Hymn tune
Old 100th
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Genre
| Hymn
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Written
| 1551
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Meter
| 8.8.8.8
(L.M.)
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An audio example of the tune.
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"
Old 100th
" or "
Old Hundredth
" (also known as "
Old Hundred
") is a
hymn tune
in
long metre
, from the second edition of the
Genevan Psalter
. It is one of the best known melodies in many occidental
Christian
musical traditions. The tune is usually attributed to the French composer
Louis Bourgeois
(
c.
1510
?
c.
1560).
Although the tune was first associated with
Psalm 134
in the
Genevan Psalter
, the melody receives its current name from an association with the
100th
Psalm
, in a translation by
William Kethe
entitled "All People that on Earth do Dwell". The melody is also sung to various other lyrics, including the
Common Doxology
and various German Lutheran chorales. In that latter respect it was used by
Johann Sebastian Bach
as a
cantus firmus
in his chorale cantata
Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir
(BWV 130)
.
Background
[
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]
The
Genevan Psalter
was compiled over a number of years in the
Swiss
city of
Geneva
, a center of
Protestant
activity during the
Reformation
, in response to the teaching of
John Calvin
that communal singing of
psalms
in the
vernacular
language is a foundational aspect of church life.
[1]
This contrasted with the prevailing Catholic practice at the time in which sacred texts were
chanted
in
Latin
by the clergy only.
[2]
Calvinist musicians including Bourgeois supplied many new melodies and adapted others from sources both sacred and secular. The final version of this psalter was completed in 1562.
[3]
Calvin intended the melodies to be sung in
plainsong
during church services, but harmonized versions were provided for singing at home.
Lyrics
[
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]
The original lyrics set to this tune in the Genevan Psalter are a paraphrase of Psalm 134:
Or, in English translation:
[4]
You faithful servants of the Lord,
sing out his praise with one accord,
while serving him with all your might
and keeping vigil through the night.
Unto his house lift up your hand
and to the Lord your praises send.
May God who made the earth and sky
bestow his blessings from on high.
Old 100th is commonly used to sing the lyrics that begin "All People That on Earth Do Dwell,"
Psalm 100
, a version that originated in the Anglo-Genevan Psalter (1561) and is attributed to the Scottish clergyman
William Kethe
.
[5]
Kethe was in exile at
Geneva
at this time, as the
Scottish Reformation
was only just beginning. The first verse is as follows:
[6]
All people that on earth do dwell,
Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice;
Him serve with mirth, His praise forth tell;
Come ye before Him and rejoice.
This version was sung at the
coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
in 1953, with harmonization and arrangement by the composer
Ralph Vaughan Williams
.
A hymn commonly sung to Old 100th is "Praise God, from Whom All Blessings Flow," using the text often referred to as the
Doxology
, written in 1674 by
Thomas Ken
, a bishop in the
Church of England
.
[7]
This hymn was originally the final verse of a longer hymn entitled "
Awake, My Soul, and With the Sun
,"
[8]
though it is most commonly sung by itself as a
doxology
. The traditional text is:
Praise God, from Whom all blessings flow;
Praise Him, all creatures here below;
Praise Him above, ye heavenly host;
Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
Modernized versions of that text are also widely used. The melody can be used for any hymn text in
long meter
, that is, with four lines of eight syllables in
iambic feet
. The hymn
From all that dwell below the skies
, a paraphrasing of
Psalm 117
by
Isaac Watts
with the Doxology as the final verse, is commonly sung to the tune.
[9]
In the
Sacred Harp
and other
shape note
singing traditions, the tune is sung with the text "O Come, Loud Anthems Let Us Sing," a metrical paraphrase of
Psalm 95
from
Tate and Brady
's
A New Version of the Psalms of David.
The popular
Hawaiian
version
Ho?onani i ka Makua mau
was translated by
Hiram Bingham I
and is published in hymnals.
[10]
Tune
[
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]
The tune first appeared in the Genevan Psalter, coupled with French metrical text for Psalm 134. Over the years, the tune was sometimes rhythmically modified. Below it is as set by Johann Sebastian Bach in the final movement of his cantata
Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir
(BWV 130).
In other works
[
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]
- Voluntary on the Old Hundredth
? also called
The 100th Psalm tune. Set as a Lesson
. This is an organ piece using the psalm tune as a theme, not unlike a
chorale prelude
, and was meant for church use. Authorship is somewhat dubious, the piece was either written by
John Blow
or his student
Henry Purcell
.
- "Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir", a hymn in twelve stanzas by
Paul Eber
after
Philipp Melanchthon
's "
Dicimus grates tibi
", for
Michaelmas
, is sung to the same tune (
Zahn
No. 368).
Johann Sebastian Bach
harmonized this hymn in the
chorale cantata
BWV 130
, and in the
four-part chorales
BWV 326 and BWV 327.
[11]
[12]
- Hubert Parry
?
Three Chorale Fantasias
is based on the Old 100th.
- Virgil Thomson
? quoted in several movements of his score for
The Plow that Broke the Plains
(1936).
- Paul Hindemith
? quoted in his
Trauermusik
(January 1936).
