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Orders of magnitude (frequency) - Wikipedia Jump to content

Orders of magnitude (frequency)

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The following list illustrates various frequencies , measured in hertz , according to decade in the order of their magnitudes, with the negative decades illustrated by events and positive decades by acoustic or electromagnetic uses.

Factor
( Hz ) 		Multiple Value Item
10 ?18 1 attohertz (aHz) ~2.2978 aHz The Hubble constant (once in 13.8 billion years)
10 ?17 10 aHz ~79 aHz Supercontinent cycle (about every 400 million years)
10 ?16 100 aHz ~137.8 aHz Once per galactic year (about every 230 million years)
10 ?15 1 femtohertz (fHz) ~3 fHz Sound waves created by a supermassive black hole in the Perseus cluster [1]
10 ?14 10 fHz ~31.71 fHz Once every one million years
10 ?12 1 picohertz (pHz) 1.23 pHz Precession of the Earth's axis (about every 25,700 years)
10 ?11 10 pHz ~31.71 pHz Once per millennium
10 ?10 100 pHz ~317.1 pHz Once per century
10 ?9 1 nanohertz (nHz) ~1 nHz Once per generation (about every 30 years)
~2.9 nHz Average solar cycle (about every 11 years)
~3.171 nHz Once per decade
10 ?8 10 nHz 11.6699016 nHz Once in a blue moon [2]
~31.71 nHz Yearly (or Earth's orbital frequency )
10 ?7 100 nHz ~380.5 nHz Monthly (or the Moon's orbital frequency )
~413 nHz Average menstrual cycle (28 days)
10 ?6 1 microhertz (μHz) ~1.653 μHz Weekly
10 ?5 10 μHz ~11.57 μHz Daily (or Earth's rotation frequency )
10 ?4 100 μHz ~277.8 μHz Hourly
10 ?2 1 centihertz (cHz) ~16.667 mHz One rpm
10 ?1 1 decihertz (dHz) 189 mHz Acoustic – frequency of G ?7 , the lowest note sung by the singer with the deepest voice in the world, Tim Storms . His vocal cords vibrate 1 time every 5.29 seconds.
10 0 1 hertz (Hz) 1 to 1.66 Hz Approximate frequency of an adult human's resting heart beat
1 Hz 60  bpm , common tempo in music
2 Hz 120  bpm , common tempo in music
~7.83 Hz Fundamental frequency of the Schumann resonances
10 1 10 hertz 10 Hz Cyclic rate of a typical automobile engine at idle (equivalent to 600 rpm )
12 Hz Acoustic – the lowest possible frequency that a human can hear [3]
18 Hz Average house cat's purr
24 Hz Common frame rate of movies
27.5 Hz Acoustic – the lowest musical note ( A 0 ) playable on a normally-tuned standard piano
50 Hz Electromagnetic  – standard AC mains power (European AC, Tokyo AC),
refresh rate of PAL and SECAM CRT televisions
60 Hz Electromagnetic  – standard AC mains power (American AC, Osaka AC),
refresh rate of NTSC CRT televisions and standard refresh rate of computer monitors
10 2 100 Hz 100 Hz Cyclic rate of a typical automobile engine at redline (equivalent to 6000  rpm )
261.626 Hz Acoustic – the musical note middle C (C 4 )
440 Hz Acoustic – concert pitch ( A above middle C; A 4 ), used for tuning musical instruments
716 Hz Rotational period of one of the fastest known millisecond pulsars , PSR J1748?2446ad [4]
10 3 1 kilohertz (kHz) 1 kHz Usual frequency of a bleep censor
4.186 kHz Acoustic – the highest musical note ( C 8 ) playable on a normally-tuned standard piano
8 kHz ISDN sampling rate
10 4 10 kHz 14 kHz Acoustic – the typical upper limit of adult human hearing
