From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Month of 1976
The following events occurred in
October 1976
:
October 1, 1976 (Friday)
[
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]
- Hurricane Liza
killed more than 600 people in
Mexico
's
Baja California Peninsula
, striking the resort city of
La Paz, Baja California Sur
where 350 people died, and another 280 in the surrounding area.
[2]
- The U.S. state of
California
became the first in the United States to grant terminally ill hospital patients the right to the "
living will
", where they could opt to withdraw life-sustaining procedures if there was no hope of recovery. Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law after it had passed both houses of the California state legislature.
[3]
- U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
Earl Butz
was
reprimanded
by President Gerald Ford, after racist jokes and remarks that Butz had made against
African
-American
people
, were printed in the magazine
New Times
.
Ford
summoned Butz to the White House for "a rare public upbraiding of a
Cabinet
official" and Butz
apologized
to the lone black U.S. Senator, Edward Brooke. While most newspapers avoided quoting the joke directly, the statement was described as saying that black people wanted "only three things" and that "The things were listed, in order, in obscene, derogatory and scatological terms."
[4]
- The alcohol industry in the United States switched to the
metric system in identifying the volume of liquor
.
[5]
Notably, the
fifth
, (1/5 of a U.S. gallon or 757 milliliters), was replaced by the 750 mL bottle and the pint bottle (1/8 of a gallon or 473 mL) was replaced by the 500 mL bottle.
- Born:
Nasir al-Wuhayshi
, Yemen-born terrorist and leader of
al-Qaeda
in the Arabian peninsula (killed in drone strike 2015)
October 2, 1976 (Saturday)
[
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]
- Argentina
's President
Jorge Rafael Videla
narrowly escaped an assassination attempt by guerrillas who had planted a time-bomb beneath the reviewing stand at the heavily guarded
Campo de Mayo
Army Base near
Buenos Aires
. Videla reviewed a parade of the base's
troops
and made a speech to mark "Army Communications Day", then left the area to inspect a display at a nearby building. Five minutes after the ceremonies ended and the reviewing stand had emptied, the bomb exploded, destroying the stand and the area on which the president had been standing. General Videla, who had continued living on the base after being installed as president, had preceded a speech by the base commander, General Jose Catan, who told the assembled soldiers that the Argentine armed forces were winning the battle against left-wing opponents and said that "the guerrillas have given up trying to attack military bases," a few minutes before the bomb exploded.
[6]
- Danny Thompson
, a shortstop for baseball's
Texas Rangers
, played his final game, after having played for four seasons with
leukemia
. He died on December 10.
- Born:
- Died:
October 3, 1976 (Sunday)
[
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]
October 4, 1976 (Monday)
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]
- Barbara Walters
began work as the first evening national
news anchor
in the U.S., working with
Harry Reasoner
as the co-anchor of
ABC World News Tonight
, still referred to at the time as
ABC Evening News
.
- A group of three gunmen from the
Basque terrorist organization ETA
carried out the
assassination of Juan Maria de Araluce Villar
, his chauffeur, and three policemen in an escort vehicle, as he was departing his home in
San Sebastian
. Araluce, a 59-year-old
Basque
economist and one of the 17 "Counselors of the Realm", was killed along with the others by submachine gun fire.
[12]
- Earl Butz
resigned as U.S. Secretary of Agriculture after both Democrat and Republican politicians called for his departure over racist remarks that he had made.
[13]
- The U.S. Supreme Court voted not to reconsider its July 2 decision in
Gregg v. Georgia
, clearing the way for individual states to carry out death sentences imposed since the original ruling.
[14]
- U.S. President Gerald Ford signed the
Tax Reform Act of 1976
, a bipartisan bill that lowered taxes on corporations and extended payroll tax reductions that had already been in place. The Act reduced the overall tax burden in the U.S. by $18 billion. In addition, it made assignment of social security number mandatory for U.S. citizens for identification for state and federal services.
[15]
- Born:
October 5, 1976 (Tuesday)
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]
- The
United Auto Workers
(UAW) entered into a new labor contract with the
Ford
Motor Company, three weeks after the UAW's 163,000 Ford Motor employees had gone on strike, in what was called "a 'toe in the door' to a four-day workweek in American industry" by labor analyst Arvid Jouppi, in that it provided for 11 of 52 weeks to have paid holidays in 1978 and 13 weeks by 1979 (seven new days off plus six holidays).
[16]
- Born:
- Died:
October 6, 1976 (Wednesday)
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]
- One month after the death of
Mao Zedong
, the new Communist leadership placed "the
Gang of Four
" ? Mao's widow
Jiang Qing
, Communist Party Deputy Chairman
Wang Hongwen
, Deputy Prime Minister
Zhang Chunqiao
, and the party's chief propaganda leader,
Yao Wenyuan
? under arrest, effectively bringing an end to the
Cultural Revolution
that had started ten years earlier in the
People’s Republic of China
.
[19]
After two weeks without comment on rumors, the Chinese government confirmed the arrest of the group in the newspaper
Jenmin Jih Pao
.
[20]
Confirmation of the arrest was not disclosed until the next day when the newspapers first quoted Chairman Hua Guofeng first referred to them as the Gang of Four.
[21]
The cause of arrest was described in posters placed on walls in
Beijing
, which related that a gunman had shot at a convoy of cars earlier in the day in an attempt to assassinate Communist Party Chairman
Hua Guofeng
, and the gunman confessed that he had been hired by the widow of Chairman Mao.
