Municipality in Southeast, Brazil
Nova Friburgo
(
Portuguese pronunciation:
[?n?v?
f?i?bu??u]
,
German
:
Neufreiburg
,
German pronunciation:
[n???f?a?b??k]
, English:
New Fribourg
, commonly referred to as just "Friburgo") is a
municipality
in the state of
Rio de Janeiro
in southeastern
Brazil
. It is located in the mountainous region, in the Center Mesoregion of the state, 136 km (85 mi) from the capital
Rio de Janeiro
. The town is 846 m (2,776 ft) above sea level, with a population of 191,158 (2020) and its area is 933 km
2
.
[3]
The main economic activities are the
undergarment
industry,
olericulture
,
goat
raising, various industries (textile, clothing, metallurgy) and tourism. It is also the coldest city of the state.
History
[
edit
]
Up to the 19th century, the region of the present Nova Friburgo was inhabited by Coroado
Puri
Indians
.
[4]
[5]
In 1818, King
John VI
was interested in improving the relationship with Germany, in order to obtain support against the French empire. He then proposed a planned settlement that would promote the civilization in Brazil. A royal decree of May 1818, authorized the
Canton of Fribourg
of
Switzerland
,
[6]
to establish a colony of 100 Swiss families in the Morro Queimado Farm, in
Cantagalo
District, a place with climate and natural characteristics similar to those in their country.
Between 1819 and 1820, the region was settled by 265 Swiss families, in total 1,458 immigrants. It was named Nova Friburgo (New Fribourg) by the Swiss after the homeland of most of the families.
Following the
Independence of Brazil
in 1822, the Imperial Government continued the policy of populating the nation by attracting
European
colonization
. Eighty
German
families previously assigned to settlements in the Province of
Bahia
, for unknown reasons ended up in Nova Friburgo, where they arrived on the 3 and 4 May 1824.
[7]
Similar arrivals of
Italians
,
Portuguese
and a minority of
Syrians
led to such population increases that the once village was elevated to city status on 8 January 1890.
In 1872, the Baron of Nova Friburgo brought to the region the Leopoldina Railroad, to allow for the flow of the coffee from Cantagalo. Agriculture was the basis of economic activity until 1910, when the arrival of industrialists pioneered the development of an industrial sector still thriving to the present day. Of similar importance was the relative proximity to
Niteroi
and
Rio de Janeiro
and the improvement of transport and communication links such as paved roads and telegraph. This encouraged a small tourist industry to grow, which, together with local commerce, became the main source of income for the city.
Nova Friburgo was affected by the
2011 Brazilian floods
on 11 January with
mudslides
causing at least 820 deaths and more than 200 people to go missing in the biggest natural disaster in the history of Brazil. The population was left with no water, electricity, food or gas.
[8]
[9]
Geography
[
edit
]
Climate
[
edit
]
Nova Friburgo has a
subtropical highland climate
(
Koppen climate classification
Cwb), with fresh and dry winters and humid and mild summers. Annual average temperature is 19 °C (66 °F). The hottest temperature ever recorded was 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) on 15 October 1948, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was ?1.1 °C (30.0 °F) on 8 August 2014.
