-
Imperial Palace of Petropolis, circa 1855
-
City entrance
-
-
The railway engine 11 was used on the railway line that, during the period 1883?1964, ran between
Rio de Janeiro
and Petropolis.
-
Lake Quitandinha
-
Quitandinha Palace
-
House of Ipiranga ("House of the Seven Mistakes")
-
Monument to
Emperor Pedro II
in the garden at the square which bears his name
-
-
Statue of Pedro II at the Imperial Museum
-
Landscape of Petropolis, in front of the Imperial Museum
-
Palacio Amarelo
(Yellow Palace), the City Council of Petropolis
-
Crystal Palace
-
Bench in the center of Petropolis
-
Downtown Petropolis
-
Petropolis' Mountains
-
Vale Imperial Residence
-
City centre
-
Rua do Imperador
(Emperor Street)
-
View from the cathedral tower
-
Irmaos D'Angelo Street
-
Evangelical church
-
Obelisk of Petropolis
-
Stained glass windows of Petropolis Cathedral
-
Stained glass windows of Petropolis Cathedral
-
Liberdade Square
-
Hydrangea
flowers in the fog
-
A trail at the
Serra dos Orgaos
National Park
References
[
edit
]
- ^
IBGE 2020
- ^
"IDHM ranking"
(PDF)
.
United Nations Development Programme
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on July 8, 2014
. Retrieved
March 3,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Emperor Street"
.
World Digital Library
. 1860?1870
. Retrieved
2013-08-24
.
- ^
"Projeto de Lei Complementar n.º 13/2012 que insere, novamente, Petropolis na Regiao Metropolitana do Rio. ALERJ"
.
- ^
"Prefeitura de Petropolis"
. Archived from
the original
on 2012-10-23.
- ^
Home
- ^
"Petropolis/RJ ? Informacoes Turisticas ? Casa do Barao do Rio Branco"
.
Instituto IDEIAS
(in Portuguese). Archived from
the original
on 2017-04-05
. Retrieved
2017-04-05
.
- ^
"15 Coisas que voce nao sabia sobre Petropolis"
.
Castelo de Itaipava Hotel
(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-08-20. Archived from
the original
on 2017-04-05
. Retrieved
2017-04-05
.
- ^
Torturerte politiske fanger i Brasil, na er han funnet drept
- ^
"Brazil Storm Death Toll Rises To 152"
.
Barron's
. 20 February 2022
. Retrieved
20 February
2022
.
- ^
Costa, Claudia; Lamas, Ivana; Fernandes, Rosan (December 2010),
Planejamento Estrategico do Mosaico Central Fluminense
(PDF)
(in Portuguese), Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlantica, p. 13
, retrieved
2016-10-02
- ^
Parque Natural Municipal de Petropolis
(in Portuguese), Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentavel RJ
, retrieved
2016-10-04
- ^
Parque Natural Municipal de Petropolis
(in Portuguese), Instituto IDEIAS, archived from
the original
on 2016-10-06
, retrieved
2016-10-04
- ^
Unidades de Conservacao da Natureza no Municipio de Petropolis
(in Portuguese), Municipio de Petropolis
, retrieved
2016-10-07
- ^
Unidade de Conservacao: Reserva Biologica do Tingua
(in Portuguese), MMA: Ministerio do Meio Ambiente
, retrieved
2016-04-18
- ^
"Normais Climatologicas Do Brasil 1981?2010"
(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
. Retrieved
21 May
2024
.
- ^
"BDMEP - serie historica - dados diarios - temperatura minima (°C) - Gra. Juriti (Petropolis)"
. Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
. Retrieved
25 May
2024
.
- ^
"BDMEP - serie historica - dados diarios - temperatura maxima (°C) - Gra. Juriti (Petropolis)"
. Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
. Retrieved
25 May
2024
.
- ^
"Climatological Information for Petropolis, Brazil"
. Rio 2016. November 2013. Archived from
the original
on December 2, 2013
. Retrieved
November 24,
2013
.
