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Award
Order of the Sun of Peru
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Type
| Order of merit
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Awarded for
| Civil and military merit
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Description
| Purple ribbon
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Presented by
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Republic of Peru
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Eligibility
| All
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Status
| Currently awarded
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Established
| 8 October 1821, discontinued 1825,
re-established 1921
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Ribbon of the Order
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Next (higher)
| None (highest)
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Next (lower)
| Order of Merit for Distinguished Service
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The
Order of the Sun of Peru
(Spanish:
Orden El Sol del Peru
), formerly known as the
Order of the Sun
, is the highest award bestowed by the nation of
Peru
to commend notable civil and military merit. The award is the oldest civilian award in the
Americas
, first being established in 1821.
History
[
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]
The Order was originally instituted on 8 October 1821 by
General Jose de San Martin
upon reaching
Lima
, to recognize those who had distinguished themselves in the campaign against the
Spanish Royalists
. The three classes of appointment to the Order were, in descending order of precedence: Founder, Meritorious and Associate.
It was discontinued four years later, after many grantees started to use the award as a
nobility
title, similar to the earlier Castile titles awarded by the colonial government. The Congress issued a law abolishing the Order of the Sun on 9 May 1825.
In 1921, the Order was re-established to commemorate the Centennial of Peruvian Independence.
Classes
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The award consists of the following classes:
- Grand Collar
- Grand Cross with Diamonds
- Grand Cross
- Grand Officer
- Commander
- Officer
- Knight
Ribbon bars
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Grand Collar
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Grand Cross with Diamonds
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Grand Cross
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Grand Officer
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Commander
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Officer
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Knight
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Notable recipients
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Royalty
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- King
Philip VI of Spain
, invested as a Grand Cross (17 October 1991) and later promoted to Grand Collar (7 July 2015)
- Emir
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
of Qatar, Grand Collar (13 February 2014)
- King
Abdullah II of Jordan
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (23 May 2005)
- King
Mohammed VI of Morocco
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (30 November 2004)
- Queen Letizia of Spain
(as Princess of Asturias), Grand Cross (5 July 2004)
- Prince
Albert II of Monaco
(as Hereditary Prince), Grand Cross (25 November 2003)
- King
Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan
of Malaysia, Grand Cross with Diamonds (8 November 1996)
- King
Rama IX
of Thailand, Grand Cross with Diamonds (8 November 1996)
- Prince Michael of Kent
, Grand Cross (2 November 1994)
- King
Rama X
of Thailand, Grand Cross (10 April 1993)
- Emperor
Akihito
, invested as a Grand Cross (11 May 1967) and later promoted to Grand Cross with Diamonds (13 March 1992)
- Empress
Michiko
, Grand Cross (13 March 1992)
- Queen Sofia of Spain
, Grand Cross (17 October 1991)
- King
Juan Carlos I of Spain
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (8 November 1978)
- Emperor
Haile Selassie
, Grand Cross (1966)
- King
Albert II of Belgium
(as
Prince of Liege
), Grand Cross (23 October 1965)
- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (13 February 1962)
- Empress
Nagako
, Grand Cross (24 April 1961)
- Queen
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1960)
- King
Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
- King Edward VIII of Great Britain (as Prince of Wales), Grand Cross (1931)
- Maharaja
Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala
(1925)
- King Alfonso XIII of Spain, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1923)
- King
Gustaf V of Sweden
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1923)
- King
Christian X of Denmark
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- King
Albert I of Belgium
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- King
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- King
Haakon VII of Norway
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- Emperor
Yoshihito of Japan
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- King
Ferdinand I of Romania
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- King Leopold III of Belgium (as Prince of Belgium), Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
Other people
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- Antonio Fernando Lulli Avalos
, Grand Cross
- Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
- Ramon Miranda Ampuero
- Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold
- Francois Mitterrand
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (9 October 1987)
- Javier Perez de Cuellar
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (29 March 1984)
- Leonid Brezhnev
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (9 June 1978)
- Carlos Andres Perez
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (11 November 1976)
- Nicolae Ceau?escu
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (14 September 1973)
- Patricia Nixon
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (23 June 1971)
- Charles de Gaulle
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (15 December 1969)
- G. E. Berrios
- Leonid Brezhnev
- Fernando Belaunde Terry
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (20 July 1963)
- Ernesto Burzagli
- Rosa Campuzano
- Arturo "Zambo" Cavero
- Eduardo Frei
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (13 November 1964)
- Pietro Gasparri
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- Friedrich Ebert
, Grand Cross with Diamonds (1922)
- Gerardo Chavez
- Rafael Correa
- Roberto Danino
- Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco
- Placido Domingo
- Juan Diego Florez
- Francisco Estevanez Rodriguez
- Frank Freyer
- Charles de Gaulle
- Pablo Grimberg Umansky
- Herbert Hervey, 5th Marquess of Bristol
- Thor Heyerdahl
- Guillermo Hillcoat
- Daisaku Ikeda
- Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner
- Alexei Kosygin
- Sergey Lavrov
- Lee Hsien Loong
- Martin Vizcarra
- Paul McCartney
- George Marshall
- Dmitry Medvedev
- Jose Mujica
- Pat Nixon
, 1970
[1]
- Valentin Paniagua
- Chiang Kai-Shek
- George Papandreou
- Maria Reiche
- Ford O. Rogers
- Maria Rostworowski
- Manuela Saenz
- Haile Selassie
- John F. Shafroth Jr.
- Yma Sumac
- Fernando de Szyszlo
- Herman Braun-Vega
- Julio C. Tello
- Valentina Tereshkova
- Danilo Turk
- Donald Tusk
- Somchai Wongsawat
- Gian Marco Zignago
- Mahathir Mohamad
- Yasuhiro Nakasone
Notes
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References
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Africa
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Americas
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Asia
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Europe
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Oceania
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