Paenitentiale Bedae
|
---|
Folio 96v from the
Selestat
manuscript (Cod. 132), showing the beginning of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
|
Also known as
| Paenitentiale Pseudo-Bedae
|
---|
Audience
| Catholic clergy
|
---|
Language
| medieval Latin
|
---|
Date
| ca. 730?
|
---|
Authenticity
| questionable
|
---|
Manuscript(s)
| four, plus fragments
|
---|
Genre
| penitential
,
canon law collection
|
---|
Subject
| ecclesiastical and lay discipline; ecclesiastical and lay penance
|
---|
The
Paenitentiale Bedae
(also known as the
Paenitentiale Pseudo-Bedae
, or more commonly as either Bede's penitential or the Bedan penitential) is an early
medieval
penitential
handbook composed around 730, possibly by the Anglo-Saxon monk
Bede
.
Background
[
edit
]
| This section is empty.
You can help by
adding to it
.
(
March 2014
)
|
Authorship
[
edit
]
| This section is empty.
You can help by
adding to it
.
(
March 2014
)
|
Sources
[
edit
]
| This section is empty.
You can help by
adding to it
.
(
March 2014
)
|
Manuscripts and transmission
[
edit
]
There are four extant manuscripts that contain the
Paenitentiale Bedae
, all dating to the ninth century, ranging geographically from northeastern France to the Main river region. The sigla given below (
W
9
,
Z
2
, etc.) are those introduced by Reinhard Haggenmuller.
Siglum
|
Manuscript
|
Contents
|
Mp
2
|
Montpellier, Bibliotheque universitaire (Faculte de Medecine), MS 387, fols 1?80
(written middle of ninth century northeastern Francia)
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
Se
2
|
Selestat, Bibliotheque humaniste, MS 132
(written middle of ninth century, possibly in
Mainz
)
|
rites for
exorcism
; incantations;
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
;
Paenitentiale Bedae
;
Excarpsus Cummeani
|
T
5
|
Stuttgart, Wurttembergische Landesbibliothek, Codex Fragm. 100 A, w, x, y and z + Darmstadt, Hessische Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek, MS 895 fragm. + Donaueschingen, Hofbibliothek, MS 925 Fragm.
[1]
(written about 800 probably in northern Italy)
|
Epitome Hispana
(fragmentary; excerpts);
[2]
Paenitentiale Oxoniense II
(fragmentary);
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
(prologue and c. 4.15 only, possibly once followed by further
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
material); a series of penitential excerpts
[3]
(fragmentary; including excerpts from
Paenitentiale Umbrense
book I,
Paenitentiale Cummeani
, and
Paenitentiale Burgundense
);
Paenitentiale Bedae
[4]
(first preface and first sentence of second preface
[5]
only, possibly once followed by further
Paenitentiale Bedae
material)
|
W
9
|
Vienna
,
Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek
, Codex lat. 2223 (written beginning of ninth century in the
Main
river region)
|
Paenitentiale Theodori
(U version);
Paenitentiale Bedae
;
Paenitentiale Cummeani
(excerpt);
Capitula iudiciorum
(previously known as the
Poenitentiale XXXV capitulorum
);
Libellus responsionum
; miscellaneous creedal and theological works;
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
|
Z
2
|
Zurich, Zentralbibliothek, Car. C 176 (D 64), fols 1?136 (written ca 850×875 in eastern Francia)
|
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
|
Haggenmuller divided the four main surviving witnesses of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
into two groups, based broadly on the regions in which they were produced, the nature and arrangement of their accompanying texts, and shared readings in the
Paenitentiale Bedae
itself.:
[6]
the 'Rhine-Main river' group consists of the oldest manuscripts (
W
9
and
Se
1
), while the 'East-Frankish' group (
Mp
2
and
Z
2
) represents a slightly older tradition.
The
Paenitentiale Bedae
is also transmitted in somewhat altered form as part of two later penitential texts known as the
Vorstufe des Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
(or Preliminary Stage of the Unified Bedan-Ecgberhtine Penitential, in which the
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
is affixed to the end of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
) and the
Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
(or Unified Bedan-Ecgberhtine Penitential; like the Preliminary Stage, but the whole is now preceded by the prefaces of both the
Paenitentiale Bedae
and the
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
), and in greatly altered form in the still later
Paenitentiale mixtum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
(or Merged Bedan-Ecgberhtine Penitential, in which the chapters of both the
Paenitentiale Bedae
and the
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
are mixed together and arranged by topic).
Reception
[
edit
]
| This section is empty.
You can help by
adding to it
.
(
March 2014
)
|
Editions
[
edit
]
The
Paenitentiale Bedae
itself has been edited twice and reprinted once:
- F.W.H. Wasserschleben, ed.,
Die Bussordnungen der abendlandischen Kirche
(Halle, 1851)
, pp. 220?30, printing from
W
9
. This edition is currently standard.