- ^
"Dados de populacao"
.
- ^
"Censo Demografico IBGE"
. Archived from
the original
on 2016-03-07
. Retrieved
2019-01-28
.
- ^
"Censo demografico IBGE, por composicao etnica"
. Instituto brasileiro de Geografia, e Estatistica. Archived from
the original
on 2016-01-19.
- ^
"Colonizacao de Petropolis"
. Archived from
the original
on 2014-12-29.
- ^
"Colonos da cidade"
.
- ^
"Colonizacao Alema"
. 8 July 2014.
- ^
"Petropolis"
.
Cidades.ibge.gov.br
. IBGE | Brasil em S?ntese
. Retrieved
2022-08-26
.
- ^
"Colombia divulga video provando que refens das Farc estao vivos - Internacional"
.
- ^
"Tribunadepetropolis.net"
.
- ^
"Novo! Engenharia de Producao (Petropolis) ? divulgado Edital Suplementar | Universidade Federal Fluminense"
.
www.uff.br
. 29 September 2015
. Retrieved
2015-11-22
.
- ^
http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/bairros/uerj-abre-curso-de-arquitetura-em-casarao-historico-de-petropolis-12008788+&cd=1&hl=pt-BR&ct=clnk&gl=br
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
"Frota total de veiculos, IBGE 2014"
. Archived from
the original
on 2016-07-02
. Retrieved
2019-01-28
.
- ^
"Empresas de onibus da cidade, Prefeitura Municipal"
. Archived from
the original
on 2018-04-23
. Retrieved
2019-01-28
.
- ^
"numeros ? Portal do Instituto Brasileiro de Museus"
. www.museus.gov.br
. Retrieved
2017-02-02
.
- ^
Antonio Eugenio Taulois (February 2007).
"Historia de Petropolis"
. Archived from
the original
on 2014-10-21
. Retrieved
2014-11-25
.
- ^
"Bauernfest"
. 28 June 2013.
- ^
"Festivais"
.
- ^
"Prefeitura de Petropolis ? Serra Serata"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 2016-10-10.
- ^
"G1 ? Festival de Inverno"
. 16 July 2014.
- ^
"Festival de Inverno ? Apresentacoes"
. 14 July 2014.
- ^
"Festival de Inverno"
.
- ^
"Festival Bunka-Sai"
. 28 July 2012.
- ^
"Bunka-Sai"
. Archived from
the original
on 2017-08-03
. Retrieved
2017-08-02
.
- ^
"Prefeito de Petropolis cancela carnaval para investir em saude"
.
- ^
"Prefeito de Petropolis cancela Carnaval para investir em saude"
.
- ^
"Prefeito de Petropolis cancela carnaval para investir em saude"
. Archived from
the original
on 2014-02-03
. Retrieved
2017-08-02
.
- ^
Primeiro time profissional de Garrincha encontra registro historico do jogador
(in Portuguese), Globo, 14 August 2015
- ^
"InterTV"
. Archived from
the original
on 2013-08-12.
- ^
"RPT ? Rede Petropolis de Televisao"
.
- ^
"Tribuna de Petropolis"
.
- ^
"Diario de Petropolis"
.
- ^
"Radio em Petropolis"
.
- ^
"Radio em Petropolis"
.
- ^
"Radio MIX Rio"
.
- ^
"G1 de Petropolis"
.
- ^
"RPT"
.
- ^
"Petropolis News"
.
- ^
"Lei municipal 3764/1990"
.
- ^
"Michel de Souza"
.
www.roh.org.uk
. Royal Opera House
. Retrieved
26 February
2014
.
- ^
"Elizabeth Bishop | Poetry Foundation"
. 19 February 2022.
External links
[
edit
]
Media related to
Petropolis
at Wikimedia Commons
Petropolis
travel guide from Wikivoyage
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