[22]
- All 73 people on
Cubana de Aviacion Flight 455
were killed when a bomb, placed by
anti-Fidel Castro terrorists
, exploded after the plane took off from
Bridgetown
in
Barbados
. The DC-8 had been loaned to Cubana Airlines by
Air Canada
and was flying from Guyana to Cuba, with stops at Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Jamaica. At 2:30 in the afternoon, the pilot reported to the control tower that there had been an explosion on the plane and that he was attempting to return to Bridgetown, but plunged into the Caribbean Sea 11 miles (18 km) short of the return. Two men were arrested in Trinidad the next day after it was found that they had boarded Flight 455 at Trinidad, then got off the flight without luggage and flew back the same day. Hernan Ricardo and Freddy Lugo were both employees of a company in Venezuela, "Commercial Industrial Investigations, that was staffed by Cuban exiles. The Venezuelan government then arrested five of that company's staff on October 15.
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
- In Thailand, student protesters were
killed by right-wing paramilitary troops
and government forces at
Thammasat University
in
Bangkok
, while protesting the return of the nation’s former dictator, General
Thanom Kittikachorn
. The massacre led to the return of the military government.
[27]
- In
San Francisco
, during his second televised debate with
Jimmy Carter
, U.S. President
Gerald Ford
made a key error on national television when he declared that "There is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and there never will be under a Ford administration." At the time, the nations between West Germany and the Soviet Union were occupied by Soviet troops and under control of Communist regimes that followed the guidance of the U.S.S.R.'s Communist Party.
[28]
- Born:
- Died:
Gilbert Ryle
, 76, English philosopher, author of the 1949 book
The Concept of Mind
October 7, 1976 (Thursday)
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]
- Militants fighting against the white-minority Rhodesian government
bombed a railroad bridge
just as a freight train carrying copper ore was passing over the
Matetsi River
. Two of the eight spans on the bridge were destroyed, but the two crew in the locomotive were uninjured, having made it to the other side of the bridge before the bomb went off.
[29]
- Born:
October 8, 1976 (Friday)
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]
October 9, 1976 (Saturday)
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- Retired U.S. Air Force General
Paul Tibbets
, who had flown the
B-29 bomber
that had dropped the
atomic bomb
on
Hiroshima
in Japan on August 6, 1945, re-enacted the event as part of an airshow in
Harlingen, Texas
,
[32]
leading to a protest by Japan's Ambassador to the United States and editorials in the U.S. condemning the show as being in poor taste.
[33]
The three weekend shows had been sponsored by an organization that restored and preserved old airplanes, the "
Confederate Air Force
", which invited Tibbets to fly the restored B-29 and which arranged for a U.S. Army demolition team to set off "an atomic-bomb simulator, a barrel of explosives, sending a miniature mushroom-shaped cloud billowing skyward."
[32]
Tibbets performed the re-enactment twice the next day. The United States government apologized to the Japanese Foreign Ministry five days later.
[34]
- Pittsburgh Pirates
pitcher
Bob Moose
was killed in a car crash on his 29th birthday in
Ohio
.
- Born:
Nick Swardson
, American TV comedian and actor; in
Minneapolis
- Died:
October 10, 1976 (Sunday)
[
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]
- Hsieh Tung-min
, governor at the time of the
Taiwan Province
of Nationalist China (and the future Vice President of the nation itself) was seriously injured by a letter bomb that had been hidden inside a book in the package.
[35]
The explosive had been sent by
Wang Sing-nan
, a 35-year-old Taiwanese native and opponent of the ruling
Kuomintang
. Hsieh's left hand was amputated as a result of his injuries. Hsieh, leader of the Taiwan Provincial Government that encompassed 70 percent of the island, was the first Taiwanese native (as opposed to someone who had come to Taiwan from Mainland China after the Communist revolution in 1949). Wang was sentenced to life imprisonment but would be released in 1990, and would later serve as a leader of the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan's parliament, the
Legislative Yuan
.
- White South African rugby players
Daniel "Cheeky" Watson
and his brother, Valence Watson, defied South Africa's
apartheid
laws that prohibited mixed race sports teams, and played as teammates of the 13 black players on the KwaZakhele Rugby Union (KwaRU) team in a match against the South Eastern Districts Rugby Union (SEDRU) team. The next day, eight white rugby players participated with black players on two teams in a match at
Port Elizabeth
, leading South Africa's Minister of Sports,
Piet Koornhof
, to threaten prosecution.
[36]
- Born:
- Bob Burnquist
, Brazilian-born American skateboard champion; in
Rio de Janeiro
- Shane Doan
, Canadian ice hockey right winger with 21 consecutive seasons for the NHL Phoenix Coyotes from 1996 to 2017
- Died:
Silvana Armenuli?
, 37, and her sister
Mirjana Bajraktarevi?
, 25, popular Bosnian Yugoslavian singers, were killed in an automobile accident along with the conductor of the Radio Belgrade orchestra, Miodrag "Rade" Ja?arevi?, 60. The three were traveling back to
Belgrade
from
Aleksandrovac
and were passing through the village of
Kolari
when Ja?arevi? crashed into a truck coming the other direction.
