American actor (1928?2010)
Pernell Roberts
|
---|
Roberts in 1965
|
Born
| Pernell Elven Roberts Jr.
(
1928-05-18
)
May 18, 1928
|
---|
Died
| January 24, 2010
(2010-01-24)
(aged 81)
|
---|
Occupations
| |
---|
Years active
| 1949?2001
|
---|
Spouses
|
Vera Mowry
(
m.
1951;
div.
1959)
(
m.
1962;
div.
1971)
Kara Knack
(
m.
1972;
div.
1996)
Eleanor Criswell
(
m.
1997)
|
---|
Children
| 1
[1]
|
---|
Pernell Elven Roberts Jr.
(May 18, 1928 ? January 24, 2010) was an American stage, film, and television actor, activist, and singer. In addition to guest-starring in over 60 television series, he was best known for his roles as Ben Cartwright's eldest son Adam Cartwright on the
Western
television series
Bonanza
(1959?1965), and as chief surgeon Dr. John McIntyre, the title character on
Trapper John, M.D.
(1979?1986).
[2]
[3]
Roberts was also known for his lifelong
activism
, which included participation in the
Selma to Montgomery marches
in 1965
[2]
and pressuring
NBC
to refrain from hiring
White people
to portray minority characters.
[4]
Early life
[
edit
]
Roberts was born in 1928 in
Waycross, Georgia
, the only child of Pernell Elven Roberts Sr., a
Dr. Pepper
salesman, and Minnie (Betty) Myrtle Morgan Roberts. During his high-school years, Pernell played the horn, acted in school and church plays, and sang in local
USO
shows. He attended, but did not graduate from,
Georgia Tech
. Enlisting in 1946, he served for two years in the
United States Marine Corps
. He played the
tuba
and horn in the
Marine Corps Band
, and he was also skilled at playing the
sousaphone
and
percussion
.
[5]
He later attended, also without graduating, the
University of Maryland
, where he had his first exposure to acting in classical theatre. He appeared in four productions while a student, including
Othello
and
Antigone
, but left school to act in
summer stock
.
Professional theatre
[
edit
]
In 1949, he made his professional stage debut with
Moss Hart
and
Kitty Carlisle
in
The Man Who Came to Dinner
at the
Olney Theatre
in
Olney, Maryland
. Later, he spent eight weeks at the
Bryn Mawr College
Theatre in
Philadelphia
, portraying Dan in
Emlyn Williams
'
Night Must Fall
and Alfred Doolittle in
Bernard Shaw
's
Pygmalion
.
[6]
In 1952, Roberts moved to New York City, where he appeared first
off-Broadway
in one-act
operas
and
ballets
with the North American
Lyric Theatre
, with the Shakespearewrights, at the
Equity Library Theatre
, and later on Broadway with performances in
Tonight in Samarkand
(also in Washington, DC),
The Lovers
opposite
Joanne Woodward
, and
A Clearing in the Woods
with
Robert Culp
and
Kim Stanley
. He won a Drama Desk Award in 1955 for his performance in an off-Broadway rendition of
Macbeth
, which was followed by the role of
Mercutio
in
Romeo and Juliet
. He performed in
Twelfth Night
,
The Merchant of Venice
,
Dr. Faustus
, and
The Taming of the Shrew
at the
American Shakespeare Festival
, and later on Broadway. He performed in
St. Joan
(1954, Cleveland),
Down in the Valley
(at the
Provincetown Playhouse
),
The Duchess of Malfi
,
Measure for Measure
, and
King John
.
In 1956, Roberts returned to the Olney Theatre, starring opposite Jan Farrand in
Much Ado About Nothing
with the Players, Inc. group.
[7]
The same year, Roberts made his television debut in the "Shadow of Suspicion" episode of
Kraft Television Theater
, followed by guest-starring roles in
Whirlybirds
,
Gunsmoke
,
Cimarron City
,
Buckskin
,
Sugarfoot
, and
Cheyenne
.
