1940 film
Northwest Passage
, also billed as
Northwest Passage (Book 1: Roger's Rangers)
, is a 1940 American
Western
film in
Technicolor
, directed by
King Vidor
. It stars
Spencer Tracy
,
Robert Young
,
Walter Brennan
and
Ruth Hussey
. The film is set in 1759, and tells a partly fictionalized version of the real-life
St. Francis Raid
by
Rogers' Rangers
, led by
Robert Rogers
(played by Tracy) on the primarily
Abenaki
village of
St. Francis
, in modern-day
Canada
. The screenplay, by
Laurence Stallings
and
Talbot Jennings
, is based on the 1937 historical novel
Northwest Passage
by
Kenneth Roberts
.
Roberts's novel is split into two parts, referred to as "Book 1" and "Book 2", and the film is based entirely on Book 1. There was originally discussion about filming a sequel that would cover Book 2, but this did not happen. Ironically, Rogers' quest to find a
Northwest Passage
through
North America
, which gave both the novel and the film their title, takes place in Book 2, and is only briefly mentioned in the film.
Plot
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In 1759, Langdon Towne, son of a ropemaker and ship rigger, returns to
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
, after his expulsion from
Harvard University
. Although disappointed, his family greets him with love, as does Elizabeth Browne. Elizabeth's father, a noted clergyman, is less welcoming and denigrates Langdon's aspirations to become a
painter
.
At the local tavern with friend Sam Livermore, Langdon disparages Wiseman Clagett, the king's attorney and the Native American agent
Sir William Johnson
, unaware that Clagett is in the next room with another official. Facing arrest, Langdon fights the two men with the help of "Hunk" Marriner, a local woodsman and both escape into the countryside.
Fleeing westward, Langdon and Marriner stop in a backwoods tavern, where they help a man in a green uniform. After a night of drinking "Flip" (similar to hot buttered rum), the two men wake up at
Fort Crown Point
, where they learn the man they met is
Major Robert Rogers
, commander of
Rogers' Rangers
. In need of Langdon's map-making skills, Rogers recruits the two men for his latest expedition to destroy the hostile
Abenakis
tribe and their town of
St. Francis
, far to the north.
Rogers's force rows north in whale boats on
Lake Champlain
by night, evading
French
patrols, but several soldiers are injured in a confrontation with
Mohawk
scouts. Rogers sends not only the wounded back to Crown Point, but also the disloyal Mohawks provided by Sir William Johnson and a number of men who disobeyed orders. Concealing their boats, the depleted force marches through swampland to conceal their movements. Informed by Stockbridge Indian scouts that the French have captured their boats and extra supplies, Rogers revises his plan and sends an injured officer back to Fort Crown Point requesting the British send supplies to old
Fort Wentworth
, to be met by the returning rangers.
Making a human chain to cross a river, the rangers reach St. Francis. Their attack succeeds, and they set fire to the dwellings and cut the Abenakis off from retreat. After the battle, the rangers find only a few baskets of parched corn to replenish their provisions. Marriner finds Langdon shot in his abdomen. The rangers set out for Wentworth, pursued by hostile French and Indian forces. Their initial objective is
Lake Memphremagog
, with the injured Langdon bringing up the rear.
Ten days later, Rogers's men reach the hills above Lake Memphremagog. Encountering signs of French activity, Rogers prefers to press on a hundred miles to Fort Wentworth, but the men vote to split up into four parties to hunt for food.
Game
proves scarce and two of the detachments are ambushed by the French, leaving most of the men dead. Persevering through harsh conditions, Rogers and the remaining fifty men finally reach the fort, only to find it unoccupied and in disrepair, and the British relief column has not arrived. Though personally despairing, Rogers attempts to perk up their flagging spirits with a prayer. They then hear the
fifes
and drums of approaching British boats with the supplies. Reporting that the Abenakis have been destroyed, the British honour Rogers’ men by
presenting their firearms
and shouting "Hip, hip, hooray".
Returning to Portsmouth, Langdon reunites with Elizabeth while the Rangers are given a new mission: to find the
Northwest Passage
. Rogers fires them up with a speech about the wonders they will see on the march to the first point of embarkation, a little fort called "
Detroit
". He passes by Langdon and Elizabeth to say goodbye; Elizabeth informs him that she and Langdon are headed for London, where she is hopeful Langdon will become a great painter. Rogers bids them farewell, and marches down the road, into the sunset.
