City in Oregon, United States
City in Oregon, United States
Oregon City
is the
county seat
of
Clackamas County, Oregon
, United States, located on the
Willamette River
near the southern limits of the
Portland metropolitan area
. As of the
2020 census
, the city population was 37,572. Established in 1829 by the
Hudson's Bay Company
, in 1844 it became the first U.S. city west of the
Rocky Mountains
to be incorporated.
History
[
edit
]
Known in recent decades as the site of several large
paper mills
on the
Willamette River
, the city played a significant role in the early history of the
Oregon Country
. It was established by
Hudson's Bay Company
's Dr.
John McLoughlin
in 1829 near the confluence of the
Clackamas River
with the Willamette to take advantage of the power of
Willamette Falls
to run a
lumber mill
. During the 1840s and 1850s it was the destination for those wanting to file
land claims
after traveling the
Oregon Trail
as the last stop on the trail.
[4]
[5]
It was the capital of the
Oregon Territory
from its establishment in 1848 until 1851, and rivaled
Portland
for early supremacy in the area. In 1846, the city's newspaper, the
Oregon Spectator
, was the first American newspaper to be published west of the
Rocky Mountains
.
Oregon City College
was established in 1849 as a
Baptist
school, but was defunct by the 1870s.
[6]
Oregon City was the site of the
Beaver Coins
Mint, producing the short-lived independent Oregon Territory currency in 1849.
[7]
The center of the city retains part of its historic character through the preservation of houses and other buildings from the era of the city's founding.
Former Latin archdiocese
[
edit
]
The town became the see city of the first
Roman Catholic
archdiocese
in the western United States, when the diocese of Oregon City, established in 1846, was raised to
metropolitan
rank, with Archbishop
Francois Norbert Blanchet
as its
ordinary
. Its territory included all of the western United States. The population in the area of Oregon City declined due to the
California Gold Rush
. The population of nearby Portland grew, and the headquarters of the archdiocese was moved there in 1926. In 1928 the name
Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon
replaced the former name. No longer a residential bishopric, Oregon City is now a
titular see
.
[8]
[9]
Images of the evolving town of Oregon City though the 19th century
Geography
[
edit
]
The town is divided into upper and lower areas. The lower area is on a
bench
next to the Willamette River. The upper area is atop a bluff composed of Canemah
basalt
, which flowed about 2.5 million years ago from a vent 7.5 miles (12 km) to the southeast in the
Boring Lava Field
.
[10]
For many years, Indian trails connected the two levels, but stairs were built in the 19th century. In 1915 the town built the water-powered
Oregon City Municipal Elevator
to connect the two parts, which was converted to electricity in the 1920s. In 1952, a new electric elevator was constructed with the specification that it was to be "as plain as possible and without ornament."
[11]
According to the
United States Census Bureau
, the city has a total area of 9.29 square miles (24.06 km
2
), of which 9.05 square miles (23.44 km
2
) is land and 0.24 square miles (0.62 km
2
) is water.
[12]
The major waterways of Oregon City include the
Willamette River
, which flows along the northwest side of the city, and the
Clackamas River
, which merges with the larger Willamette to the north of the city. The Willamette forms the boundary between Oregon City and
West Linn
; the Clackamas serves as the boundary between Oregon City and
Gladstone
.
Willamette Falls
[
edit
]
The
Willamette Falls Locks
in West Linn were the first multi-lift navigational locks in the United States and are now a National Historical Site, no longer in use. The first
long-distance electrical service
in the United States originated in Oregon City in 1889, transmitting electricity 14 miles (23 km) to Portland.
[13]
Climate
[
edit
]
Oregon City has a
Mediterranean climate
(
Koppen
Csb
). The Mediterranean climate regime resembles the climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, parts of western North America, parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa and in parts of central Chile. The climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
The average temperature throughout the year is 55.4 °F (13.0 °C), with the highest average temperature in July and August being 70.8 °F (21.6 °C), and December being the coldest month with an average temperature of 41.8 °F (5.4 °C). The annual precipitation is 44.81 inches (1,138 mm). It is mainly concentrated in winter (November to March), and the precipitation in July and August is obviously much less than in other months. In terms of temperature, there are 122 days with temperatures exceeding 70 °F (21 °C) per year, 18 days with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C), and one high-temperature day exceeding 100 °F (38 °C). However, there is no more than one ice day with the maximum temperature below 32 °F (0 °C) per year. Extreme temperatures range from ?2 °F (?19 °C) on January 31, 1950, to 114 °F (46 °C) on
June 28, 2021
.