Transition to film and television
[
edit
]
Roberts signed a contract with
Columbia Pictures
in 1957, and made his film debut a year later as one of
Burl Ives
' contentious sons in
Desire Under the Elms
(1958). The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography. He also landed a character role in
The Sheepman
(1958), opposite
Glenn Ford
and
Shirley MacLaine
, and continued to guest-star on television shows such as episodes of
Shirley Temple Storybook Theater
("
The Emperor's New Clothes
", "
Rumplestiltskin
", "
The Sleeping Beauty
", and "
Hiawatha
"), the live-broadcast
Matinee Theater
, where he starred again in Shakespeare's
Much Ado About Nothing
, and in
The Heart's Desire
. This was followed by appearances in
Trackdown
,
Buckskin
, and episodes of
Zane Grey Theater
. Roberts guest-starred as Captain Jacques Chavez on the NBC adventure series
Northwest Passage
(1958). He appeared with fellow guest star Fay Spain in the 1958 episode "Pick Up the Gun" of
Tombstone Territory
and played the lead villain Travis in the 31st episode ("Hey Boy's Revenge") of
Have Gun – Will Travel
, portraying a killer boss exploiter of Chinese
coolie
laborers.
[8]
The episode aired 4/11/1958.
In 1959, Roberts guest-starred in episodes of
General Electric Theater
,
Cimarron City
,
Sugarfoot
,
Lawman
,
One Step Beyond
,
Bronco
,
77 Sunset Strip
,
The Detectives
, and
House Call
.
[8]
Also in 1959, he co-starred in the film
Ride Lonesome
. "If Roberts felt typecast by Westerns, they also provided his finest role in this film, arguably the greatest of the B-movies starring
Randolph Scott
and directed by
Budd Boetticher
. Roberts recognized the film's classic structure; his engaging outlaw, Sam Boone, counterpoints Scott's granite-faced Ben Brigade, maintaining the tension of whether they will work together or clash. He similarly played off
James Coburn
, who was making his film debut as Boone's quiet sidekick, Whit."
[9]
The same year, he was cast in
Bonanza
.
Bonanza
[
edit
]
Roberts played Ben Cartwright's urbane eldest son Adam, in the Western television series
Bonanza
. Unlike his brothers, Adam was a university-educated architectural engineer.
Roberts, having largely been "a stage actor, accustomed as he was to a rigorous diet of the classics"
[10]
and to freely move about from part to part, found the "transition to a television series", playing the same character, "without costume changes", a difficult one.
[3]
"It was perhaps not surprising that, despite enormous success, he left
Bonanza
after the 1964?65 season, criticizing the show's simple-minded content and lack of minority actors...".
[10]
It particularly distressed him that his character, a man in his 30s, had to defer continually to the wishes of his widowed father,
[11]
and he reportedly disliked the series itself, calling it "junk" television
[5]
and accusing NBC of "perpetuating banality and contributing to the dehumanization of the industry."
[5]
The equally self-critical Roberts ("I guess I'll never be satisfied with my own work"
[12]
), "had long disdained the medium's commercialization of his craft and its mass-production, assembly-line mindset."
[13]
Frustrated with
Bonanza
and angry, he told a reporter in 1965, "I feel I'm an aristocrat in my field of endeavor. My being part of
Bonanza
was like
Isaac Stern
sitting in with
Lawrence Welk
".
[14]
In much later interviews, Roberts denied statements about
Bonanza
attributed to him. "I did not enjoy
Bonanza
anymore...but I never said those things people said I said."
[15]
He was, however, "too wise not to recognize its weaknesses."
[16]
In a 1963 interview, he asked a reporter, "Isn't it a bit silly for three adult males to have to ask father's permission for everything they do?"
[17]
"They told me the four characters (
Lorne Greene
, patriarch Ben,
Dan Blocker
and
Michael Landon
as his brothers) would be carefully defined and the scripts carefully prepared; none of it ever happened," he complained to the
Associated Press
in 1964.