- W. Stubbs with A.W. Haddan, eds,
Councils and ecclesiastical documents relating to Great Britain and Ireland
, vol. 3 (Oxford, 1873)
, pp. 326?34, reprinting Wasserschleben's edition of
W
9
.
- H.J. Schmitz, ed.,
Die Bussbucher und die Bussdisciplin der Kirche, nach handschriftlichen Quellen dargestellt
(Mainz, 1883)
, pp. 556?64, printing an incomplete text of the
Vorstufe
from Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 12673 (up to c. 5.11), to which is appended a reprint of the final chapters of Wasserschleben's edition of
W
9
.
Much more numerous are editions of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
in the later modified forms mentioned above, namely the
Vorstufe des Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
, the
Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
, and the
Paenitentiale mixtum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
. These works, which present the
Paenitentiale Bedae
material in sometimes greatly modified form, have been edited and reprinted many times since the early modern period.
The
Vorstufe des Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
has been edited four times:
- E. Martene and U. Durand, eds,
Veterum scriptorum et monumentorum historicorum, dogmaticorum, moralium, amplissima collectio ...
, 9 vols (Paris 1724?1733)
, vol. VII, cols 37?49, printing from a now lost
St-Hubert
manuscript.
- H.J. Schmitz, ed.,
Die Bussbucher und die Bussdisciplin der Kirche, nach handschriftlichen Quellen dargestellt
(Mainz, 1883)
, pp. 573?87, printing an incomplete text of the
Vorstufe
from Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 12673.
- H.J. Schmitz, ed.,
Die Bussbucher und die Bussdisciplin der Kirche, nach handschriftlichen Quellen dargestellt
(Mainz, 1883)
, pp. 556?64, printing an incomplete text of the
Vorstufe
from Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 12673 (as above).
- H.J. Schmitz, ed.,
Die Bussbucher und das kanonische Bussverfahren, nach handschriftlichen Quellen dargestellt
(Dusseldorf, 1898)
, pp. 654?59, printing the
Sonderrezension der Vorstufe des Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
from
Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 294, fols 78?136
, with variant readings from the
W
9
text of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
.
The
Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
has been edited three times and reprinted nine times:
- J. Heerwag, ed.,
Opera Bedae Venerabilis ... omnia in octo tomos distincta ...
(Basel, 1563), VIII, cols 1127?34, printing from a now lost manuscript.
- A. Augustin, ed.,
Canones paenitentiales quibus ordine succedunt ...
(Tarragona, 1581)
, pp. 107?19, reprinting Heerwag.
- H. Spelman, with J. Stephens and J. Spelman, eds,
Concilia, decreta, leges, constitutiones in re ecclesiarum orbis Britannici ... ab initio christianæ ibidem religionis, ad nostram usque ætatem ... Tom. I: ... a primis Christi seculis usque ad introitum Normannorum ...
(London, 1639)
, pp. 281?88, reprinting Heerwag.
- Conciliorum omnium generalium et provincialium collectio regia
, 37 vols (Paris, 1644), XVII, pp. 517?29, reprinting Spelman.
- P. Labbe and G. Cossart, eds,
Sacrosancta concilia ad regiam editionem exacta quæ nunc quarta parte prodit auctior
, 16 vols (Paris, 1671?1672)
, VI, cols 1611?1619, reprinting the
Collectio regia
.
- N. Coleti, ed.
Sacrosancta concilia ad regiam editionem exacta, quæ olim quarta parte prodit auctior studio Philip. Labbei, & Gabr. Cossartii ...
, 23 vols (Venice, 1728?1733)
, VIII, cols 359?366, reprinting Labbe?Cossart.
- G.D. Mansi, ed.,
Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio ...
, 31 vols (Florence, 1759?1798; repr. with 22 additional volumes containing supplementary material, Paris and Leipzig, 1901?1927)
, XII, cols 489?498, reprinting Labbe?Cossart.
- J.-P. Migne, ed.,
Patrologiæ cursus completus sive bibliotheca universalis ... omnium SS. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab ævo apostoloca ad usque Innocentii III tempora floruerunt ... series secunda (= Latina) ...
, 217 vols, (Paris, 1844?1864)
, LXXXIX, cols 443?454, reprinting Mansi.
- J.-P. Migne, ed.,
Patrologiæ cursus completus sive bibliotheca universalis ... omnium SS. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab ævo apostoloca ad usque Innocentii III tempora floruerunt ... series secunda (= Latina) ...
, 217 vols, (Paris, 1844?1864)
, XCIV, cols 567?675, reprinting ???.
- J. Morin, ed.,
Commentarius historicus de disciplina in administratione sacramenti poenitentiæ tredecim primis seculis in ecclesia occidentali ...
(Paris, 1651)
, Appendix, pp. 32?6, printing from a now lost Saint-Hubert manuscript.