Climate data for Oregon City (1991?2020 normals, extremes 1948?present)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °F (°C)
|
66
(19)
|
75
(24)
|
81
(27)
|
92
(33)
|
104
(40)
|
114
(46)
|
108
(42)
|
107
(42)
|
105
(41)
|
96
(36)
|
75
(24)
|
68
(20)
|
114
(46)
|
Mean maximum °F (°C)
|
59.2
(15.1)
|
62.8
(17.1)
|
71.2
(21.8)
|
80.5
(26.9)
|
87.6
(30.9)
|
92.7
(33.7)
|
97.6
(36.4)
|
97.7
(36.5)
|
92.0
(33.3)
|
79.4
(26.3)
|
65.0
(18.3)
|
58.5
(14.7)
|
100.7
(38.2)
|
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
|
48.3
(9.1)
|
52.5
(11.4)
|
58.0
(14.4)
|
63.5
(17.5)
|
70.9
(21.6)
|
76.2
(24.6)
|
83.9
(28.8)
|
84.1
(28.9)
|
77.9
(25.5)
|
64.9
(18.3)
|
53.4
(11.9)
|
47.3
(8.5)
|
65.1
(18.4)
|
Daily mean °F (°C)
|
42.5
(5.8)
|
45.0
(7.2)
|
48.9
(9.4)
|
53.4
(11.9)
|
59.7
(15.4)
|
64.6
(18.1)
|
70.5
(21.4)
|
70.8
(21.6)
|
65.4
(18.6)
|
55.7
(13.2)
|
47.0
(8.3)
|
41.8
(5.4)
|
55.4
(13.0)
|
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
|
36.7
(2.6)
|
37.5
(3.1)
|
39.8
(4.3)
|
43.3
(6.3)
|
48.4
(9.1)
|
52.9
(11.6)
|
57.0
(13.9)
|
57.5
(14.2)
|
52.9
(11.6)
|
46.5
(8.1)
|
40.5
(4.7)
|
36.3
(2.4)
|
45.8
(7.7)
|
Mean minimum °F (°C)
|
25.6
(?3.6)
|
27.2
(?2.7)
|
30.9
(?0.6)
|
33.8
(1.0)
|
39.1
(3.9)
|
44.9
(7.2)
|
49.8
(9.9)
|
48.7
(9.3)
|
43.7
(6.5)
|
35.6
(2.0)
|
29.6
(?1.3)
|
25.3
(?3.7)
|
21.1
(?6.1)
|
Record low °F (°C)
|
?2
(?19)
|
6
(?14)
|
22
(?6)
|
28
(?2)
|
31
(?1)
|
37
(3)
|
40
(4)
|
32
(0)
|
33
(1)
|
24
(?4)
|
9
(?13)
|
6
(?14)
|
?2
(?19)
|
Average
precipitation
inches (mm)
|
6.54
(166)
|
4.46
(113)
|
4.78
(121)
|
3.84
(98)
|
2.54
(65)
|
1.79
(45)
|
0.50
(13)
|
0.56
(14)
|
1.64
(42)
|
4.23
(107)
|
6.73
(171)
|
7.20
(183)
|
44.81
(1,138)
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ 0.01 in)
|
15.8
|
11.9
|
15.2
|
13.5
|
10.1
|
6.7
|
2.6
|
2.4
|
5.2
|
10.0
|
14.5
|
14.8
|
122.7
|
Source:
NOAA
[14]
[15]
|
Economy
[
edit
]
For much of its existence, Oregon City's economy has been dominated by the
forestry
industry, until the decline of the Pacific Northwest lumber industry started in the 1980s. At its height, several mills operated in the city and surrounding communities. The last
paper mill
in the immediate vicinity closed in 2017.
[16]
With the growth of the Portland Metro region, Oregon City has become largely a suburb of Portland. Tourism is a growing sector with the emphasis on the city's history and the major renovation of the
Willamette Falls
area into a public-access, mixed-use space through the Willamette Falls Legacy Project.
[17]
Government
[
edit
]
Oregon City is governed by a Mayor and a City Commission composed of the Mayor and four Commissioners elected from the City at large for terms of four years each.