[
citation needed
]
He objected to how
Bonanza
portrayed the relationship between the "father" and adult "sons", describing it as "adolescent".
[18]
[
better source needed
]
Roberts acknowledged reasons for
Bonanza'
s appeal, but pointed to his personal need for story lines with greater social relevance, adult themes, and dialogue. He wanted
Bonanza
to be "a little more grown up" (
Mike Douglas Show
, 1966). He also noted that he was not suited to the "procedural" and "confining aspect" of series television, another reason for his dissatisfaction, while on the show.(
Mike Douglas Show,
1966)
Roberts had high hopes for what he could contribute to
Bonanza
and was disappointed with the direction of the show, and the limitations imposed on his
Bonanza
character and on his acting range. In a newspaper interview, he said, "I haven't grown at all since the series began...I have an impotent role. Wherever I turn there's the father image."
[19]
Finally, after disagreements with writers and producers over the quality of the scripts, characterization, and
Bonanza'
s refusal to allow him to perform elsewhere while on contract, Roberts "turned his back on Hollywood wisdom and well-meant advice," and left, largely to return to legitimate theater.
[20]
[21]
Roberts fulfilled, but did not extend his six-year contract for
Bonanza
, and when he left the series, his character was eliminated with the explanation that Adam had "moved away."
[11]
Later episodes suggested variously that Adam was "at sea", had moved to Europe, or was on the East Coast, running that end of the family business. The last episode Pernell Roberts worked on was "Dead and Gone", air date April 4, 1965. He appeared in the next two that aired, which were filmed prior to "Dead and Gone" ? "A Good Night's Rest", air date April 11, 1965, and "To Own The World", air date April 18, 1965. Adam Cartwright was mentioned on occasion in the series (including a 1967 episode that did not air until April 4, 1971 ("Kingdom of Fear").
Bonanza producer
David Dortort
described Roberts as "rebellious, outspoken... and aloof," but as one who "could make any scene he was in better...". In a later archive interview, he regretted not having insisted on a "marriage for Adam" and having Roberts continue on the show as a semiregular. He added, "I must confess..I was too hard on him. I did not appreciate him. I knew he was good, but I didn't realize he was that good...none better."
[22]
In the last two
Bonanza
movies that aired on NBC in the early 1990s, the story line stated that Adam, now in Australia, had equaled his father's success, dominating the engineering/construction business.
Singing
[
edit
]
| This section
needs expansion
with: with singing not related to his six years on the
Bonanza
TV series show, 1959-1966. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
February 2024
)
|
Roberts was the only accomplished singer of the original cast, though
David Canary
, who joined
Bonanza
in 1967, had a background in voice and performed on Broadway. During Roberts'
Bonanza
years, he recorded
Come All Ye Fair and Tender Ladies
, a
folk music
album, which
AllMusic
calls "...the softer, lyrical side of folk music ? pleasant and not challenging, but quite rewarding in its unassuming way."
[23]
The album, released by
RCA Victor
and arranged by
Dick Rosmini
, is available on compact disc only as part of the fourth disc of the
Bonanza
4-CD
boxed set
on
Bear Family Records
.
[24]
On the
Bonanza
box-set albums, Roberts also sings "Early One Morning", "In the Pines", "The New Born King", "The Bold Soldier", "Mary Ann", "
They Call the Wind Maria
", "Sylvie", "Lily of the West", "The Water is Wide", "Rake and a Ramblin' Boy", "A Quiet Girl", "Shady Grove", "Alberta", and "Empty Pocket Blues".
Mixed theatre, film and television
[
edit
]
After
Bonanza
, Roberts played
summer stock theatre
, regional theaters, and episodic TV, which gave him the opportunity to play a wide variety of roles. He toured with musicals such as
The King and I
,
Kiss Me Kate
,
Camelot
, and
The Music Man
, and dramas such as
Tiny Alice
. He played Jigger in an ABC television presentation of
Carousel
and was featured in a CBS Playhouse production,
Dear Friends
.
