Small naval vessel
A
patrol boat
(also referred to as a
patrol craft
,
patrol ship
, or
patrol vessel
) is a relatively small
naval vessel
generally designed for
coastal defence
,
border security
, or
law enforcement
. There are many designs for patrol boats, and they generally range in size. They may be operated by a nation's
navy
,
coast guard
,
police
, or
customs
, and may be intended for marine ("
blue water
"),
estuarine
("
green water
"), or river ("
brown water
") environments.
Per their name, patrol boats are primarily used to patrol a country's
exclusive economic zone
(EEZ), but they may also be used in other roles, such as anti-
smuggling
, anti-
piracy
,
fishery
patrols,
immigration law
enforcement, or
search and rescue
. Depending on the size, organization, and capabilities of a nation's armed forces, the importance of patrol boats may range from minor support vessels that are part of a coast guard, to flagships that make up a majority of a navy's fleet. Their small size and relatively low cost make them one of the most common naval vessels in the world.
Classification
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The classification of a patrol boat is often subjective, but they are generally small naval vessels that are used to patrol national waters or a certain
jurisdiction
. They may be as large as a
corvette
or even a
frigate
, though the term may also be used for vessels as small as a
yacht
or
rigid inflatable boat
. They can include
fast attack craft
,
torpedo boats
, and
missile boats
. They may be broadly classified as inshore patrol vessels (IPVs) or offshore patrol vessels (OPVs). OPVs and medium size cutters are usually the smallest ship in a navy's fleet that are large and seaworthy enough to patrol off-shore in the open
ocean
, while IPVs are typically too small to do so and are instead kept in
lakes
or
rivers
, or close to
coasts
; IPVs specifically used in rivers can also be called "riverine patrol vessels". Large patrol vessels, Heavy patrol vessels and Large cutters are the largest type of patrol ships and are typically more than 100 m (330 ft) in length.
Seagoing patrol boats are typically around 30 m (100 ft) in length and usually carry a single medium caliber
artillery gun
as main armament, and a variety of lighter secondary armament such as
machine guns
, while others include the sophisticated
close-in weapon system
. Depending on their role, vessels in this class may also have more sophisticated sensors and
fire control
systems that would enable them to carry
torpedoes
,
anti-ship missiles
, and
surface-to-air missiles
.
[1]
History
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During both World Wars, in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming
motorboats
and seagoing
fishing trawlers
with machine guns and obsolete naval weapons. Some modern patrol vessels are still based on fishing and leisure boats.
The
United States Navy
operated the
Pegasus
class
of armed hydrofoils for years in a patrol boat role. During the
Vietnam War
, the U.S. Navy ordered 193 aluminum hulled
Patrol Craft, Fast
(PCFs),
[2]
also known as
Swiftboats
, for brown water naval operations. The
Patrol Boat, River
(PBR, sometimes called "Riverine" and "Pibber") was a fiberglass hulled vessel also designed and used for inland river operations during the Vietnam War, and became an icon of water operations during the war due to its use in the 1979 film
Apocalypse Now
.
Most modern designs are powered by
gas turbine
arrangements such as
CODAG
, and speeds are generally in the 25?30 knots (46?56 km/h; 29?35 mph) range. The largest OPVs might also have a
flight deck
and
helicopter
embarked. In times of crisis or war, these vessels are expected to support the larger vessels in a navy, though some smaller navies are mostly composed of just patrol boats.
Specific nations
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Albania
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Algeria
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Argentina
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Australia
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Others
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Bahamas
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Bahrain
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35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships, Commissioned in 2021
[3]
Bangladesh
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The Bangladesh Navy classified its medium size patrol ships as
large patrol craft (LPC)
which are armed with either
anti-ship missiles
or
torpedoes
. Those ships typically have heavier armaments but less range than OPVs.