[18]
Oregon City was the capital of the
Oregon Territory
until 1851; the following governors served during that time:
Education
[
edit
]
The city, and several surrounding communities, is served by the
Oregon City School District
,
[19]
a public school district consisting of 7
elementary schools
, two
middle schools
, a traditional four-year
high school
(
Oregon City High School
), and an alternative secondary school. Several schools in the district offer bilingual
English
/
Spanish
programs. Oregon City High School is the third most populated high school in Oregon, and is a state and national power in girls'
basketball
, winning three consecutive
USA Today
girls' national championships in the 1990s.
[20]
The city also is the home of
Clackamas Community College
, numerous private and parochial schools, and a public library that is part of the
Library Information Network of Clackamas County
.
Points of interest
[
edit
]
Museums and historic buildings
[
edit
]
Museums include the Museum of the Oregon Territory and the End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center, with costumed "living history" guides. The Clackamas County Historical Society archives, housed in the Museum of the Oregon Territory, also include the incorporation
plat
for the city of
San Francisco
. Clackamas Heritage Partners owns and operates these museums, along with the Stevens Crawford Museum. In 2009, Clackamas Heritage Partners announced that it could no longer afford to keep the museums open. The End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center was closed to the public indefinitely in September 2009; the Stevens Crawford Museum and Museum of the Oregon Territory, staffed largely by volunteers, continued to operate on a limited schedule.
[21]
The End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center eventually reopened during the summer of 2013 with the support of grants and donations from numerous sources.
[22]
The Stevens-Crawford Heritage House Museum is a 1908 structure with 11 furnished rooms; exhibiting furniture from the collection of the Clackamas County Historical Society to replicate an Edwardian era home and Progressive Era narrative. Other historical buildings in Oregon City include the
McLoughlin House
, the
Ermatinger House
(oldest in Clackamas County), the
Ainsworth House
, the
Harvey Cross House
, and the
First Congregational Church
.
The
Oregon City Bridge
over the Willamette River, built in 1922, is listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
, as is the
Oregon City Municipal Elevator
.
Parks
[
edit
]
Oregon City has over 22 city parks. One of the city's larger parks is
Clackamette Park
, at the confluence of the Clackamas and Willamette Rivers. The park's features include RV camping, a boat launch and dock, a skateboard park, and other recreational facilities. Several community festivals are held there throughout the year. Other major parks include Chapin, Hillendale,
Jon Storm Park
, Rivercrest, and Wesley Lynn.
Transportation
[
edit
]
Road
[
edit
]
Interstate 205
passes through the city's northern edge, and is the only freeway to serve the city. In addition, three state highways (
Oregon Route 43
,
Oregon Route 99E
, and
Oregon Route 213
) pass through or terminate in Oregon City. The former two serve the city's downtown core, the latter provides service to the southern parts of Oregon City.
Rail
[
edit
]
The
Union Pacific Railroad
mainline passes through the city. The city also has an
Amtrak station
, which is served twice daily in each direction by
Amtrak
Cascades
trains running between Portland and
Eugene, Oregon
. The
Coast Starlight
(Seattle?Los Angeles) passes through but does not stop.
There are no public airports within the city. A small private airfield is along Beavercreek Road, south of Oregon City. Oregon City is served by
Portland International Airport
, 15 miles (24 km) to the north, and by
Portland-Mulino Airport
, a general-aviation facility in the town of
Mulino
, approximately 15 miles (24 km) to the south.
Water
[
edit
]
The Willamette River in Oregon City is
navigable
to small craft, and Oregon City has a thriving fishing and recreational boating industry. The
Willamette Falls Locks
once allowed boats to navigate around the falls. The Clackamas River is not navigable, except for the lowermost portions.
Mass transit
[
edit
]
As part of the greater
Portland metropolitan area
, Oregon City is served by
TriMet
, the regional transit authority, with several bus lines which converge at the
Oregon City Transit Center
. Until 1958, an
interurban
trolley
line operated by the now-defunct
Portland Traction Company
connected Oregon City with Portland;
[23]
remnants of this line are still visible (such as an abandoned bridge across the Clackamas River, just east of the OR 99E bridge). In more recent years, the city operated a "historic trolley" service during the summer months, primarily to serve the needs of tourism, but the vehicles used were
trolley-replica buses
, rather than actual trolley cars, and in 2013 it was decided to discontinue that service and sell the vehicles.