In 1967, Roberts starred in the lavish, but short-lived
David Merrick
production of
Mata Hari
, directed by
Vincente Minnelli
. The show had a much-publicized "chaotic" preview performance due to technical problems stemming from lack of rehearsal time at the National Theatre in Washington, DC, where the preview performance took place. "What was offered the people of Washington was a dress rehearsal. David Merrick spoke to the audience beforehand warning them of this."
[25]
Problems were corrected by the official opening night, when the show received good reviews for Roberts, musical score and lyrics, stage design, and costumes, but poor reviews for its co-star and other aspects of the production.
[26]
The show, nevertheless, was thought to have the potential to continue to Broadway. "
Mata Hari
was a show with a great story, two fascinating characters, and some accessory mess that could have easily been tidied up by anyone but Vincente Minnelli." But Merrick, "instead of bringing someone to clean house closed the production down".
[27]
In 1972, Roberts returned to Broadway and toured with
Ingrid Bergman
in
Captain Brassbound's Conversion
, in which he played the title role.
[28]
"Particularly helpful is Pernell Roberts in the acted-upon title role... This actor is a sturdy, not unamusing leading-man type and may his appearance as a Bergman costar be rewarded beyond
Bonanza
."
[29]
In 1973, Roberts was nominated for a
Joseph Jefferson Award
for his performance in
Welcome Home
at the Ivanhoe Theatre in Chicago.
[10]
The same year, Roberts starred as
Rhett Butler
opposite
Lesley Ann Warren
, in another major production,
Gone with the Wind,
at the
Chandler Pavilion
in Los Angeles, again receiving good personal reviews, amidst weak reviews for the rest of the show.
[30]
His additional stage credits after
Bonanza
include
Two for the Seesaw
,
A Thousand Clowns
,
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
,
Any Wednesday
,
and
The Sound of Music
(as
Captain von Trapp
). He did
The Night of the Iguana
while still playing in
Bonanza
in 1963.
In television interviews, Roberts said that he would have stayed with
Bonanza
, had he been allowed to do so on a part-time basis to enable him to return to theater.
[31]
Roberts played Jim Conrad, the lead role, in the 1971 TV movie that served as a pilot for the series
San Francisco International Airport
, though the role was played by Lloyd Bridges in the actual episodes of the series. Roberts guest-starred in TV shows such as
The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.
,
The Virginian
,
The Big Valley
,
Lancer
,
Mission: Impossible
(four episodes),
Have Gun ? Will Travel
,
Marcus Welby, M.D.
,
The Wild Wild West
,
Ironside
(two episodes),
The Rockford Files
,
Gunsmoke
,
Mannix
,
Vega$
,
The Odd Couple
,
Hawaii Five-O
,
The Love Boat
,
Hotel
,
The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries
,
Nakia
,
Night Gallery
,
The Bold Ones
,
The Quest,
Police Story,
Most Wanted,
Westside Medical,
Man from Atlantis
,
Jigsaw John,
Sixth Sense,
Quincy, M.E.
The Feather and Father Gang
,
Hawkins,
Men from Shiloh,
Perry Mason
,
Wide World of Mystery,
and
The Six Million Dollar Man,
and appeared in miniseries, including
Captains and the Kings
,
Centennial
,
The Immigrants
, and
Around the World in 80 Days
.
He starred in two cult films,
Four Rode Out
(1971) and
Kashmiri Run
(1970), directed by veteran TV director John Peyser, and other feature films, including
The Magic of Lassie
(1978). He co-starred or was featured in several TV movies, including,
The Adventures of Nick Carter,
Dead Man on the Run,
Assignment Vienna
'
s pilot
Assignment: Munich
,
The Night Rider,
The Silent Gun,
The Lives of Jenny Dolan
,
The Deadly Tower
,
Hot Rod
,
Desperado,
The Bravos,
and
High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane
.
Trapper John, M.D.