[4]
[5]
- Large patrol craft
- Offshore patrol vessel
- Inshore patrol vessel
- ASW
patrol boat
- Patrol gunboat
- Offshore patrol vessel
- Inshore patrol vessel
- Fast patrol vessel
- Coastal patrol vessel
- Riverine patrol craft
- Patrol vessel
Belgium
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- Castor
(in Dutch)
(2014?present)
- Pollux
(in Dutch)
(2015?present)
Brazil
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Brunei
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- Darussalam
-class
offshore patrol vessel
- Ijtihad
-class
patrol vessel
- KH 27-class patrol boat
- FDB 512-class
patrol boat
- Bendaharu-class patrol vessel
- Perwira-class patrol vessel
- Saleha-class patrol vessel
- Pahlawan-class patrol vessel
Bulgaria
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Canada
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Cape Verde
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Chile
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China (PRC)
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Colombia
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- Diligente-class patrol boat
- Nodriza-class patrol boat
- PAF-I-class patrol boat
- PAF-II-class patrol boat
- PAF-III-class patrol boat
- PAF-IV
-class patrol boat
- Patrullera Fluvial Ligera-class patrol boat
- Riohacha-class gunboat
- Fassmer-80 class
? built in Colombia by COTECMAR
Croatia
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Denmark
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Ecuador
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Egypt
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- 35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships
Eritrea
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Others
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Finland
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France
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- Trident-class patrol boat
- Geranium-class patrol boat
- Jonquille-class patrol boat
- Vedette-class patrol boat
- Petulante-class patrol craft
- Pavois-class patrol craft
Germany
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Greece
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- Sa'ar 4 class
[13]
? acting as offshore patrol vessels (OPV)
- Stan Patrol 5509
OPV
- Vosper Europatrol 250 Mk1 OPV
- Abeking & Rasmussen patrol vessels ? class
Dilos
- POB-24G patrol vessels ? class
Faiakas
- CB90-HCG
- Lambro 57
and derivatives ? all being boats for coastal patrols
Honduras
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Hong Kong (SARPRC)
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Iceland
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India
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Indonesia
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- FPB 28
,
Indonesian Police
and
Indonesian Customs
, 28 meter long patrol boat made by local shipyard
PT PAL
.
- FPB 38
, Indonesian Customs, 38 meter long aluminium patrol boat made by local shipyard PT PAL.
- FPB 57
,
Indonesian Navy
, 57 meter long patrol boat designed by
Lurssen
and made by PT PAL, ASM and heli deck equipped for some version.
- PC-40
, Indonesian Navy, 40 meter long FRP/Aluminum patrol boat, locally made by in house Navy's workshop.
- PC-60 trimaran
, Indonesian Navy, 63-meter-long composite material, is armed with 120 km range of anti-ship missile, made by PT Lundin industry
- OPV 80
- 80 meter long, designed by Terafulk and made by PT Citra Shipyard
- OPV 110 (Tanjung Datu-class)
- 110 meter long, made by PT Palindo Marine Shipyard
Iraq
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35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships, during the period 2010 - 2014
[14]
Ireland
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List of Irish Naval Service vessels;
[15]
Israel
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Italy
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Jamaica
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Japan
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- Shikishima
(
Japan Coast Guard
), the 2nd largest patrol boat
- Mizuho
class
(Japan Coast Guard), large patrol vessel with helicopter deck and hangar
- Tsugaru
class
(Japan Coast Guard), large patrol vessel with helicopter deck and hangar
- Hida
class
(Japan Coast Guard), high-speed large patrol vessel with helicopter deck
- Kunigami
class
(
Kunisaki
class)
- Iwami
class
- Hateruma
class
- Aso
class
(Japan Coast Guard), high-speed large patrol vessel
- Amami
class
(Japan Coast Guard), medium-sized patrol vessel
- Hayabusa
class
(
JMSDF
, Japanese Navy),
corvette
type patrol vessel
- S?ya
, (Japan Coast Guard),
icebreaker
- Next-Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) program
(
JMSDF
, Japanese Navy)
Latvia
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Malaysia
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- Kedah
class
offshore patrol vessel, (
Royal Malaysian Navy
)
- Keris-class littoral mission ship
,(Royal Malaysian Navy)
- Gagah Class Ship,
