From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
November 1933 German parliamentary election
|
|
|
Registered
| 45,178,701 (
1.1%)
|
---|
Turnout
| 95.3% (
6.6
pp
)
|
---|
|
Majority party
|
|
|
|
|
Leader
|
Adolf Hitler
|
|
Party
|
NSDAP
|
|
Leader since
|
29 July 1921
|
|
Last election
|
43.9%, 288 seats
|
|
Seats won
|
661
|
|
Seat change
|
373
|
|
Popular vote
|
39,655,224
|
|
Percentage
|
92.1%
|
|
Swing
|
48.2pp
|
|
|
|
Parliamentary elections
were held in
Germany
on 12 November 1933. They were the first since the
Nazi Party
seized complete power with the enactment of the
Enabling Act
in March. All opposition parties had been banned by the
Law Against the Formation of Parties
(14 July 1933), and voters were presented with a single list containing Nazis and 22 non-party "guests" (
Gaste
) of the Nazi Party. These "guests", who included the likes of
Alfred Hugenberg
, still fully supported the regime of
Adolf Hitler
in any event.
[1]
This election set the tone for all further elections and referendums held in the Nazi era. Official results showed 92 percent of the voters approved the Nazi list, on a turnout of 96 percent. The vote was held in far-from secret circumstances; many voters feared that anyone who voted "no" would be detected and punished for doing so. In some communities, voters were threatened with reprisals if they dared to vote no, or even if they simply failed to vote at all.
[2]
Nonetheless, 3.3 million voters submitted invalid ballots.
By November 1933 the Nazi government had already established a concentration camp system, although camp inmates retained the right to vote. In several camps the Nazi list was endorsed by a large majority of voters and
The Guardian
reported that that meant an amnesty was considered likely.
[3]
The elections were held on the same day as a separate
referendum on Hitler's decision to pull Germany out of the League of Nations
, which passed with similar numbers. The new Reichstag, exclusively composed of NSDAP members and sympathisers, convened on 12 December to elect a Presidium headed by President of the Reichstag
Hermann Goring
.
Results
[
edit
]
|
Party
|
Votes
|
%
|
Seats
|
|
Nazi Party
and guests
|
39,655,224
|
92.11
|
661
|
Against
|
3,398,249
|
7.89
|
?
|
Invalid/blank votes
|
?
|
Total votes
|
43,053,473
|
100.00
|
661
|
Registered voters/turnout
|
45,178,701
|
95.30
|
?
|
Source: Nohlen & Stover
|
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Read, Anthony (2004).
The Devil's Disciples: The Lives and Times of Hitler's Inner Circle
. London: Pimlico. p. 344.
ISBN
0-7126-6416-5
.
- ^
William Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
(Touchstone Edition) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990)
- ^
"All Germans rounded up to vote"
.
The Guardian
. 13 November 1933.
Further reading
[
edit
]