17.4 kHz Acoustic – a frequency known as the Mosquito , which is generally only audible to those under the age of 24.
25.1 kHz Acoustic – G 10 , the highest pitch sung by Georgia Brown , who has a vocal range of 8 octaves.
44.1 kHz Common audio sampling frequency
10 5 100 kHz 740 kHz The clock speed of the world's first commercial microprocessor , the Intel 4004 (1971)
10 6 1 megahertz (MHz) 530 kHz to 1.710 MHz Electromagnetic – AM radio broadcasts
1 MHz to 8 MHz Clock speeds of early home / personal computers (mid-1970s to mid-1980s)
10 7 10 MHz 13.56 MHz Electromagnetic – near field communication
10 8 100 MHz 88 MHz to 108 MHz Electromagnetic – FM radio broadcasts
902 to 928 MHz Electromagnetic  – common cordless telephone frequency in the US
10 9 1 gigahertz (GHz) 1.42 GHz Electromagnetic  – the hyperfine transition of hydrogen, also known as the hydrogen line or 21 cm line
2.4 GHz Electromagnetic  – microwave ovens , wireless LANs and cordless phones (starting in 1998)
2.6?3.8 GHz A common desktop CPU speed as of 2014
5.8 GHz Electromagnetic  – cordless telephone frequency introduced in 2003
10 10 10 GHz 3 GHz to 30 GHz Electromagnetic  – super high frequency
60 GHz Electromagnetic – 60 GHz Wi-Fi (WiGig) introduced in 2010
10 11 100 GHz 160.2 GHz Electromagnetic  – peak of cosmic microwave background radiation
845 GHz Fastest transistor (December 2006). [5] [6]
10 12 1 terahertz (THz) The terahertz gap
10 13 10 THz 21 THz to 33 THz Electromagnetic  – infrared light used in thermal imaging , for example for night vision
31.5 THz Electromagnetic  – peak of black-body radiation emitted by human body
10 14 100 THz 400 THz to 790 THz Electromagnetic – visible light , from red to violet
10 15 1 petahertz (PHz) 2.47 PHz Electromagnetic  – Lyman-alpha line
10 16 10 PHz 30 PHz Electromagnetic  – X-rays
10 17 100 PHz
10 18 1 exahertz (EHz)
10 19 10 EHz
10 20 100 EHz 300 EHz + Electromagnetic  – gamma rays
10 21 1 zettahertz (ZHz) 36 ZHz Resonance width of the rho meson
10 24 1 yottahertz (YHz)
10 27 1 ronnahertz (RHz) 3.9 RHz Highest energy (16 TeV) gamma ray detected, from Markarian 501
10 30 1 quettahertz (QHz)
10 43 10 trillion QHz 18.5 trillion Qhz The unit of inverse time (or frequency) in the system of Planck units

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ "Black Hole Sound Waves  – NASA Science" .
  2. ^ Google Calculator result for "once in a blue moon"
  3. ^ 20 Hz is considered the normal low frequency limit of human hearing. When pure sine waves are reproduced under ideal conditions and at very high volume, a human listener will be able to identify tones as low as 12 Hz. Olson, Harry F. (1967). Music, Physics and Engineering . Dover Publications. p. 249. ISBN   0-486-21769-8 .
  4. ^ Hessels, J. W. T.; Ransom, S. M.; Stairs, I. H.; Freire, P. C.; Kaspi, V. M.; Camilo, F. (2006). "A Radio Pulsar Spinning at 716 Hz". Science . 311 (5769): 1901?1904. arXiv : astro-ph/0601337 . Bibcode : 2006Sci...311.1901H . doi : 10.1126/science.1123430 . PMID   16410486 . S2CID   14945340 .
  5. ^ "Fastest Transistor Approaches Terahertz Speed" . Highbeam . 2007-01-01. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05.
  6. ^ "World's fastest transistor approaches goal of terahertz device" . Illinois News Bureau . December 11, 2006.
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