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Soviet artist and pedagogist (1900?1984)
Nikolai Vasilyevich Tomsky
(
Russian
:
Никола?й Васи?льевич То?мский
; 19 December [
O.S.
6 December] 1900, ? 22 November 1984) was a much-decorated Soviet sculptor, designer of many well-known ceremonial monuments of the
Socialist Realism
era.
Biography
[
edit
]
Born in the village of Staro Ramushevo in Novgorod province, into a blacksmith's family, Tomsky studied in
Leningrad
. In 1927, graduated from the Arts and Crafts College.
The sculptor first came to attention with his memorial to
Sergey Kirov
, a heroic bronze with friezes around the base, for which he won the 1941
Stalin Prize
. Thereafter his career developed in an official direction; he would be eventually tasked to re-design Lenin's own sarcophagus, produce Stalin's bust at Stalin's grave, and produce at least five major statues of Lenin throughout the Soviet Union. His distinctive
red-granite Lenin
stood in the Leninplatz of
East Berlin
from 1970 to 1992.
Tomsky became a full member of the
USSR Academy of Arts
(1949, and president from 1968 to 1983), member of the Academy of Arts of the GDR, the Hero of Socialist Labor (1970), five Stalin Prize laureate (1941, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952), the winner of the Lenin Prize (1972) and the USSR State Prize (1979), holder of three
Orders of Lenin
, the Order of the October Revolution, Order of the Red Banner and the Order of Karl Marx (GDR). He taught at MGAHIS (1948-1982), as Professor and as Rector of the Academy (1964-1970).
Work
[
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]
- monument to
Sergey Kirov
, Kirovskaya Square, St. Peterburg, 1937, with architect
Noi Trotsky
- major frieze called
Defense, Labor and Rest
at the
House of Soviets
, St. Petersburg, 1936-1941, for architect
Noi Trotsky
- Lenin
,
Varshavsky Rail Terminal
, St. Petersburg, 1947, removed 2001
- bas-reliefs at the
Novokuznetskaya
Moscow metro
station, 1943
- Victory Bridge, Moscow, with architect
Dmitry Chechulin
, 1943
- Stalin
at the
Kurskaya (Koltsevaya Line)
Moscow metro station, 1950, removed 1961
- monument to
Ivan Chernyakhovsky
,
Vilnius
, 1950, relocated to
Voronezh
in 1993
- monument to
Nikolai Gogol
on
Gogolevsky Boulevard
, Moscow (replacing the controversial monument by sculptor
Nikolay Andreyev
), 1952
- bust of Stalin at his grave,
Kremlin Wall Necropolis
, 1953
- monument to
Mikhail Lomonosov
,
Moscow University
, 1954
[1]
- monument to
Pavel Nakhimov
,
Sevastopol
, 1959
- work at the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow)
, 1967
- Lenin
at Leninplatz, former
East Berlin
, 1970, removed and buried in 1992
- re-designed
sarcophagus
at
Lenin's Tomb
, Moscow, 1973
- equestrian statue of
Field Marshal Kutuzov
in the
Kutuzovsky Prospekt
, Moscow, 1973
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