October 11, 1976 (Monday)
[
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]
- Legislation was signed by President Ford for a posthumous promotion of
George Washington
(who had died in 1799) to the highest military rank in U.S. history,
General of the Armies
. The U.S. Army would delay carrying out the law for almost 18 months, but on March 13, 1978, Washington's promotion was put into effect and backdated to July 4, 1976. The only other person with the rank, equivalent to a
six-star general
, was
John J. Pershing
, who was promoted on September 13, 1919, and held it as a retired officer until his death on July 15, 1948.
- The national TV career of
Jane Pauley
, at the time a 25-year-old newscaster for WMAQ-TV in Chicago, began as Pauley joined the newscasting team of NBC's
Today
show.
[37]
- Born:
- Died:
- Masa Nakayama
, 85, Japanese politician and the first woman to be appointed as a cabinet officer in Japan. She served for five months as the Minister of Health and Welfare in 1960.
- Connee Boswell
, 68, American singer popular in the 1920s and 1930s with her sisters Martha and Vet as part of
The Boswell Sisters
October 12, 1976 (Tuesday)
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- The
People's Republic of China
announced that Prime Minister
Hua Guofeng
would be the successor to
Mao Zedong
as Chairman of the
Chinese Communist Party
, the most powerful position in China. Hua was also the chairman of the Military Commission that governed the armed forces of the world's most populous nation, giving him "a combination of authority that no other Chinese leader, including Mao", had ever held.
[39]
- All 95 people aboard
Indian Airlines Flight 171
were killed when the
Sud Aviation Caravelle
jet crashed while attempting to make an emergency landing while trying to return to
Mumbai
(Bombay) after its number 2 engine failed.
[40]
The flight had been bound for
Chennai
(Madras) with 89 passengers and six crew when a compressor disc failed, fuel lines were severed, and the engine caught fire and plunged to the ground seconds before it would have reached the runway. The flight data recorder was recovered by a fisherman who had found it in his net.
[41]
[42]
- The experimental
Sikorsky S-72
, a combination of helicopter and fixed-wing airplane developed by
NASA
and the U.S. Army, made its first flight. The hybrid aircraft was not accepted for general use and only two were developed.
- Born:
- Xulhaz Mannan
, Bangladeshi journalist and gay rights activist; in
Dhaka
(murdered 2016)
- Zazon
(stage name for Elisabeth Castro), French actress and filmmaker; in
Paris
October 13, 1976 (Wednesday)
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]
- Eighty-eight bystanders were killed when a
Lloyd Aereo Boliviano
Boeing 707 crashed into a house, a school and a soccer field after failing to gain sufficient speed during its takeoff from
Santa Cruz
in
Bolivia
.
[43]
A spokesman for the Bolivian Air Force said that most of the students had gone home for lunch but that at least 60 had remained inside the building. The jet, being used as a cargo plane and staffed by a crew of three, was returning to
Miami
after delivering livestock and clipped the tops of large trees 200 yards (180 m) from the end of the runway, "crashed through a line of people waiting to buy kerosene for cooking from a street vendor", gone through the school and through a field where two groups of students were practicing outside a local stadium for a soccer football game, then impacted the stadium wall, setting a fire in a locker room that caused eight students to die of asphyxiation.
[43]
The impact came at 1:32 in the afternoon.
[44]
- The
United States Commission on Civil Rights
released the report,
Puerto Ricans in the Continental United States: An Uncertain Future,
providing documentation that
Puerto Ricans in the United States
had a poverty rate of 33 percent in 1974, up from 29 percent in 1970, the highest of all major ethnic minorities in the U.S. The study did not include
Puerto Rico
itself, which was a U.S. territory.
October 14, 1976 (Thursday)
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- The
East German oil tanker
Boehlen
, carrying a cargo of 10,000 tons of Venezuelan crude oil, sank in a storm off of the coast of France, drowning 26 members of its 37-man crew.
[45]
Afterwards, the French government would work for ten months to protect the
Ile de Sein
, known for famed for being a French beach resort and a major supplier of
lobsters
, from destruction. In an operation that cost US$30,000,000 and cost the lives of two divers and a soldier, France saved the island from continued pollution by pumping water into the wreckage, forcing its gradually-leaking oil from its ruptured tanks to the surface, and burning what was left.
[46]
October 15, 1976 (Friday)
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- The Brazilian cargo ship
Sylvia L. Ossa
sank roughly 140 miles (230 km) west of
Bermuda
within the area of the Atlantic Ocean described as the
Bermuda Triangle
, with the loss of all 37 crew. An overturned lifeboat from the ship and an oil slick were the only traces of the sinking of the vessel, which had been transporting iron ore to
Philadelphia
in the United States.
[50]
- The two
candidates
for
Vice President of the United States
debated for the first time in American history, as Democrat
Walter Mondale
and Republican
Bob Dole
, U.S. Senators for
Minnesota
and
Kansas
respectively, faced off in
Houston
's Alley Theater in a nationally televised event.
[51]
Both candidates would later lose in a U.S. presidential election (Mondale in 1984 and Dole in 1996) as would Gerald Ford (in 1976) and Jimmy Carter (in 1980).