[10]
[11]
Climate data for Nova Friburgo (1981?2010)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
27.9
(82.2)
|
28.5
(83.3)
|
27.0
(80.6)
|
26.1
(79.0)
|
23.7
(74.7)
|
22.5
(72.5)
|
22.2
(72.0)
|
23.2
(73.8)
|
23.5
(74.3)
|
25.0
(77.0)
|
25.8
(78.4)
|
26.2
(79.2)
|
25.1
(77.2)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
17.8
(64.0)
|
17.7
(63.9)
|
17.5
(63.5)
|
16.1
(61.0)
|
13.0
(55.4)
|
10.6
(51.1)
|
9.9
(49.8)
|
10.8
(51.4)
|
12.9
(55.2)
|
14.9
(58.8)
|
16.2
(61.2)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
14.5
(58.1)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
232.1
(9.14)
|
165.2
(6.50)
|
154.6
(6.09)
|
61.4
(2.42)
|
39.8
(1.57)
|
32.3
(1.27)
|
24.7
(0.97)
|
23.7
(0.93)
|
52.4
(2.06)
|
86.3
(3.40)
|
186.1
(7.33)
|
221.2
(8.71)
|
1,279.8
(50.39)
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ 1.0 mm)
|
14
|
11
|
11
|
7
|
5
|
5
|
4
|
3
|
5
|
9
|
12
|
14
|
100
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
77
|
78
|
78
|
82
|
82
|
83
|
83
|
81
|
80
|
81
|
80
|
80
|
80
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
153.2
|
136.6
|
157.3
|
133.2
|
158.7
|
132.0
|
149.1
|
166.1
|
139.4
|
97.3
|
109.2
|
143.5
|
1,675.6
|
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (precipitation, humidity and sun 1961?1990)
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
|
Economy
[
edit
]
The city has a strong drive towards tourism due to the landscape, rivers, trails and bucolic spots. It has the second largest network of hotels of the state, after the capital Rio de Janeiro. The urban district is visited for its cold climate, the tranquility and romanticism. However, there are also attractions more distant to the center, which are appreciated by those who are interested in
ecotourism
and adventure sports like
rafting
and
canoeing
. The district of Lumiar is one of the most important sites for these sports in the state.
Nova Friburgo is known as the national capital of the undergarment industry, due to the vast production and variety of models, and the local brands begin to compete in the international market. Other major industries include textile mills and metallurgic industries.
Agriculture is important in the area of olericulture and goat raising, as well as in the production of flowers, of which the municipality is the second largest producer in the country, surmounted only by
Holambra
, in the state of
Sao Paulo
.
The municipality contains part of the
Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic
of conservation units, created in 2006.
[19]
It contains 33,992 hectares (84,000 acres) of the 35,038 hectares (86,580 acres)
Macae de Cima Environmental Protection Area
, created in 2001.
[20]
Tourism
[
edit
]
The main attractions of the city are:
- Alpine-style architecture of the buildings of MuryShopping, the Bucsky and Garlipp hotels and the restaurant Braun & Braun
- "Casa Suica" (the Swiss House)
- Cheese-making school FRIALP
- District of Lumiar
- District of Sao Pedro da Serra
- Encontro dos Rios (merging of rivers Macae and Bonito)
- Gastronomic center, in the district of Mury
- Getulio Vargas Square
- Marcilio Dias Square, which marks the beginning of the settlement, for it is the area where the first Germans camped, coming from Europe
- Nova Friburgo Country Club
- Park of Furnas do Catete, with the Cao Sentado (Sitting Dog) Stone
- Pedra Riscada (scratched stone)
- Saint John Baptist Cathedral
- Suspiro Square, with the biggest
chairlift
of the country
- The municipality contains 19% of the 46,350 hectares (114,500 acres)
Tres Picos State Park
, created in 2002.
[21]
Demographics
[
edit
]
- Population: 202,085
- Urban: 178,377
- Rural: 23,708
- Male: 97,253
- Female: 104,832
Racial composition
[
edit
]
- White: 78.3%
- Pardo (multiracial): 13.9%
- Black: 7.0%
- Asian: 0.1%
- Indigenous: 0.1%
- 0.5% not reported
(Source:
IBGE
)
Ethnic groups
[
edit
]
Portuguese, Swiss, German, Italian, Austrian, Spanish, Lebanese, African, Hungarian, Japanese.
Gallery
[
edit
]
-
Alberto Braune Avenue in 1940
-
Gloria Hotel (right), 1940
-
Side view of the school
-
Lumiar district, outskirts of Nova Friburgo
-
Park Hotel
-
-
-
Countryside
-
Horses in a bucolic scene in the rural region of the municipality
-
Vale dos Frades (Frades Valley)
-
View of Nova Friburgo from Caledonia peak
Notable people
[
edit
]
Sister cities
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
IBGE 2020
- ^
"Archived copy"
(PDF)
.
