Okinawan martial arts
Okinawan martial arts
refers to the
martial arts
, such as
karate
,
tegumi
and
kobud?
, which originated among the indigenous people of
Okinawa Island
. Due to its central location, Okinawa was influenced by various cultures with a long history of trade and cultural exchange, including
Japan
,
China
and
Southeast Asia
, that greatly influenced the development of martial arts on Okinawa.
History
[
edit
]
In 1429, the three kingdoms on Okinawa unified to form the
Kingdom of Ryukyu
. When King
Sh? Shin
came into power in 1477, he banned the practice of martial arts, due to fears of the widespread teaching of the art of deception. T?-te and Ryukyu kobud? (deception) continued to be taught in secret.
[1]
The ban was continued in 1609 after Okinawa was invaded by the
Satsuma Domain
of Japan. The bans contributed to the development of kobud? which uses common household and farming implements as weaponry.
[
citation needed
]
The Okinawans combined Chinese martial arts with the existing local variants to form
T?de
(
唐手
,
Tuudii
, Tang hand, China hand)
, sometimes called
Okinawa-te
(
沖?手
,
Uchinaa-dii
)
.
[2]
By the 18th century, different types of
Te
had developed in three different villages ?
Shuri
,
Naha
and
Tomari
. The styles were named Shuri-te, Naha-te, and Tomari-te, respectively.
Well into the 20th century, the martial arts of Okinawa were generally referred to as
te
and
tii
手
in
Japanese
and
Okinawan
for "hand".
Te
often varied from one town to another, so to distinguish among the various types of
te
, the word was often prefaced with its area of origin; for example, Naha-te, Shuri-te, or Tomari-te.
Shuri-te, Naha-te and Tomari-te belong to a family of martial arts that were collectively defined as
Tode-jutsu
or
To-de.
[3]
[4]
Karate (
Okinawa-te
or
Karate-jutsu
) was systematically taught in Japan after the
Taish?
era (after 1926).
[5]
Shuri-te
[
edit
]
Shuri-te
(
首里手
, Okinawan: Suidii)
is a pre-
World War II
term for a type of indigenous
martial art
to the area around
Shuri
, the old capital city of the
Ryukyu Kingdom
.
Important Okinawan masters of Shuri-te:
Important
kata
:
The successor styles to Shuri-te include
Shotokan
,
Shit?-ry?
,
Sh?rin-ry?
,
Shudokan
,
Shuri-ry?
,
Sh?rinji-ry?
,
Shorei-Ryu
,
G?j?-ry?
,
Isshin-ry?
,
Gensei-ryu
and
Motobu-ry?
.
Tomari-te
[
edit
]
Tomari-te
(
泊手
, Okinawan: Tumai-dii)
refers to a tradition of martial arts originating from the village of
Tomari, Okinawa
.
Important Okinawan masters of Tomari-te:
Important
kata
:
The successor styles to Tomari-te include
Wado-ryu
,
Motobu-ry?
,
Matsubayashi-ryu
and
Sh?rinji-ry?
Naha-te
[
edit
]
Naha-te
(
那覇手
, Okinawan: Naafa-dii)
is a pre-
World War II
term for a type of
martial art
indigenous to the area around
Naha
, the old commercial city of the
Ryukyu Kingdom
and now the capital city of
Okinawa Prefecture
.
Important Okinawan masters of Naha-te:
Important
kata
:
The successor styles to Naha-te include
Sh?rei-ry?
(earliest school),
G?j?-ry?
,
Uechi-ry?
,
Ry?ei-ry?
,
Shito-ryu
and
T?on-ry?
.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
|
---|
|
Origins
| |
---|
Styles
| |
---|
Techniques
| |
---|
Training methods
| |
---|
Culture
| |
---|
Competition
| |
---|
Kata
| |
---|
The Karate Portal
|