- Born:
- Died:
- Carlo Gambino
, 74, Italian-born American crime boss who led the
Gambino family
mob and from 1957 until his death,
"The Commission"
that coordinated the activities of the
Five Families
(Gambino, Bonnano, Colombo, Genovese and Luchesse) that controlled organized crime in New York City. His obituary in
The New York Times
described him as "the pre?eminent figure in organized crime in the country" and said that "nothing in his appearance betrayed the immense power he reputedly wielded over organized crime in the United States", adding that his face "made him look like everybody's ideal of a kindly old uncle."
[52]
[53]
- Erwin Lambert
, 66, German building contractor and war criminal convicted of "aiding and abetting the murder of at least 300,000 people" for his construction of gas chambers and involuntary euthanasia centers at
Treblinka extermination camp
and other concentration camps
- David Friedkin
, 64, American
scriptwriter
and director for radio, film and television
October 16, 1976 (Saturday)
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]
- A ceasefire in the fighting in
Lebanon
, requested by the government of
Saudi Arabia
, went into effect after discussions with Syria's President
Hafez Assad
and the Palestinian Liberation Organization's
Yasser Arafat
.
[54]
- For the first time, crowds in the
People's Republic of China
demonstrated against Jiang Qing, the widow of Mao Zedong, who had died five weeks earlier. Protesters were seen in
Shanghai
carrying effigies of Madame Qing and three others who had orchestrated the purges of the
Cultural Revolution
? Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen, collectively described as the
Gang of Four
.
[22]
The organized event appeared to signal "indications that China's new authorities were preparing a campaign to discredit the so-called leftist leaders."
[55]
- The Republic of Ireland's President,
Cearbhall O Dalaigh
, signed the Emergency Powers Bill into law after waiting for the Ireland Supreme Court to determine whether the law would be constitutional.
[56]
- Tony Franklin
, a kicker for
Texas A&M University
, set a record for the longest
field goal
in modern college football history when he made a kick of 65 yards during a 24 to 0 win over Baylor. His achievement, made at 2:20 in the afternoon lasted only 20 minutes. At 2:40 p.m.,
Ove Johansson
of
Abilene Christian University
kicked a 69-yard field goal at the homecoming game in a 17 to 0 win over visiting
East Texas State
.
[57]
After 45 years, Johansson's distance has not been matched or surpassed.
- The Soviet space capsule from the
Soyuz 23
made an emergency return to Earth after a malfunction prevented it from docking with the orbiting
Salyut 5
space station, and made the first "
splashdown
" in Soviet manned space flight history, coming down in Tengiz Lake in the
Kazakh SSR
at 8:46 Moscow time, only 48 hours after it had been launched into orbit. The two cosmonauts, Lieutenant Colonels Vyacheslav Zudov and Valery Rozhdestvensky both arrived safely.
[58]
All other Soviet space missions returned to Earth by parachuting onto dry land.
- The Panamanian freighter
Don Emilio
was seized in U.S. territorial waters by the U.S. Coast Gauard cutter
Sherman
and found to have a cargo of narcotics estimated to be worth $134,000,000.
[59]
- Baseball's World Series
opened in Cincinnati with the first game in which a
National League
team used the designated hitter, which had been in place in the
American League
since 1973. The
Cincinnati Reds
defeated the
New York Yankees
, 5 to 1, in Game 1 of the best-4-of-7 series. The Reds'
Dan Driessen
appeared as the first National League designated hitter.
[60]
October 17, 1976 (Sunday)
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]
- John Ogilvie
of
Scotland
, a
Jesuit
martyr
who had been hanged on March 10,
1615
, for continuing to preach the Roman Catholic faith and for refusing to pledge allegiance to
King James VI
, was canonized by
Pope Paul VI
as a Roman Catholic saint. He remains the only post-
Reformation
Scottish saint in the Catholic Church.
[61]
- Voters in
a referendum in the Philippines
approved the extension of the 1972 declaration of
martial law
by a margin of 90% to 8 percent. Two amendments to the constitution were also approved to give President
Ferdinand Marcos
additional emergency powers.
- Voting was held in East Germany
for the 500 seats of the Communist nation's parliament, the
Volkskammer
, from a list of 591 candidates. The representing the "
National Front of the DDR"
, pre-approved by the nation's ruling Communist party, the
Socialist Unity Party of Germany
(
Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands
or SED, and ostensibly from nine political parties whose share of the allocated seats remained the same as the 1971 election. According to the East German news agency, 98.58 percent of East Germans participated in mandatory voting and, of those, 99.86% voted to approve the list of candidates.
[62]
- Dinkha Khanania
, Metropolitan Bishop of Iran, was elected as the new
Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East
, an office vacant since 1973, and took on the regnal name of Dinkha IV. From 1980, when he fled to the United States, until his death in 2015, he would administer the Assyrian Church primarily from
Chicago
.
October 18, 1976 (Monday)
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]
- Ford Motor Company
launched mass production of its smallest car up to that time, the high mileage
Ford Fiesta
, produced at its plant at
Almussafes
near
Valencia
in
Spain
.
[66]
- Police in
Moscow
arrested 13 Soviet Jewish dissidents,
refuseniksor
otkazniks who had spent five days in a "
sit-in
" protest at the reception room for the Communist Party Central Committee, transported them by bus to a location at the edge of the capital city, then released them. When the dissidents returned the next day, the bus drove them to a location more than 35 miles (56 km) from city limits, then beat them before letting them go. The occupation had taken place in an office that granted exit visas, which had been denied to the dissidents and their families, and began after the group was refused a request for a written statement of how long they would have to wait before they could leave the country.
