Brazilian beed of horse
The
Pampa Horse
is a Brazilian
breed
of
riding
,
sport
and
working horse
.
[1]
: 493
It combines the
conformational
characteristics of
Brazilian Horses
that are
gaited
with a
pinto
spotting pattern of white and dark
coat colors
. Developed from a base of spotted horses of the
Mangalarga Marchador
,
Campolina
, Brazilian crossbred horses, and others. It is a
color breed
: only pinto horses may be registered.
History
[
edit
]
As the Pampa is a spotted breed of Brazilian horse, its history begins with the introduction of this coat color pattern in Brazil. Though there is no record of a precise date for the arrival of these types of horses, it is believed that the color pattern was introduced with the first horses brought by Spanish settlers to
South America
(such as the
Andalusian horse
and
Jaca Navarra
),
[2]
which is also where breeds such as the
Criollo
[2]
and
Campeiro
[3]
originated). The pattern may have been introduced with a few horses of
Barb horse
origin brought by
Portuguese
settlers, or by horses from Holland brought to north-eastern Brazil during the
Dutch invasion
in and after 1629.
[4]
The origin of the Pampa horse name and Tobiano coat color come from the same man, the
Brazilian
Brigadier
and horse breeder
Rafael Tobias de Aguiar
, who bred
pinto horses
in the mid-19th century.
Brigadier
Rafael Tobias de Aguiar
led the
Liberal Revolution
in Brazil, along with Father
Diogo Antonio Feijo
combatting the rise of the Conservatives during the early reign of
Dom Pedro II
. He was defeated by the imperial forces in the
Sorocaba
province, and fled with his army and his horses to
Rio Grande do Sul
, to join the rebels of the
Ragamuffin War
. However, six months after having fled the Sorocaba province, Tobias was arrested in
Palmeira das Missoes
and taken to the Laje Fortress, in
Rio de Janeiro
.
[5]
Tobiano
Tobias, in his passage through Rio Grande do Sul, presented a gaucho farmer of
Cruz Alta
with one of his spotted horses, and because of that and the fact that he passed through the towns and villages of the Rio Grande do Sul with his spotted horses, the horses of this type became known in this region as Tobias' horses, which eventually evolved into "Tobian" Horses, or
Cavalos Tobianos
, and this denomination eventually made its way throughout South America all the way to North America.
When the pinto horses of the soldiers that accompanied the Brigadier returned to Sao Paulo, they became gradually known throughout the country as the horses of the
Pampas
,
[4]
the predominant biome of
Rio Grande do Sul
(occupying about 63% of the state territory), where Tobias fled.
The same man ended up being responsible for both denominations, even if not intentionally: While traveling from Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul with his horses, he ended up spreading the "Pampa" name, since the horses were originary from the Pampa biome in Rio Grande do Sul. The "Tobiano" name appeared almost simultaneously, due to the direct association made between the breed and the Brigadier himself, who always traveled with his personal stud of Pampa horses.
A breed association, the
Associacao Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalo Pampa
, was formed in 1993.
[6]
Characteristics
[
edit
]
The Pampa horse can only be registered based on certain physical characteristics, not only on color.
[7]
There are separate accounts that cite an Argentinian horse of the pampas that had small stature. This breed, however, was not Brazilian-bred from a stock brought by the Spaniards to the colonies. One of the detailed descriptions stated that this breed had "intelligent and fiery eyes, clean legs, round feet, and well-set sloping shoulders, long pasterns, and silky manes and tails."
[8]
It is said to be prized for its size and endurance. There are documents that describe how this horse performed well in the plains but will struggle in the mountain country.
[9]
Nevertheless, historical records show that despite its build, the horse was noted for its speed and endurance.
[10]
- ^
a
b
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016).
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
(sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI.
ISBN
9781780647944
.
- ^
a
b
"Criollo Horse History"
.
Brazilian Association of Criollo Horse Breeders = 2015-09-21
.
- ^
"Campeiro Horse History"
.
Cavalo Campeiro
. Retrieved
2015-09-21
.
- ^
a
b
Lucio Sergio Andrade (2013).
Origem do Pampa
(in Portuguese). Associacao Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalo Pampa. Archived 20 September 2013.
- ^
"Brigadier Rafael Tobias de Aguiar"
.
InfoEscola
. Retrieved
2015-09-23
.
- ^
[s.n.] (2013).
Historico
(in Portuguese). Associacao Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalo Pampa. Archived 20 September 2013.
- ^
Andre Galvao Cintra (September 2013).
"Racas de Cavalos criadas no Brasil / Horses breed raised in Brazil"
(PDF)
(in Portuguese). Animal Business Brasil da Sociedade Nacional de Agricultura.
- ^
Living Age, 5th Series
. Boston: Littell, Son and Company. 1890. p. 824.
- ^
Walpole, Frederick (1849).
Four Years in the Pacific in Her Majesty's Ship "Collingwood", from 1844 to 1848, Volume 1
. Richard Bentley. p. 150.
- ^
Adams, Charles (1893).
Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia: A New Edition, Volume 1
. New York: A.J. Johnson Company. p. 306.
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These are the
horse breeds
considered in Brazil to be wholly or partly of Brazilian origin.
Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively Brazilian.
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