United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP). Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 8 July 2014
. Retrieved
1 August
2013
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
)
- ^
IBGE
-
[1]
- ^
Os indios de Sumidouro
. Available in
http://sumidouro.chez.com/indios.htm
. Access on 9 September 2012.
- ^
Nova Friburgo entra para a historia
. Available in
http://www.swissinfo.ch/por/specials/Suicos_do_estrangeiro/Nova_Friburgo_entra_para_a_historia.html?cid=875208
. Access on 9 September 2012.
- ^
"Schweizer Auswanderer und ihre Liebe zur Heimat"
.
Blog zur Schweizer Geschichte - Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum
(in German). 16 April 2019
. Retrieved
22 February
2022
.
- ^
"Historico: Comunidade Luterana de Nova Friburgo"
(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 September 2003
. Retrieved
25 September
2023
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
link
)
- ^
"Death toll mounts from flooding in Rio de Janeiro state"
.
BBC News
.
BBC
. 12 January 2011
. Retrieved
13 January
2011
.
- ^
Tom Phillips (14 January 2011).
"Brazil Landslides Death Toll Rises"
.
The Guardian
. Retrieved
14 January
2011
.
- ^
"Friburgo, RJ, registra a temperatura mais baixa dos ultimos quatro anos"
. 8 August 2014.
- ^
"Saiba quais foram as maiores temperaturas ja registradas em Friburgo e Teresopolis"
.
- ^
"Normais Climatologicas Do Brasil 1981?2010"
(in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia
. Retrieved
28 May
2024
.
- ^
"Precipitacao Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)"
(in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961?1990. Archived from
the original
on 8 August 2014
. Retrieved
28 May
2024
.
- ^
"Numero de Dias com Precipitacao Mayor ou Igual a 1 mm (dias)"
. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from
the original
on 27 August 2014
. Retrieved
28 May
2024
.
- ^
"Insolacao Total (horas)"
. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from
the original
on 8 August 2014
. Retrieved
28 May
2024
.
- ^
"Umidade Relativa do Ar Media Compensada (%)"
. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from
the original
on 8 August 2014
. Retrieved
28 May
2024
.
- ^
"Temperatura Maxima Absoluta (°C)"
. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet)
. Retrieved
23 August
2014
.
[
dead link
]
- ^
"Temperatura Minima Absoluta (°C)"
. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet)
. Retrieved
23 August
2014
.
[
dead link
]
- ^
Costa, Claudia; Lamas, Ivana; Fernandes, Rosan (December 2010),
Planejamento Estrategico do Mosaico Central Fluminense
(PDF)
(in Portuguese), Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlantica, p. 13, archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 7 October 2016
, retrieved
2 October
2016
- ^
Luiz Dias da Mota Lima (2014),
Plano de Manejo da Area de Protecao Ambiental Estadual Macae de Cima
(PDF)
(in Portuguese), vol. 1 - Informacoes Gerais sobre a UC, Rio de Janeiro, p. 20
, retrieved
11 October
2016
{{
citation
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
PES dos Tres Picos
(in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
, retrieved
3 October
2016
|
---|
|
Mesoregion
Baixadas
| | |
---|
Mesoregion
Centro Fluminense
| Cantagalo-Cordeiro
| |
---|
Nova Friburgo
| |
---|
Santa Maria Madalena
| |
---|
Tres Rios
| |
---|
|
---|
Mesoregion
Metropolitana do
Rio de Janeiro
| Itaguai
| |
---|
Macacu-Caceribu
| |
---|
Microregion
Rio de Janeiro
| |
---|
Serrana
| |
---|
Vassouras
| |
---|
|
---|
Mesoregion
Noroeste Fluminense
| Itaperuna
| |
---|
Santo Antonio de Padua
| |
---|
|
---|
Mesoregion
Norte Fluminense
| Campos dos Goytacazes
| |
---|
Macae
| |
---|
|
---|
Mesoregion
Sul Fluminense
| Baia da Ilha Grande
| |
---|
Barra do Pirai
| |
---|
Vale do Paraiba Fluminense
| |
---|
|
---|
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Geographic
| |
---|