[67]
On October 25, Soviet authorities arrested 30 Jewish activists who had been planning to go into the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, including physicist
Mark Azbel
, cyberneticists
Victor Brailovsky
and
Alexander Lerner
, and chess grandmaster
Anatoly Shcharansky
.
[68]
- Died:
- Paul Schmidt
, 78, German aeronautical engineer who helped develop the
pulsejet
for use in German V-1 missiles during World War II
- Cardinal
Giacomo Lercaro
, 84, Italian Archbishop Emeritus of Bologna and cardinal within the Roman Catholic Church.
- Count Ossie
(stage name for Oswald Williams), 50, Jamaican band leader and Rastafari music drummer, was killed in an auto accident.
October 19, 1976 (Tuesday)
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]
- Twelve of the 15 crew on the Dutch freighter
Gabriella
died after abandoning the sinking ship in rough seas during a storm off the coast of
Cape Race, Newfoundland
in Canada. One survivor and eight crew who died from hypothermia were found in a life raft.
[69]
- The
Copyright Act of 1976
extended
copyright
protection for an additional 19 years in the United States, and was the first major revision of U.S. copyright protection since 1909.
[70]
- The
Battle of Aishiya
was fought in
Lebanon
.
- The
chimpanzee
(
Pan troglodytes
) was placed on the list of the world’s endangered species.
- Born:
October 20, 1976 (Wednesday)
[
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]
- Seventy-eight passengers and crew on the U.S. ferryboat
MV
George Prince
were killed when the boat strayed into the path of the Norwegian oil tanker
Frosta
and was capsized. The collision occurred at 6:20 in the morning as the ferry was transporting workers, most of whom were in their vehicles with the windows rolled up, from
Destrehan, Louisiana
to the other side of the
Mississippi River
to their jobs in
Luling
.
[71]
There were only 18 survivors. An autopsy on the ferryboat's captain, who was nearing the end of a long shift, showed him to have a blood alcohol content of 0.09 percent, slightly under the limit of legal intoxication under Louisiana law.
[72]
- Argentine soccer football star
Diego Maradona
made his professional debut at the age of 15, ten days before his 16th birthday, playing for the
Argentinos Juniors
of the
top division of Argentine football
, in a game against
Talleres de Cordoba
. He remains the youngest ever player in the Primera Division. On November 14, the future World Cup star scored his first professional goal in a game against the San Lorenzo team of
Mar del Plata
.
- Jean-Bedel Bokassa
, President of the
Central African Republic
and raised a Roman Catholic, announced his conversion to Islam, changing his name to Salah Eddine Ahmed Bokassa. Forty-six days later, he would declare the republic to be a monarchy and proclaimed himself to be Emperor Bokassa the First of the Central African Empire.
- The Hartford Times
, a 159-year-old evening newspaper that had been published in
Hartford, Connecticut
since
1817
, put out its final issue, that included " its own front?page obituary edged in black" and called the
Times
"a newspaper strangled by litigation" after its previous owner had sued the Gannett Company for fraud in the 1973 purchase of publication rights. At one time, the
Times
had the largest circulation of Hartford papers and almost twice as many subscribers as the rival
Hartford Courant
.
[73]
- Born:
- Died:
- Jane Duncan
(pen name for Elizabeth Jane Cameron, 66, Scottish author of children's books, best known for her "My Friends" series of 19 books
- Vladimir Kudashov
, 58, Soviet war hero
October 21, 1976 (Thursday)
[
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]
- The defending champion
Cincinnati Reds
won baseball's
World Series
, completing a four-game sweep of the four-of-7 championship over the American League champion
New York Yankees
.
[74]
- NQ Vulpeculae
, a nova visible in the constellation
Vulpecula
, was seen for the first time from Earth at 18:20 UTC from England by amateur astronomer
George Alcock
. With an estimated distance of at least 3,250 light years (995 parsecs), the Vulpeculae Nova would have occurred no later than
1275 BC
.
[75]
- The sport of
downhill mountain biking
was first staged as competitors took part in a time trial in
Fairfax, California
. Alan Bonds, an artist who customized bicycles, had the fastest time of five people, completing the two-mile "Repack" descent in 5 minutes and 12 seconds.
[76]
- U.S. President Gerald Ford signed three bills into law on the same day. The
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
created new procedures and rights for civil and criminal suits against foreign nations in U.S. courts. The
Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976
(which repealed all existing
Homestead Acts
including the century-old
Kinkaid Act
) provided new requirements for use of federally owned lands. Another measure authorized the residents of the
United States Virgin Islands
and of
Guam
to organize limited self-government and to create their own constitutions, to take effect within 60 days after submission unless the U.S. Congress objected.
- African-American activist
H. Rap Brown
, an advocate for the Black Power movement in the U.S. during the 1960s, was paroled from prison, where he had been serving a 15-year sentence for robbery and assault.
[77]
- Born:
October 22, 1976 (Friday)
[
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]
- Cearbhall O Dalaigh
resigned as
President of Ireland
after being publicly insulted by
Paddy Donegan
, the Minister for Defense for his delay in signing legislation restoring a state of emergency within the Republic of Ireland, and after the
Dail Eireann
, the lower house of Ireland's parliament had defeated motion calling for Prime Minister
Liam Cosgrave
to fire Donegan. Specifically, Donegan had said on October 18 that the president was "a thundering disgrace", and the motion in the Dail failed, 58 to 63.