[24]
Two other public agencies provide transit service in Oregon City, supplementing that of TriMet. The
South Clackamas Transportation District
(SCTD) operates a route between Clackamas Community College on the south east end of Oregon City to Molalla, about 18 miles (29 km) south on Oregon Route 213.
Canby Area Transit
(CAT) operates regular service on Oregon Route 99E between the Oregon City Transit Center and Canby.
SMART
, South Metro Area Regional Transit, serving Wilsonville, connects to CAT in Canby. CAT also has service to Woodburn.
Dial-a-Ride
service is operated by TriMet, but CAT also operates within the Oregon City city limits for trips originating or terminating in the CAT service area. If transfers between TriMet and CAT are necessary, they are accomplished at the Oregon City Transit Center (OCTC) at 11th & Main, which is at the northeast end of the downtown area.
Demographics
[
edit
]
2010 census
[
edit
]
Historical population
Census
| Pop.
| Note
| %±
|
1860
| 1,229
| | ?
|
---|
1870
| 1,382
| | 12.4%
|
---|
1880
| 1,262
| | ?8.7%
|
---|
1890
| 3,167
| | 151.0%
|
---|
1900
| 3,494
| | 10.3%
|
---|
1910
| 4,987
| | 42.7%
|
---|
1920
| 5,686
| | 14.0%
|
---|
1930
| 5,761
| | 1.3%
|
---|
1940
| 6,124
| | 6.3%
|
---|
1950
| 7,082
| | 15.6%
|
---|
1960
| 7,996
| | 12.9%
|
---|
1970
| 9,176
| | 14.8%
|
---|
1980
| 14,673
| | 59.9%
|
---|
1990
| 14,698
| | 0.2%
|
---|
2000
| 25,754
| | 75.2%
|
---|
2010
| 31,859
| | 23.7%
|
---|
2020
| 37,572
| | 17.9%
|
---|
As of the
census
[27]
of 2010, there were 31,859 people, 11,973 households, and 8,206 families residing in the city. The
population density
was 3,520.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,359.2/km
2
). There were 12,900 housing units at an average density of 1,425.4 per square mile (550.4/km
2
). The racial makeup of the city was 91.1%
White
, 0.6%
African American
, 0.9%
Native American
, 1.7%
Asian
, 0.2%
Pacific Islander
, 2.3% from
other races
, and 3.1% from two or more races.
Hispanic
or
Latino
of any race were 7.3% of the population.
There were 11,973 households, of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were
married couples
living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.5% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07.
The median age in the city was 36.3 years. 25.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.8% were from 25 to 44; 25.7% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.
2000 census
[
edit
]
As of the census of 2000, there were 25,754 people, 9,471 households, and 6,667 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,163.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,221.6/km
2
). There were 10,110 housing units at an average density of 1,242.0 per square mile (479.5/km
2
). The racial makeup of the city was 92.44% White, 1.12% Asian, 1.08% Native American, 0.58% African American, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 2.15% from other races, and 2.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.98% of the population.
There were 9,471 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $45,531, and the median income for a family was $51,597. Males had a median income of $38,699 versus $29,547 for females. The
per capita income
for the city was $19,870. About 6.5% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the
poverty line
, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.
Neighborhoods
[
edit
]
Oregon City has officially recognized
neighborhood associations
:
[28]
- The Park Place neighborhood is in the Northeast on a bluff overlooking Abernethy Green. Formerly an independent community, Park Place was platted in 1889, and a post office was established the following year. For a while the name was changed to "Parkplace."
[29]
- The Two Rivers neighborhood is the lowest-elevation area of town and is primarily commercial, including downtown Oregon City, the End of the Oregon Trail Visitor's Center at Abernethy Green, and Clackamette Park.
- The McLoughlin neighborhood is on a bluff overlooking downtown and includes many of the older homes in the City including designated sites like the John McLoughlin House. The McLoughlin Neighborhood also includes the public library, pool, and hospital.
- The Elyville neighborhood surrounds the Northern section of Molalla Avenue, the former route of
Oregon Route 213
before it was moved to the Oregon City Bypass to the east. Elyville includes the historic Mountain View Cemetery where many of the oldest pioneer settlers are buried.
- The
Canemah
neighborhood lies along
Oregon Route 99E
, and is a narrow strip of land sandwiched between the Willamette River and a bluff. Canemah was founded in 1845 as an independent city before being annexed into Oregon City. It was the
portage
site around Willamette Falls for many years. It was supposedly named after an
Indian
chief.