[
edit
]
In 1979, Roberts again achieved "superstar" status
[
according to whom?
]
as the lead in
Trapper John, M.D.
(1979?1986),
[16]
receiving an
Emmy
nomination in 1981; and playing the character twice as long as
Wayne Rogers
had (1972?1975) on
CBS
'
s
M*A*S*H
series. Roberts told
TV Guide
in 1979 that he chose to return to weekly television after watching his father age and realizing that it was a vulnerable time to be without financial security. "The show allowed Roberts both to use his dramatic range and to address issues," wrote
The Independent
.
In the 1980s and 1990s, playing off his
Trapper John M.D.
persona, Roberts acted as TV spokesman for
Ecotrin
, a brand of
analgesic
tablets. His roles since included
Donor
(1990) with
Melissa Gilbert
and
Checkered Flag
(1990). He appeared as captain of the CBS teams for
Battle of the Network Stars 11 and 12
.
[
citation needed
]
Of the period between series, Roberts said he enjoyed moving around and playing different characters. During that time, he also toured university campuses conducting seminars on play production, acting, and poetry.
[32]
Final roles
[
edit
]
In 1980, Roberts reunited with his former Bonanza co-star Lorne Greene, for two episodes of
Vega$
.
In 1988, Roberts co-starred with
Milla Jovovich
in the TV movie
The Night Train to Kathmandu
.
He guest-starred as Hezekiah Horn in the powerful
Young Riders
episode, "Requiem for a Hero", for which he won a
Western Heritage Award
in 1991.
[33]
In interviews, Roberts had described television as a "director's and film cutter's medium,"
[34]
but he himself was described as a "born television actor........low key."
[16]
He narrated documentaries, including the
National Geographic
episode, "Alaska, The Great Land" in 1965, "In the Realm of the Alligator" in 1986, the TV special
Code One
about the work of paramedics in 1989, and "The Mountain Men" episode of the
History Channel
, 1999.
From 1991 to 1993, in his last venture into series television, Roberts lent his distinctive voice to host and narrate the TV anthology series,
FBI: The Untold Stories
. He made his last TV appearance in 1997 on an episode of
Diagnosis: Murder
, updating a
Mannix
character he had portrayed decades before.
In his later life, and after the death of all of his former
Bonanza
co-stars, Roberts "jokingly referred to himself as, 'Pernell, the last one, Roberts.'"
[5]
He read
Bonanza Gold Magazine
, which was like looking at an old family album, he said, and watched reruns of
Bonanza
when he wanted to see old friends.
[35]
Personal life and death
[
edit
]
Roberts married four times,
[5]
first in 1951 to Vera Mowry — a
professor
of
theatre history
at
Washington State University
and subsequently
Hunter College
, as well as professor emerita of the PhD program in theatre at
City University of New York
[36]
? with whom he had his only child (Jonathan Christopher "Chris" Roberts).
[8]
Roberts and his first wife later divorced.
[37]
Chris Roberts attended
Franconia College
. He died in a motorcycle accident in 1989.
[38]
Roberts married Judith Anna LeBrecque on October 15, 1962; they divorced in 1971.
[39]
He subsequently married Kara Knack in 1972, divorcing in 1996.
At the time of his death from
pancreatic cancer
on January 24, 2010, Roberts was married to Eleanor Criswell.