[79]
New elections to replace O Dalaigh were set for November 24.
[80]
Donegan would be demoted to the lesser post of Minister of Lands on December 2 by Prime Minister Liam Cosgrave, and repolaced by Cosgrave who appointed himself as Defense Minister.
[81]
- Thailand
's King
Bhumibol Adulyadej
approved a new civilian government to serve Prime Minister
Thanin Kraivichien
, dominated by the military and by right-wing politicians, including the first two women cabinet members in the kingdom's history. The king also signed a new constitution into law. Admiral
Sangad Chaloryu
, the chairman of the 24-member military junta that led the overthrow of Prime Minister Seni Pramoj, was named the Minister of Defense.
[82]
- The body of
Eva Peron
, the beloved former First Lady of
Argentina
, was re-interred for the third and last time, 24 years after her death in 1952 from leukemia. Since 1973, when her husband Juan Peron returned to the presidency, she had been in a crypt at the
Casa Rosada
, the presidential residence in Olivos. Her body was moved to the Duarte family crypt in the
La Recoleta Cemetery
in
Buenos Aires
and placed in a steel-walled vault six meters (18 feet) underground.
[84]
- Eleven people were killed in an attack on the village of
Shwenyaungbin
in
Burma
by the
Kachin Independence Army
, a separatist terrorist organization.
- A rally of support for the arrested "
Gang of Four
" took place in the Chinese city of
Yan'an
in the
Shanxi
province, the last remaining area of China whose leaders supported the policies of the
Cultural Revolution
, with 40,000 participating.
- U.S. President Gerald Ford and Democrat challenger Jimmy Carter held their third, and final debate, held at the College of William and Mary in
Williamsburg, Virginia
.
[85]
- Born:
- Died:
October 23, 1976 (Saturday)
[
edit
]
October 24, 1976 (Sunday)
[
edit
]
- A fire set by an arsonist killed 25 people (16 women and nine men)
[87]
and injured 24 others at the Puerto Rican Social Club at 1003 Morris Avenue in the Bronx in New York City, after a fire broke out at 2:15 in the morning. The blaze, set in the only stairwell in the building spread within less than two minutes in the 1,000 square feet (93 m
2
) dance hall at the club, and nearly all the victims were found at the windows at the front of the building, dead of asphyxiation. The door to the fire escape had been locked from the inside.
[88]
Jose Angelo Cordero, who led the attack, and Hector Lopez, who ignited the fire, both pleaded guilty to murder and Francisco Mendez, who spread gasoline in the stairwell, was found guilty of 25 counts of murder.
[89]
- Race car driver
James Hunt
of the United Kingdom wan the
Formula One World Championship
by just one point when
Niki Lauda
of Austria was forced out of the
Japanese Grand Prix
? the 16th and final race of the season? because of heavy rain. Going into the race, Lauda had 68 points and Hunt had 66; the next highest competitor,
Jody Scheckter
of South Africa, had only 49 points and was mathematically eliminated from the championship. Hunt finished in third place at the Fuji Speedway, earning 3 points. Because of weather conditions that had left the track wet, the organizers debated whether to run as scheduled or to postpone the race to the next day. After the race started, four of the drivers withdrew, including Lauda, who quit after two laps and later commented, "my life is worth more than a title." Down 66 to 68, Hunt needed to finish at least in 4th place (for 2 points) to be co-champion; his third-place finish gave him 3 points for the 69 to 68 victory.
- Hua Guofeng
was formally acclaimed as the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and successor to
Mao Zedong
, who had died on September 7. The announcement was made in the Party's newspaper
Jenmin Jih Pao
and Chinese army newspaper
Chiehfang Jih Pao
, and reported that the decision had been made by the party's Politburo on October 7.
[90]
- Born:
Mallika Sherawat
(stage name for Reema Lamba), popular Indian
Bollywood
film actress; in
Moth Rangran
,
Haryana
state
October 25, 1976 (Monday)
[
edit
]
- Universal Studios
and the
Walt Disney Company
filed
a lawsuit
in the
federal court in California
against the
Sony Corporation of America
to prohibit the sale of Sony's
videocassette recording system
, the
Betamax
, and seeking a ruling that would bar video recording in general for the general public.
[91]
[92]
The case would eventually be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in favor of Sony, and for video recording of television programs in general, in 1984.
[93]
- The
University of Ilorin
, commonly referred to in
Nigeria
as Unilorin, began its first classes, serving 200 undergraduate students in the city of
Ilorin
in
Kwara State
. Within 30 years, Unilorin would have more than 20,000 students and as of 45 years later, 48,000 undergraduates.
[94]
- All 32 passengers and crew on a 34-year-old
Colombian
DC-3 propeller plane were killed when
a Taxi Aereo El Venado
flight crashed one minute after takeoff from
Yopal
with an intended destination of
Cucuta
.
[95]
[96]
- Clarence Norris, the last known survivor of the nine
Scottsboro Boys
, was pardoned by
Alabama
Governor
George C. Wallace
. After spending five years on death row and 15 years total in prison for a crime he had not committed, Norris was paroled in 1946 and left Alabama without permission.
[97]
On November 29, 1976, Norris, a warehouse employee for the government of New York City, returned to Alabama for the first time since 1946 and accepted the pardon.