Cast
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Production
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Development
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The film is set in the mid-18th century during the
French and Indian War
(as the
Seven Years' War
in
North America
is usually known in the US). It is a partly fictionalized account of the
St. Francis Raid
, an attack by
Rogers' Rangers
on Saint Francis (the current
Odanak, Quebec
), a settlement of the
Abenakis
, an
American Indian
tribe. The purpose of the raid was to avenge the many attacks on British settlers and deter any further ones.
The title is something of a misnomer, since this film is a truncated version of the original story, and only at the end do we find that
Rogers
and his men are about to go on a search for the
Northwest Passage
.
Filming
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The film was shot in central
Idaho
, near
Payette Lake
and the city of
McCall
.
The film wound up as MGM's most expensive film since
Ben Hur
(1926).
[2]
The picture was originally slated for an even more lavish budget in an earlier incarnation and was to star
Wallace Beery
and Tracy but management difficulties between
Irving Thalberg
and
Louis B. Mayer
interceded at that time.
Reception
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Box office
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According to MGM records the film earned $2,169,000 in the US and Canada and $981,000 elsewhere but because of its high cost incurred a loss of $885,000.
[1]
Awards and honors
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The film was nominated for an
Oscar
for
Best Cinematography (Color)
in 1941, but lost out to
The Thief of Bagdad
.
Sequels and related projects
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According to one source, the script was revised by as many as 12 other writers, in addition to the two credited.
[3]
Author
Kenneth Roberts
served as a co-writer on a second draft of a proposed script for the movie, one that covered the entire novel, not just the first book of it. However, executives at MGM scuttled the revision and instead used the first draft of the script, which covered only the first book, as the basis for the finished film. This is why the film
Northwest Passage
was subtitled
Book One: Rogers' Rangers
.
Director
King Vidor
then attempted to make a sequel to the film in which Rogers' Rangers find the Northwest Passage, although Roberts refused to cooperate with the project. But filming never began, because MGM ultimately refused to
green-light
it.
MGM produced a 1958-1959 American television series
Northwest Passage
starring
Keith Larsen
as Robert Rogers, with
Buddy Ebsen
costarring as "Hunk" Marriner, replacing Walter Brennan, who had his own TV series,
The Real McCoys
, in production at the time. The show aired on
NBC
.
[4]
Legacy
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Depiction of American Indians
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The film's depiction of
American Indians
came to be criticized as racist, even by the standards of
Hollywood
at the time. This appraisal mirrors that of the section of the novel set during the
French and Indian War
, which has become equally regarded as racist.
Clive Denton, in his 1976 book
The Hollywood Professionals: Volume 5
, made these observations on the subject:
Vidor’s
Northwest Passage
“sits more than a trifle uneasily that [Spencer] Tracy and his submissive band attack and burn a sleeping Indian village. The tribe has massacred and outraged [innocent whites], we are told, but we have not
seen
them do anything wrong, and they are certainly not belligerent in their sleep. Perhaps I should not berate Vidor for the conventions of good guys and bad guys in adventure movies. But I am still somewhat bothered by Major Rogers, who, beneath Tracy’s charm, is something of a bastard...” (emphasis in original)
[5]
Later screenings
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The film was shown at the
70th Berlin International Film Festival
in February 2020, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor's career.
[6]
- ^
a
b
c
The Eddie Mannix Ledger
, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study
.
- ^
a
b
James Curtis,
Spencer Tracy: A Biography
, Alfred Knopf, 2011 p388, 399 puts this figure at $4 million
- ^
Rob Nixon,
Northwest Passage
, TCM.com.
- ^
"Northwest Passage (TV Series 1958?1959) - IMDb"
.
IMDb
.
- ^
Denton, 1976 p. 19-20: Denton adds that Tracy’s character, Major Rogers “reminds his men to kill only bad Indians, not the good ones, who conveniently wear white crosses on their backs. Perhaps in 1939 one could question less the morality and the smooth practicality of such discrimination.”
- ^
"Berlinale 2020: Retrospective "King Vidor"
"
.
Berlinale
. Retrieved
February 28,
2020
.
References
[
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]
- Denton, Clive. 1976.
The Hollywood Professionals, Volume 5: King Vidor, John Cromwell, Mervyn LeRoy.
The Tanvity Press, London.
ISBN
0-498-01689-7
External links
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