British merchant trader, traveller and writer
Peter Mundy
(
fl.
1597 ? 1667) was a seventeenth-century
British
factor, merchant trader, traveller and writer. He was the first Briton to record, in his
Itinerarium Mundi
('Itinerary of the World'), tasting
Chaa
(tea) in China and travelled extensively in Asia, Russia and Europe.
[1]
Life
[
edit
]
Mundy came from
Penryn
in south
Cornwall
. In 1609 he accompanied his father, a
pilchard
trader
[2]
to
Rouen
across the
Channel
in Normandy, and was then sent to
Gascony
to learn French. In May 1611 he went as a cabin-boy in a merchant ship, and gradually rose in life until he became of independent circumstances.
He visited
Constantinople
in 1617, returning to London and overland via Bulgaria,
Sarajevo
,
Split
,
Venice
,
Chambery
and Paris with the English Ambassador
Paul Pindar
, and afterwards made a journey to Spain as a clerk in the employ of Richard Wyche. Following Wyche's death and a brief spell in the family Pilchard business, he returned to London and obtained employment on account of his language skills, travelling experience and reference from Pindar, with the
East India Company
on a salary of 25 pounds.
As a fisherman and sailor it is likely that he spoke at least some
Cornish
of which he makes some account of its relation to Welsh, visiting
Wales
(and climbing
Ysgyryd Fawr
) in 1639 where he noted "few of the common or poorer sort understand any English at all".
[3]
He went on further voyages to India, China, and Japan, when he started from
the Downs
on 14 April 1636. His journals record his being served "
Chaa
" or tea by the Chinese and tasting chocolate aboard a Spanish merchant vessel. The fleet of four ships and two
pinnaces
were sent out by
Sir William Courten
, and Mundy seems to have been employed as a factor. His journals end somewhat abruptly, but a manuscript in the
Rawlinson collection
at the
Bodleian Library
continues the narrative of his life, spending many years living in the
Hansa
free city of
Danzig
- modern
Gda?sk
- including journeys to Denmark, Prussia, and Russia, which lasted from 1639 to 1648. Mundy himself made the drawings for the volume and traced his routes in red on the maps of
Hondius
. In 1663 he declared his travelling days over and retired to Falmouth. His journals record his own calculation of the distance he had travelled in his many voyages as 100,833 and 5/8th miles. His manuscripts were lost for nearly 300 years before being published by the
Hakluyt Society
.
Philip Marsden
's history of Falmouth,
The Levelling Sea
, published in 2011, provides a brief account of Peter Mundy's life on pages 131?137.
He also left the earliest description of the
Musaeum Tradescantianum
.
[4]
Travels to India
[
edit
]
Peter Mundy travelled from
England
to
Surat
, which he reached at September 1628. In 1630, it was agreed to transfer Peter Mundy to
Agra
. He began his journey on November 11, reaching Agra on 3rd January 1631. He served his superiors but then he was told to go to
Patna
to make an investment in cloth. On 6 August 1632, he set out for Patna, travelling 500 miles and reaching his destination on 20 September 1632. He did not make a good profit in Patna and decided to return to Agra in November. He reached Agra on 22nd December and stayed there for two months, during which time he witnessed the marriage of
Shah Jahan
's two elder sons. He appears to have enjoyed visiting
Fatehpur Sikri
, which was deserted by
Akbar
.
[5]
Character
[
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]
"It is rare to find a man so representative of his period as was Peter Mundy. In an age when curiosity was the outstanding characteristic of intelligent Englishmen, curiosity was the ruling passion of this life. ... His insatiable appetite for information, his eye for detail, his desire for accuracy, would have made him in modern times a first-rate scientist. ... True to his period, also, was his heartlessness ... he was more interested in the appearances of things than their implications in the lives of human beings. ... But if he was unfeeling, he was by no means insensitive; each strange item in the surprising world he had inherited is described with a spontaneous brilliance seldom to be found in modern writing."
[6]
Itinerary
[
edit
]
- 1530s Grandfather was
Chanoor
or
Chantor
at
Glasney College
)
- 1596 Born at
Penryn
, his father was Richard Mundy
Religious education with uncle in Devon
- 1608 first voyage to
Rouen
with his Father trading pilchards
- 1610
Bayonne
, Gascony to learn 'the French Tongue'
- 1611 No further mention of his mother
- 1613
San Lucar
with Mr Parker
- 1615
Seville
with Mr Weaver, “attains” the Spanish Tongue
- 1617
Constantinople
with James Wyche; returns overland via
Belgrade
;
Sarajevo
;
Split
;
Venice
;
Padua
;
Verona
;
Milan
; crosses the Alps to
Lyons
;
Orleans
;
Paris
;
Calais
;
London
- 1620-21 Returns overland to Penryn
- 1621 Seville for ‘the Copper Contract’; apparently a Falmouth-based family venture with sparse details recorded initially.
- 1625
Valladolid
- 1626
St Malo
and
Jersey
? apparently an excursion for pleasure
- 1628 Applies to the East India Company to
Surat
, India on £25 salary
- 1635-38 India to Japan
- 1639 ‘Petty Progress’ in England &
Wales
- 1640-1647
Amsterdam
and
Holland
,
Prussia
,
Warsaw
and
Poland
,
Russia
? based from the free city of Dantzigk /
Gdansk
- 1647 Returns to
Falmouth
- 1650-54 Begins writing in earnest in London
- 1655-56 3rd Voyage to India on the Alleppo Merchant
- 1658 Stays in London
- 1663-67 Returns to complete memoires in Penryn.
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Peter Mundy, Merchant Adventurer, Ed. R E Pritchard, 2011, Bodleian Library, Oxford
- ^
"His father was engaged in 'the pilchard business'."
Carrington, Dorothy
(1949)
The Traveller's Eye
. London: Pilot Press; p. 178
- ^
Peter Mundy, Merchant Adventurer, ed. R.E. Pritchard, 2011, Bodleian Library Press, Oxford; p, 148
- ^
"Ashmolean"
.
Archived
from the original on 5 August 2017
. Retrieved
24 October
2009
.
- ^
"The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia 1608 - 1667 Vol. II: Travels in Asia, 1628 - 1634"
.
INDIAN CULTURE
.
Archived
from the original on 3 November 2023
. Retrieved
17 February
2022
.
- ^
Carrington, Dorothy (1949)
The Traveller's Eye
. London: Pilot Press; p. 178-79
References
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