[98]
- Born:
Anton Sikharulidze
, Russian pairs figure skater, 2002 Olympic gold medalist and 1998 and 1999 world champion with partner
Elena Berezhnaya
; in
Leningrad
, RSFSR, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia)
[99]
- Died:
October 26, 1976 (Tuesday)
[
edit
]
- Transkei
, a poor section on the coast of
South Africa
created for the relocation of black African members of the white-minority ruled nation’s
Xhosa people
, was declared an independent nation.
Kaiser Matanzima
, the new Prime Minister of Transkei, accepted the documents of independence from South Africa's President
Nicolaas Diederichs
in a ceremony at the Transkeian capital,
Umtata
.
Botha Sigcau
was appointed as the nominal
President of Transkei
.
[102]
The legitimacy of Transkei, the first
bantustan
or "black homeland" to be set aside for black majority rule, was not recognized by the rest of the world. The United Nations General Assembly voted unanimously (134 to 0) to request member nations not to deal with Transkei, with one vote of abstention by the United States, which had already stated that it would not recognize Transkei.
[103]
Transkei and the three other bantustans would cease to exist on April 27, 1994, when South Africa's new constitution took effect to institute democratic rule with a black majority government.
- The Soviet Union launched
Ekran
, its first
geosynchronous satellite
, to permit direct satellite television.
[104]
- Law enforcement officers from the sheriff's department in
Catoosa County, Georgia
, killed five of seven lions (six females and one male) who had been set free by a vandal from a private zoo near
Ringgold, Georgia
, the night before.
[105]
During their rampage, the lions "killed four dogs, a cow and a pet wolf".
[106]
One was recaptured, while another, a 400 lb (180 kg) lioness, remained free until the next day, when it was killed while charging at one of the deputies.
[107]
- Born:
- Died:
October 27, 1976 (Wednesday)
[
edit
]
- Carnegie-Mellon University
(C.M.U.) of Pittsburgh announced that an alumnus of the institution, who requested to remain anonymous, had made a donation of $35,000,000 to be payable upon his death and the death of his wife. In addition to being the largest donation ever to C.M.U., the gift was the second largest by an individual to any university, exceeded only by a $50,000,000 donation made to the University of Virginia.
[109]
- Former U.S. Senator
Edward Gurney
of Florida was acquitted by a jury on all charges of having lied to a grand jury about his knowledge of a scheme by his employees to collect $400,000 of donations from construction companies in return for favors from the
Federal Housing Administration
. Senator Gurney, who had resigned at the end of 1974 after being identified in the scandal, had been acquitted in 1975 on charges of perjury and conspiracy.
[110]
- Albert Muwalo
, Chairman of the ruling Congress Party and a Minister without Portfolio in the southern African nation of
Malawi
, was arrested on charges of corruption on orders of Malawi's President
Hastings Banda
.
[111]
October 28, 1976 (Thursday)
[
edit
]
October 29, 1976 (Friday)
[
edit
]
- Erich Honecker
, the Communist General Secretary of
East Germany
's Socialist Unity Party (SED) and commander of the nation's armed forces, was elected unanimously by the 500-member
Volkskammer
to the position of Chairman of the State Council, equivalent to the head of state.
[117]
Honecker replaced
Willi Stoph
, who was moved to the position of Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
- Born:
- Died:
Konstantin Vasilyev
, 33, Soviet Russian painter, was killed in a railway accident.
October 30, 1976 (Saturday)
[
edit
]
- India
's Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
postponed democratic elections that had been scheduled for March 1977 for the 525-member
Lok Sabha
, the lower house of India's parliament. Law and Justice Minister
H. R. Gokhale
informed Lok Sabha members that their 5-year terms, which had already been extended for one year with the cancellation of voting set for March 1976, would be extended to seven years and that voting would not take place before March 1978.
[118]
- The
Montreal Canadiens
had their lone loss at home during the
1976?77 NHL season
, falling 4 to 3 to the Boston Bruins. They would finish the regular season with a record of 60 wins, 8 losses and 12 ties (60-8-12) and lost only one home game, winning 33 other with six ties. They would lose Game 5 of the NHL playoff semifinals at home, falling to the New York Islanders, 4 to 3, in overtime on May 5, 1977.
- The television show
Mr. T and Tina
, starring
Pat Morita
in the first U.S. TV show to feature a mostly Asian-American cast, was canceled after its sixth show.
- A deer hunter in Utah discovered the wreckage of a Piper Tri-Pacer airplane that had vanished on March 27, 1963, 13 years earlier. The small airplane and the remains of Harry Ross Jr and UFO researcher Wallace C. Halsey, had crashed into a mountainside near
St. George, Utah
.
[119]
- Died:
- Alfred Lande
, 87, German-born American physicist known for his contributions to quantum theory. He is responsible for the Lande g-factor and an explanation of the Zeeman effect.
- Sa'id Hormozi
, 79, Iranian musician who preserved the
radif
genre of music.
- Daniel Bonade
, 80, French clarinet player and composer
- Julio Just Gimeno
, 82, Spanish politician former Minister of Public Works until his 1937 ouster following the Spanish Civil War.