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Ramunia Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Nusa Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Sipadan Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Rhu Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Pengawal Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Peninjau Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Pelindung Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Semilang Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Penggalang Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Penyelamat Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Pengaman Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Kilat Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Malawali Class Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- Langkawi Class Patrol Ship, Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
Malta
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Mexico
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- Coastal patrol boat
- Offshore patrol vessel
Montenegro
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Morocco
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Namibia
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Netherlands
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New Zealand
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Nicaragua
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Norway
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Peru
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Philippines
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Portugal
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- Bolina-class
- Levante-class
- Tufao-class
- Calmaria-class
- Bojador-class
- Ribamar-class
- Zodiaco-class
- Mar Creta-class
Qatar
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Qatari Emiri Navy
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Qatari Ministry of Interior
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- ARES 75
- ARES 110
- ARES 150
Romania
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Russia
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- Stenka class patrol boat
(Project 02059),
Russian Navy
and Russian Coast Guard
- Bogomol Class patrol boat
(Project 02065), Russian Navy
- Mirage class patrol vessel
(Project 14310), Russian Coast Guard
- Svetlyak class patrol boat
(Project 10410),
Russian Coast Guard
- Ogonek class patrol boat
(Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard
- Mangust class patrol boat
(Project 12150, Russian Coast Guard
- Sobol class patrol boat
(Project 12200), Russian Coast Guard
- Terrier class patrol boat
(Project 14170), Russian Navy and Russian Coast Guard
- Rubin class patrol boat
(Project 22460), Russian Coast Guard
- Okean class patrol vessel
(Project 22100), Russian Coast Guard
- Vosh class river patrol craft
(Project 12481), Russian Coast Guard
- Piyavka class river patrol craft
(Project 1249), Russian Coast Guard
- Ogonek class river patrol craft
(Project 12130), Russian Coast Guard
- Project 22160 patrol ship
, Russian Navy large patrol boat
Senegal
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- Fouladou
(OPV 190), Senegalese Navy
- Kedougou
(OPV 45), Senegalese Navy
- Ferlo
(RPB 33), Senegalese Navy
- Conejera
(Class Conejera P 31), Senegalese Navy
- Fouta
(Osprey 55), Senegalese Navy
- Njambuur
(PR 72), Senegalese Navy
Singapore
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Slovenia
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South Africa
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South Korea (ROK)
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Spain
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Sri Lanka
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Suriname
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Sweden
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- Hugin-class
(based on the Norwegian
Storm-class
, decommissioned) ? 16 ships
- Kaparen-class
(Hugin-class modified with better subhunting capacity, decommissioned) ? 8 ships
- Stockholm-class
(commissioned as corvettes, later converted to patrol boats) ? 2 ships
- HMS Carlskrona
(commissioned as minelayer, later converted to ocean patrol vessel)
Additionally, the
Royal Swedish Navy
also operates smaller types of patrol boats (Swedish:
bevakningsbat
= "guard boat"):
The
Swedish Coast Guard
operate an additional 22 patrol vessels for maritime surveillance.
Thailand
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Trinidad and Tobago
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Turkey
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- KAAN 15 class
- KAAN 19 class
- KAAN 29 class
- KAAN 33 class
- SAR 33 class
- SAR 35 class
- 80 class
- Corvette
United Kingdom
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United States
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United States Navy
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United States Coast Guard
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Venezuela
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Vietnam
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- Type TT-120 patrol boat,
Vietnam Coast Guard
- Type TT-200 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
- Type TT-400 patrol boat, Vietnam Coast Guard
- DN 2000(Damen 9014 class) offshore patrol vessels, Vietnam Coast Guard
References
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