- B. Albers, "Wann sind die Beda-Egbert’schen Bussbucher verfaßt worden, und wer ist ihr Verfasser?",
Archiv fur katholisches Kirchenrecht
81 (1901), pp. 393?420.
The
Paenitentiale mixtum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
has been edited twice and reprinted twice:
- F.W.H. Wasserschleben,
Beitraege zur Geschichte der vorgratianischen Kirchenrechtsquellen
, (Leipzig, 1839)
, pp. 126?45, printing from
Cologne, Erzbischofliche Diozesan- und Dombibliothek, Codex 118
.
- F. Kunstmann, ed.,
Die Lateinischen Ponitentialbucher der Angelsachsen, mit geschichtlicher Einleitung
, (Mainz, 1844)
, pp. 142?75, printing from
Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 3851
and
Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 3853
.
- F.W.H. Wasserschleben, ed.,
Die Bussordnungen der abendlandischen Kirche
(Halle, 1851)
, pp. 248?83, reprinting Kunstmann's edition of the
Paenitentiale mixtum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
.
- H.J. Schmitz, ed.,
Die Bussbucher und das kanonische Bussverfahren, nach handschriftlichen Quellen dargestellt
(Dusseldorf, 1898)
, pp. 679?701, reprinting Kunstmann's edition of the
Paenitentiale mixtum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
.
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
These seven palimpsest fragments currently contain penitential canons that, some time around the year 800, were written over uncial copies of a lectionary and sacramentary. On the contents and original unity of these fragments, see Korntgen,
Studien
, pp. 98?108.
- ^
The order of contents given here is that of the reconstructed manuscript as presented by Korntgen,
Studien
, pp. 100?108.
- ^
Note that it is not clear on the basis of Korntgen’s reconstruction of this manuscript whether this series is part of the same penitential text as the
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
material that precedes it.
- ^
Haggenmuller,
Die Uberlieferung
, pp. 292?93, has argued that this is the beginning of the
Paenitentiale additivum Pseudo-Bedae?Ecgberhti
; however, it is just as likely that this is an abbreviated version of the two prefaces preceding the
Paenitentiale Bedae
as found in Vienna, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Codex lat. 2223 (see next note).
- ^
The sentence reads:
Institutio illa sancta que fiebat in diebus patrum nostrorum et reliqua
. The origin of the second Bedan preface is controversial. Haggenmuller presumed, without argument (see e.g.
Die Uberlieferung
, pp. 132, 147, 149, 151), that it was merely an abbreviation of the Ecgberhtine prologue (also beginning
Institutio illa
), but it is just as likely that the Ecgberhtine prologue is an expansion of the second Bedan preface. It is significant, for instance, that the earliest extant copy of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
, Vienna, Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Codex lat. 2223, contains the second preface; the three later copies of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
omit it, however. Without stating his reasoning Haggenmuller argued that the second preface had been inserted into Vienna 2223's exemplar, though he declined to explain why this was done. There is thus no compelling reason to agree with Haggenmuller on this point. Rather, the originality of the second Bedan preface should be taken for granted on the authority of the earliest witness (Vienna 2223), until a compelling counter-argument is put forward. There is an obvious explanation as to why the later witnesses of the
Paenitentiale Bedae
omit the second preface. Haggenmuller has already shown that in the second half of the eighth century the
Paenitentiale Bedae
and
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
were in circulation in the same Continental centres, and often in the same manuscripts; they were even being compared against and mixed with each other. In such a scenario, it is easy to imagine scribes choosing not to include the second Bedan preface because they knew it to exist (in what to them seemed like fuller form) as the beginning of the
Paenitentiale Ecgberhti
, which they had already copied out (or were intending to copy out) in the same manuscript. This hypothesis is in fact supported by the present manuscript fragment (
T
5
), which Korntgen’s reconstruction has shown to have contained, first, a full Ecgberhtine prologue, and then later the first and second Bedan prefaces, though the second has been abbreviated to the point of nearly being omitted entirely:
Institutio illa sancta que fiebat in diebus patrum nostrorum
et reliqua
, as if the scribe understood that what was to follow was already known to the reader from earlier on.
T
5
thus seems to represent a transitional form, the missing link between a
Paenitentiale Bedae
with
the second preface and a
Paenitentiale Bedae
without it. There is no doubt that the direction of evolution witnessed by
T
5
points to the gradual obsolescence, rather than the abrupt interpolation, of the second Bedan preface.
- ^
Haggenmuller,
Uberlieferung
, 129?49.
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Reinhold Haggenmuller,
Die Uberlieferung der Beda und Egbert zugeschriebenen Bussbucher
, Europaische Hochschulschriften. Reihe III, Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften 461 (Frankfurt am Main, 1991).
- Ludger Korntgen,
Studien zu den Quellen der fruhmittelalterlichen Bußbucher
, Quellen Und Forschungen Zum Recht Im Mittelalter 7 (Sigmaringen, 1993).
External links
[
edit
]