October 31, 1976 (Sunday)
[
edit
]
- The first
VHS
(Video Home System) recorder and player, the
HR-3300
manufactured by
JVC
, went on sale to the public at electronic stores in
Tokyo
's
Akihabara
district. The initial cost of the recorder, invented by JVC engineers Yuma Shiraishi and Shizuo Takano, was ¥310,000
Japanese yen
(US$1,060, equivalent to $5,100 in 2021). It would go on sale in the United States 10 months later on August 23, 1977, under the name "Vidstar".
[121]
- Died:
- Clarence Chamberlin
, 82, American aviator, died of complications after receiving the "swine flu" vaccination.
[122]
On June 4, 1927, Chamberlin became the second pilot (after Charles Lindbergh 15 days earlier) to fly an airplane by himself nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean, and the first to take a passenger with him.
- Eileen Gray
, 98, Irish modern architect
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- ^
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- ^
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The New York Times
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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2018
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"
"New train speeds into service
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
a
b
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, October 31, 1976, p. 7
- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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b
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, October 13, 1976, p. 4
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 15, 1976, p. 10
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 14, 1976, p. 5
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 12, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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, October 13, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 12, 1976, p. 6
- ^
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, October 25, 1976, p. 26
- ^
Aviation Safety Network
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b
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The New York Times
, October 14, 1976, p. 1
- ^
Aviation Safety Network
- ^
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The Times
(London), October 16, 1976, p.4
- ^
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Los Angeles Times
, August 24, 1977, p.I-17
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 15, 1976, p. A13
- ^
"3d Satellite Launched In Marisat System",
The New York Times
, October 15, 1976, p. A13
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 15, 1976, p. A29
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 18, 1976, p. 1
- ^
"Economy Is Stressed by Dole and Mondale During Sharp Debate",
The New York Times
, October 16, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 16, 1976, p. 26
- ^
"Changes in Mafia Expected as Result of Gambino's Death? New York's Five Families Reported Likely to Initiate More Members and Expand Their Operations", by Nicholas Gage,
The New York Times
, October 18, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 17, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 17, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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, Cambridge University Press, 1989,
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- ^
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The New York Times
, October 18, 1976, p. 41
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 18, 1976, p. 32
- ^
"Panamanian Ship Is Seized With Millions in Drugs",
The New York Times
, October 17, 1976, p. 26
- ^
"Yankees Lose World Series Opener to Reds, 5 to 1; 3 Walkie-Talkie Observers Are Removed by Kuhn", by Joseph Durso,
The New York Times
, October 17, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 18, 1976, p. 5
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 18, 1976, p. 7
- ^
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, by Mohammad Ali,
The Hindu
(
Chennai
, Tamil Nadu), July 1, 2015
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 28, 1976, p. 14
- ^
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- ^
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(April 13, 1977) pp. 9-10
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 20, 1976, p. 1
- ^
"30 Jews in Moscow Seized in Protests? Men Are Given 15 Days for Visa Sit-Ins Last Week Women Released After Paying Fine", by David K. Shipler,
The New York Times
, October 26, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 21, 1976, p. 7
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 10, 1976, p. 17
- ^
"24 Dead, 50 Missing as Tanker Capsizes Mississippi Ferry; 18 Survive Predawn Crash? Many Victims Were Residents of Destrehan, La., Heading for Work on River's West Bank, by Roy Reed,
The New York Times
, October 21, 1976, p. 1
- ^
"Ferry Captain Held 'Almost Drunk'",
The New York Times
, October 28, 1976, p. 18
- ^
"The Hartford Times Ceases Publication? In the Final Issue It Describes Itself as a Newspaper Strangled by Litigation' After 159 Years", by Dierdre Carmody,
The New York Times
, October 21, 1976, p. 79
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.
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.
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The New York Times
, October 23, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 27, 1976, p. 5
- ^
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The New York Times
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- ^
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The New York Times
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- ^
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- ^
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St. Louis Post-Dispatch
, October 23, 1976, p. 2
- ^
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The New York Times
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.
- ^
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Pittsburgh Press
, October 25, 1976, p. 4
- ^
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The New York Times
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- ^
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- ^
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, October 26, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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- ^
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- ^
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Pomona (CA) Progress Bulletin
, October 26, 1976, p. 1
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 27, 1976, p. 18
- ^
"Last Escaped Lion Shot Charging Man",
Philadelphia Daily News
, October 28, 1976, p. 17
- ^
"Former High Cuban Aide Who Broke With Castro Shot to Death in San Juan",
The New York Times
, October 27, 1976, p. 3
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 28, 1976, p. 18
- ^
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The New York Times
, October 28, 1976, p. 19
- ^
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- ^
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The New York Times
, October 29, 1976, p. A3
- ^
"Faction Supporting Sadat Is Far Ahead in Voting",
The New York Times
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- ^
"South Africa Lifts Ban on 'Ebony'",
The New York Times
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- ^
"I.R.A. Aide Slain in Belfast Hospital" ,
The New York Times
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- ^
attribution: Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R1220-401
- ^
"Party Chief Becomes Head of State in E. Berlin Shakeup? Changes in Premier and President of Parliament Give Communists All Top Government Positions",
Los Angeles Times
, October 29, 1976, p. I-9
- ^
"India Puts Off Parliament Election",
The New York Times
, October 31, 1976, p. 10
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attribution: Groink
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"JVC HR-3300"
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"Clarence Chamberlin Dead at 83; Flew First Passenger to Europe",
The New York Times
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