[5]
[40]
Selected filmography
[
edit
]
Film
[
edit
]
- Desire Under the Elms
(1958) - Peter Cabot
- The Sheepman
(1958) - Chocktaw Neal
- Ride Lonesome
(1959) - Sam Boone
- The Errand Boy
(1961) - Adam Cartwright - Cameo (uncredited)
- The Silent Gun
(1969, TV Movie) - Sam Benner
- Four Rode Out
(1970) - U.S. Marshal Ross
- The Kashmiri Run
(1970) - Gregory Nelson
- The Bravos
(1972, TV Movie) - Jackson Buckley
- Adventures of Nick Carter
(1972 TV Movie) - Neal Duncan
- Assignment: Munich
(1972, TV Movie) - C. C. Bryan
- Dead Man on the Run
(1975, TV Movie) - Brock Dillon
- The Deadly Tower
(1975, TV Movie) - Lieutenant Lee
- The Lives of Jenny Dolan
(1975, TV Movie) - Camera Shop Proprietor
- Paco
(1976) - Pompiho
- Charlie Cobb: Nice Night for a Hanging
(1977 TV Movie) - Sheriff Yates
- The Magic of Lassie
(1978) - Jamison
- The Immigrants
(1978, TV Movie) - Anthony Cassala
- The Night Rider
(1979, TV Movie) - Alex Sheridan
- Hot Rod
(1979, TV Movie) - Sheriff Marsden
- High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane
(1980, TV Movie) - Marshal J. D. Ward
- Incident at Crestridge
(1981, TV Movie) - Mayor Hill
- Desperado
(1987, TV Movie) - Marshal Dancey
- The Night Train to Kathmandu
(1988, TV Movie) - Prof. Harry Hadley-Smithe
- Perry Mason: The Case of the All-Star Assassin
(1989, TV Movie) - Thatcher Horton
- Donor
(1990, TV Movie) - Dr. Martingale
- Checkered Flag
(1990) - Andrew Valiant
Partial television credits
[
edit
]
- Bonanza
(1959?1965) - Adam Cartwright
- One Step Beyond
(1959) - Sgt. Vaill
- Gunsmoke
(1967) - Stranger in Town (as hired killer, Dave Reeves)
- The Big Valley
- 2 episodes, Cage of Eagles as Madigan and Run of the Cat as Ed Tanner
- Hawaii Five-O
(1971) - The Grandstand Play - as Lon Phillips (pro baseball player)
- Cannon
(1976) 5x18 The House Of Cards as Sid Cleary / Phil Denton
- Barnaby Jones
(1977) - Testament of Power - as Daniel Matthews
- Man from Atlantis
(1977) - S1/E10 "Shoot-Out At Land's End" - as Clint Hollister
- Vegas
(1978?1980) - 3 episodes
- Mannix
(TV series) (1973) - “Little Lost Girl” as George Fallon
- Hawkins
(TV series) (1974) - “Candidate for Murder"
- Centennial
(1978) - series 1, episodes 4, 5 - as Gen. Asher
- Trapper John, M.D.
(1979?1986) - Trapper John McIntyre
- The Love Boat
(1980) - The Mallory Quest
- Diagnosis: Murder
(1994?1997) - George Fallon / Dr. Elliott Valin (final appearance)
References
[
edit
]
46. Demetria Fulton previewed Roberts in Barnaby Jones; episode titled, “Testament of Power”(01/20/1977).
- ^
Bergan, Ronald (January 26, 2010).
"Pernell Roberts Obituary"
.
The Guardian
. London
. Retrieved
October 24,
2020
.
- ^
a
b
Dobuzinskis, Alex (January 25, 2010).
"
"Bonanza" Star Pernell Roberts Dies At 81"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
January 4,
2014
.
- ^
a
b
Duke, Alan (January 26, 2010).
"Pernell Roberts, 'Bonanza' and 'Trapper John' star, dies"
.
CNN
. Retrieved
May 22,
2010
.
- ^
"
'Bonanza' star Pernell Roberts dead at age 81"
.
Today
. January 25, 2010. Archived from
the original
on January 28, 2010
. Retrieved
October 24,
2020
– via MSNBC.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Pernell Roberts, Star of TV's 'Bonanza,' Dies at 81
The New York Times
via
Internet Archive
. Retrieved November 2, 2023.
- ^
"Roberts Has Busy Time"
The Washington Post
. September 24, 1950; Page L2.
- ^
Coe, Richard L. "Big Season On For Shakespeare",
The Washington Post and Times-Herald
; July 8, 1956, pg, H3.
- ^
a
b
c
"Pernell Roberts"
.