[13]
- Benjamin Britten
? 1948 cantata
St Nicolas
- David Maslanka
? Symphony No. 4
- Frank Ticheli
? Angels in the Architecture
- Felix Mendelssohn
? Piano Trio in C minor Op 66, 4th movement Finale
- Ralph Vaughan Williams
? The Old 100th Psalm Tune ("All people that on earth do dwell") ? originally composed for the 1953 coronation of Queen Elizabeth II; with a brass fanfare and borrowing a
fauxbourdon
setting by
John Dowland
.
[14]
- The 1893 song "
The Volunteer Organist
" by
George Spaulding
features the Old Hundredth in its refrain - it is played by the piano and is harmonised to an original vocal melody.
- In
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
by
Mark Twain
, the congregation sings "Old Hundredth" (called "Old Hundred" here) to celebrate the reappearance of
Tom Sawyer
,
Huck Finn
and Joe Harper at the funeral service being held for them after they had gone missing and were presumed dead.
- Patrick O'Brian
makes frequent reference to it in his
Aubrey?Maturin series
of historical fiction novels, as being one of the traditional hymns sung by the sailors on Sundays.
[15]
"Old Hundred" was the first work transmitted by telephone during Graham Bell first demo at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Boston, May 10, 1876).
[16]
See also
[
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]
References
[
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]
- ^
Schuler, Dr. Louis E. "Duck".
"History of the Genevan Psalter ? Part 1"
.
Credenda/Agenda
, vol.13, no.1 (2007).
Archived
June 12, 2007, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
"Introduction to the Genevan Psalter"
.
The Genevan Psalter
. Archived from
the original
on 2010-03-28
. Retrieved
2008-02-19
.
- ^
Havergal, William Henry (1854).
A history of the old hundredth psalm tune, with specimens.
Mason Brothers. p. 13.
- ^
"The Genevan Psalter"
. Archived from
the original
on February 5, 2008
. Retrieved
2008-02-19
.
- ^
"William Kethe"
.
The CyberHymnal
. Retrieved
2019-03-25
.
- ^
"All People that on Earth Do Dwell"
.
Hymnary
. Retrieved
2017-08-26
.
- ^
"Thomas Ken"
.
The CyberHymnal
. Retrieved
2019-03-25
.
- ^
"Praise God, from Whom All Blessings Flow"
.
The CyberHymnal
. Retrieved
2019-03-25
.
- ^
Church Publishing (1985).
The Hymnal, 1982, Volume 2.
Church Publishing, Inc. p. 380.
- ^
Ho?onani i ka Makua mau
at
Hymnary.org
;
Ho?onani i ka Makua mau
at
Huapala.org
- ^
Uwe Wolf
(editor), Henry S. Drinker (translator). "Foreword", p. 4 in
Johann Sebastian Bach: Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir (Lord God, we praise thee all of us) BWV 130
(Partitur/Full score).
Carus, 2015
- ^
Luke Dahn.
BWV 130.6
at
bach-chorales
.com
(2017)
- ^
Michael Steinberg
,
The Concerto
- ^
The Old Hundredth Psalm Tune: All People that on Earth do Dwell
. Oxford University Press. 31 March 1969.
ISBN
978-0-19-354721-6
. Retrieved
28 April
2020
.
- ^
The Hundred Days, p.111 (Vol. Book 19) (Aubrey/Maturin Novels)
By Patrick O'Brian
- ^
Robert V. Bruce, Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude, Cornell University Press, 1973, p.189.
External links
[
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]
Hymns and songs based on
psalms
|
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- Psalm 6
:
Straf mich nicht in deinem Zorn
(Not in Anger, Mighty God)
- Psalm 12 (11)
:
Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein
(O Lord, Look Down from Heaven, Behold)
- Psalm 14 (13)
:
Es spricht der Unweisen Mund wohl
(The Mouth of Fools Doth God Confess)
- Psalm 19 (18)
:
Dein Lob, Herr, ruft der Himmel aus
- Psalm 23 (22)
:
The King of Love My Shepherd Is
,
The Lord's my Shepherd
- Psalm 31 (30)
:
In dich hab ich gehoffet, Herr
- Psalm 36 (35)
:
Herr, deine Gut ist unbegrenzt
- Psalm 39 (38)
:
Lord, let me know mine end
- Psalm 45 (44)
:
Wie schon leuchtet der Morgenstern
(How Lovely Shines the Morning Star)
- Psalm 46 (45)
:
A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
(Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott)
- Psalm 67 (66)
:
Es woll uns Gott genadig sein
(May God Bestow on Us His Grace)
- Psalm 90 (89)
:
Our God, Our Help in Ages Past
- Psalm 98 (97)
:
Nun singt ein neues Lied dem Herren
- Psalm 100 (99)
:
All People that on Earth do Dwell
?
Nun jauchzt dem Herren, alle Welt
- Psalm 103 (102)
:
Praise, my soul, the King of heaven
- Psalm 124 (123)
:
War Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit
(If God Had Not Been on Our Side) ?
Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns halt
- Psalm 130 (129)
:
Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir
(Out of the Depths I Cry to Thee)
- Psalm 133 (132)
:
Hine Ma Tov
- Psalm 136 (135)
:
Let us with a gladsome mind
- Psalm 137 (136)
:
An Wasserflussen Babylon
(By the rivers of Babylon)
- Psalm 138 (137)
:
Mein ganzes Herz erhebet dich
- Psalm 139 (138)
:
Herr, dir ist nichts verborgen
- Psalm 146 (145)
:
Du meine Seele singe
- Psalm 149
:
Singt dem Herrn ein neues Lied
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