[29]
- The Rivercrest neighborhood overlooks the
Willamette River
to the West.
- The South End neighborhood is in the Southwest.
- The Hazel Grove/Westling Farm neighborhood is on the Southern side of the city.
- The Tower Vista neighborhood is also in the South, East of Hazel Grove/Whistling Farm.
- The Hillendale neighborhood lies in the central part of the city and contains the
Clackamas County
government campus.
- The Gaffney Lane neighborhood lies south of Hillendale, centered around the elementary school of the same name.
- The Caufield neighborhood is the farthest southeast and includes
Clackamas Community College
and
Oregon City High School
.
Notable people
[
edit
]
In addition to
John McLoughlin
, the "Father of Oregon" and chief factor of the
Hudson's Bay Company
, and Vietnam-era
Medal of Honor
recipient
Larry G. Dahl
, Oregon City has been home to the following:
- Oregon pioneers
- John C. Ainsworth
(1822?1893), pioneer, businessman, steamship captain
- J. T. Apperson
, steamboat captain, politician
- George H. Atkinson
(1819?1889), pioneer, missionary, co-founder of Pacific University
- Asahel Bush
(1824?1913), pioneer, printer, founder of the Salem
Statesman Journal
- Tabitha Moffatt Brown
(1780?1858), pioneer, co-founder of Pacific University
- John H. Couch
(1811?1870), sea captain and trader
- Philip Foster
(1805?1884), settler and businessman
- Amory Holbrook
(1820?1866), mayor, attorney
- Robert Newell
(1807-1869), fur trapper, mountain man, frontier doctor, newspaper editor, politician, Indian agent
- Peter Skene Ogden
(1790?1854), explorer and fur trader
- Samuel Parker
(1806?1886), politician, pioneer
- Peter G. Stewart
(1809?1900), pioneer, politician, watchmaker
- William G. T'Vault
(1806?1869), pioneer, postmaster, publisher
- Aaron E. Waite
(1813?1898), pioneer, first chief justice of the state of Oregon
- Alvin F. Waller
(1808?1872), pioneer, missionary
- Political activists
- William Simon U'Ren
(1859-1949), lawyer, known as the Father of the Oregon System of government.
- Writers
- Performing artists
- Businesspeople
|
- Athletes
- Brian Burres
(born 1981), major league baseball pitcher
- Jeff Charleston
(born 1983), professional football player
- Ed Coleman
(1901?1964), major league baseball player
- Rich Fellers
(born 1959), Olympic equestrian
[30]
- Jeff Lahti
(born 1956), major league baseball pitcher
- Matt Lindland
(born 1970), Olympic silver medalist in wrestling, mixed martial artist
- Dan Monson
(born 1961), basketball coach
- Jonah Nickerson
(born 1985), pitcher for the Oregon State Beavers voted Most Outstanding Player of 2006 College World Series
- Dean Peters
(1958?1998), professional wrestler, alias "Brady Boone"
- Brad Tinsley
(1989?), basketball player
- Trevor Wilson
(born 1966), former major-league pitcher for the San Francisco Giants and Anaheim Angels
- Lindsey Yamasaki
(born 1980), professional women's basketball player
|
Sister cities
[
edit
]
According to
Sister Cities International
, Oregon City has one
sister city
:
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"
. United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
October 12,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Oregon City, Oregon
- ^
a
b
"Census Population API"
. United States Census Bureau
. Retrieved
October 12,
2022
.
- ^
"The Oregon Trail: Oregon City"
. Archived from
the original
on July 23, 2011.
- ^
"America's Byways: Historic Columbia River Highway"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on June 20, 2007
. Retrieved
April 17,
2007
.
- ^
Lange, Erwin F. (December 1936). "Oregon City Private Schools, 1843-59".
Oregon Historical Quarterly
.
37
(4). Oregon Historical Society: 317?323.
JSTOR
20611017
.
- ^
"Rare minted-in-Oregon 'beaver coin' sells for $125,000"
.
KATU
. January 24, 2006.
Archived
from the original on October 10, 2007
. Retrieved
July 5,
2007
.
- ^
Annuario Pontificio 2013
(Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013,
ISBN
978-88-209-9070-1
), p. 945
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External links
[
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