Bonanza.dcanary.com
. Archived from
the original
on January 29, 2010.
- ^
Carlson, Michael (February 1, 2010).
"Pernell Roberts: Versatile actor best known as Adam Cartwright of 'Bonanza'
"
.
The Independent
. London.
Archived
from the original on May 25, 2022.
- ^
a
b
c
Simonson, Robert
(January 26, 2010).
"Pernell Roberts, Serious-Minded Actor of Stage and Television, Dies at 81"
.
Playbill
. Archived from
the original
on January 29, 2010.
- ^
a
b
"Pernell Roberts, TV actor"
.
The Philadelphia Inquirer
. January 26, 2009.
- ^
Temple, Wick. "Bonanza's Adam Now in Camelot".
Chicago Tribune
; August 19, 1965, p.A2.
- ^
Prince, Jeff (January 26, 2010).
"Pernell Roberts Ghost Rides In Sky"
.
Fort Worth Weekly
.
- ^
"Ponderosa Gold Under A Painted Sky," Joanne Stang, p. 305 in "Popular Culture," by David Manning, 1975
- ^
Holsopple, Barbara (July 8, 1979).
"Trapper John: 30 Years After 'MASH'
"
.
The Pittsburgh Press
.
- ^
a
b
c
Whitney, Dwight (October 30, 1982). "What makes Pernell Roberts so angry?".
TV Guide
. p. 37.
- ^
The Washington Post
, January 25, 2010
- ^
Mike Douglas Show, 1966
[
when?
]
- ^
Laurent, Lawrence. "This Time Pernell Won't Need a Tuba",
The Washington Post
. May 1, 1963.
- ^
The Washington Post
, January 25, 2010;
New York Daily News
January 26, 2010;
Mike Douglas Show
,
1965, 1966
- ^
Henry Darrow
archival interview;
USA Today
, January 25, 2010)
- ^
(Archive Interview 2002; Bonanza, The Official First Season, Volume 1, Feature, CBS/Paramount, 2009)
- ^
Come All Ye Fair and Tender Ladies
.
Accessed October 28, 2008.
- ^
Bear Family boxed set
Accessed November 7, 2008
- ^
Minnelli, Vincente
; Hector Arce (1974).
I Remember It Well
. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. p.
378
.
ISBN
978-0-385-09522-8
.
- ^
"Old Fashioned Mata Hari Opens".
The Washington Post and Times-Herald
. November 22, 1967. p. B6.
- ^
Morrden, Ethan (April 7, 2015).
Opening A New Window: The Broadway Musical in the 1960s
. St. Martin's. p. 205.
ISBN
978-1-4668-9346-7
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- ^
Beaufort, John (March 17, 1972). "Miss Bergman on Stage".
The Christian Science Monitor
. p. 4.
- ^
Coe, Richard L. (March 14, 1972). "Dated 'Captain Brassbound'
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The Washington Post
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Lewis, Dan (August 30, 1973). "The Confederacy Falls At the Pavilion".
Los Angeles Times
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- ^
Lewis, Dan (September 17, 1979). "Monday".
Waycross Journal-Herald
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- ^
"Western Heritage Awards"
.
National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
. Archived from
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on March 5, 2005.
- ^
Leonard, Vince. "Cartwrights Meant Cartwheels",
The Pittsburgh Press
; April 28, 1967.
- ^
Bonanza Gold Magazine
, 2005.
- ^
"Vera Mowry Roberts Chair in American Theatre Announced at 90th Birthday Celebration"
(Press release). City University of New York. December 2003. Archived from
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on September 9, 2006.
- ^
"Pernell Roberts FAQ"
. Archived from the original on October 28, 2009
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{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link
)
- ^
"The Big List of Names"
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Franconia College
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. Retrieved
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Johnson, Milt.
TV Radio Mirror 1963
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Woo, Elaine (January 25, 2010).
"Pernell Roberts, Adam Cartwright on "Bonanza," dead at 81"
.
Los Angeles Times
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.
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