From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type of closed research institutions in the Soviet Union
OKB
is a transliteration of the
Russian
initials of "
опытно-конструкторское бюро
" ?
opytno konstruktorskoye byuro
, meaning 'experiment and design bureau'. During the
Soviet era
, OKBs were closed institutions working on design and prototyping of
advanced technology
, usually for
military applications
. The corresponding English language term for such a bureau's activity is "
research and development
".
A bureau was officially identified by a number, and often semi-officially by the name of its lead designer. For example, OKB-51 was led by
Pavel Sukhoi
, and it eventually became known as the OKB of
Sukhoi
. Successful and famous bureaus often retained these names after the death or replacement of their founding designers.
These relatively small
state-run organisations
were not intended for
mass production
of aircraft, rockets, or other vehicles or equipment which they designed. However, they usually had the facilities and resources to construct prototypes. Designs accepted by the state were then assigned to factories for mass production.
After the
collapse of the Soviet Union
, many OKBs became
Scientific Production Organizations
(
Научно-производственное объединение
) (NPO). There were some attempts to merge them in the 1990s, and there were widespread amalgamations in 2001?2006 to create "
national champions
", such as
Almaz-Antey
to consolidate
SAM
development.
OKBs in aerospace industry
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- KB-1 ?
NPO Almaz
,
Vitaly Shabanov
- OKB-1 ?
Korolev
today
RSC Energia
- OKB-1 ? Dr.
Brunolf Baade
disbanded by 1953
- OKB-2 ? early name of
MKB Raduga
(OKB-155-2)
- OKB-3 ?
Bratukhin
- OKB-4 ?
Matus Bisnovat
's Design Bureau (different from
NPO Molniya
)
- OKB-8 ?
Novator
(long-range SAMs)
- OKB-19 ?
Shvetsov
,
Soloviev
. Now: "Perm MKB"
[1]
- OKB-20 ?
Klimov
,
Omsk-Motors
- OKB-21 ?
Alexeyev
- OKB-23 ?
Myasishchev
(also OKB-482)
- OKB-24 ?
Mikulin
- OKB-26 ?
Klimov
- OKB-39 ?
Ilyushin
- OKB-45 ?
Klimov
- OKB-47 ?
Yakovlev
originally, transferred to
Shcherbakov
- OKB-49 ?
Beriev
- OKB-51 ?
Sukhoi
- OKB-52 ?
Chelomei
- OKB-86 ?
Bartini
- OKB-115 ?
Yakovlev
- OKB-117 ?
Klimov
,
Izotov
- OKB-120 ?
Zhdanov (surname)
- OKB-124 ? N/A (cooling systems for
Tu-121
)
- OKB-134 ?
Vympel
- OKB-140 ? N/A (first hydro-alcohol starter-generators for Tu-121)
- OKB-153 ?
Antonov
- OKB-154 ?
Kosberg
, previously OKB-296
- OKB-155 ?
Mikoyan
(formerly Mikoyan-Gurevich)
- OKB-155-2 ? (sometimes designated as OKB-2-155) OKB-155 spin-off in
Dubna
.
Gurevich
,
Berezniak
,
Isaev
... Now
MKB Raduga
.
- OKB-156 ?
Tupolev
- OKB-165 ?
Lyulka
- OKB-207 ?
Borovkov and Florov
(
Borovkov-Florov D
,
Borovkov-Florov I-207
)
- OKB-240 ?
Yermolaev
- OKB-256 ? Tsybin
- OKB-276 ?
Kuznetsov
- OKB-296 ? renamed to
OKB-154
in 1946 KB Khimavtomatika
- OKB-300 ?
Tumansky
- OKB-301 ?
Lavochkin
- OKB-329 ?
Mil
- SKB-385 ?
Makeev
- OKG-456 ?
Glushko
- OKB-458 ?
Chetverikov
- OKB-478 ?
Ivchenko
- OKB-575 ?
Kovrov
- OKB-586 ?
Yangel
- OKB-692 ?
JSC "Khartron"
(formerly KB electropriborostroeniya, then NPO "Electropribor")
- OKB-794 ?
Leninets
[2]
- OKB-938 ?
Kamov
See also
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References
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External links
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